{
  "alt": "Three views of the attitude gaps in four surveys, one panel for each survey. The first plots the party gap, the gender gap and their difference: the party gap is {fact:gss_party_gap_2024} in the GSS against a gender gap of {fact:gss_gender_gap_2024}, {fact:anes_party_gap_2024} against {fact:anes_gender_gap_2024} in the ANES, {fact:ns_party_gap} against {fact:ns_gender_gap} in Nationscape and {fact:wvs_party_gap} against {fact:wvs_gender_gap} in the WVS. The second plots the gender gap within each party, and the third the share taking the traditional or hostile position for women and men in each party. In the GSS the gap within a party is {fact:gss_gender_dem} among Democrats and {fact:gss_gender_rep} among Republicans, in the ANES {fact:anes_gender_dem} and {fact:anes_gender_rep}, in Nationscape {fact:ns_gender_dem} and {fact:ns_gender_rep}, and in the WVS {fact:wvs_gender_left} on the left side and {fact:wvs_gender_right} on the right side. In the GSS, Republican women give the traditional answer more often than Democratic men, {fact:gss_rep_women} against {fact:gss_dem_men}.",
  "caption": "The party gap minus the gender gap is {fact:gss_party_minus_gender} in the GSS, {fact:anes_party_minus_gender} in the ANES and {fact:ns_party_minus_gender} in Nationscape, each with an interval above zero, and {fact:wvs_party_minus_gender} in the WVS, with an interval that includes zero. The items differ by survey, so levels and gaps are not comparable across panels.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "attitudes_by_gender_party",
  "notes": [
    "GSS: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. ANES: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer. WVS: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce. Nationscape: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve.",
    "Nationscape is an opt-in online panel, not a random sample of adults. Its intervals allow for correlation within the weekly wave, which widens them, and still describe sampling noise among panel members and not who joins the panel."
  ],
  "source": "GSS 2024, ANES 2024, WVS United States 2017 and Nationscape 2019-2021; weighted (survey weights; Nationscape intervals cluster on the weekly wave)",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot chart in four panels, one for each survey, with three rows each: the party gap, the gender gap and the party gap minus the gender gap, with 95% intervals. The party gap is to the right of the gender gap in the GSS, ANES and Nationscape, and the difference has an interval above zero in those three panels and an interval that includes zero in the WVS panel.",
          "caption": "The party gap is {fact:gss_party_gap_2024} in the GSS against a gender gap of {fact:gss_gender_gap_2024}, {fact:anes_party_gap_2024} against {fact:anes_gender_gap_2024} in the ANES, {fact:ns_party_gap} against {fact:ns_gender_gap} in Nationscape and {fact:wvs_party_gap} against {fact:wvs_gender_gap} in the WVS.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 31.9009,
              "conf_low": 19.6086,
              "estimate": 25.7548,
              "kind": "Party gap",
              "label": "Party gap",
              "n": 1548,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 9.89161,
              "conf_low": -1.06229,
              "estimate": 4.41466,
              "kind": "Gender gap",
              "label": "Gender gap",
              "n": 2153,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 29.5725,
              "conf_low": 13.1077,
              "estimate": 21.3401,
              "kind": "Party gap minus gender gap",
              "label": "Party minus gender",
              "n": 3701,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 34.8721,
              "conf_low": 28.3383,
              "estimate": 31.6052,
              "kind": "Party gap",
              "label": "Party gap",
              "n": 5103,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 12.1251,
              "conf_low": 5.4598,
              "estimate": 8.79243,
              "kind": "Gender gap",
              "label": "Gender gap",
              "n": 5475,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 27.4796,
              "conf_low": 18.146,
              "estimate": 22.8128,
              "kind": "Party gap minus gender gap",
              "label": "Party minus gender",
              "n": 10578,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 5.54996,
              "conf_low": 0.818215,
              "estimate": 3.18409,
              "kind": "Party gap",
              "label": "Party gap",
              "n": 2534,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 5.0361,
              "conf_low": 0.747093,
              "estimate": 2.8916,
              "kind": "Gender gap",
              "label": "Gender gap",
              "n": 2591,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 3.48565,
              "conf_low": -2.90066,
              "estimate": 0.292492,
              "kind": "Party gap minus gender gap",
              "label": "Party minus gender",
              "n": 5125,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 19.9675,
              "conf_low": 18.431,
              "estimate": 19.1993,
              "kind": "Party gap",
              "label": "Party gap",
              "n": 317051,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 10.0719,
              "conf_low": 9.12658,
              "estimate": 9.59925,
              "kind": "Gender gap",
              "label": "Gender gap",
              "n": 480535,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 10.502,
              "conf_low": 8.69803,
              "estimate": 9.60001,
              "kind": "Party gap minus gender gap",
              "label": "Party minus gender",
              "n": 797586,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            }
          ],
          "id": "attitude_party_vs_gender",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Gender gap": "cat2",
              "Party gap": "cat1",
              "Party gap minus gender gap": "total"
            },
            "facet": "survey",
            "group": "kind",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "reference": 0,
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "estimate",
            "xDomain": [
              -5,
              40
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "xLabel": "Gap in the traditional or hostile position (points)",
            "y": "label"
          },
          "subtitle": "Party gap is Republicans minus Democrats (right side minus left side in the WVS) and gender gap is men minus women; points",
          "table": {
            "columns": [
              {
                "key": "survey",
                "label": "Survey"
              },
              {
                "key": "kind",
                "label": "Measure"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "estimate",
                "label": "Points"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_low",
                "label": "Lower 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_high",
                "label": "Upper 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 0,
                  "thousands": true
                },
                "key": "n",
                "label": "Respondents"
              }
            ]
          },
          "title": "Party gap, gender gap and their difference in each survey",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Party gap and gender gap"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot chart in four panels, one for each survey, with three rows each: the gender gap among all respondents and among each party or side of the left-right scale, with 95% intervals. Every dot is to the right of zero, and the intervals include zero in both GSS rows for parties and on the right side of the WVS scale. In the ANES the gap is {fact:anes_gender_dem} among Democrats and {fact:anes_gender_rep} among Republicans, in Nationscape {fact:ns_gender_dem} and {fact:ns_gender_rep}, in the GSS {fact:gss_gender_dem} and {fact:gss_gender_rep}, and in the WVS {fact:wvs_gender_left} on the left side and {fact:wvs_gender_right} on the right side.",
          "caption": "Within a party the estimate is positive in every group. The interval excludes zero in both parties in the ANES and Nationscape and on the left side of the WVS scale, and includes zero in both parties in the GSS and on the right side of the WVS scale.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 9.89161,
              "conf_low": -1.06229,
              "estimate": 4.41466,
              "label": "All respondents",
              "n": 2153,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home",
              "who": "All respondents"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 15.2123,
              "conf_low": -0.120297,
              "estimate": 7.546,
              "label": "Democrats",
              "n": 806,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home",
              "who": "Democrats"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 11.7266,
              "conf_low": -7.70586,
              "estimate": 2.01038,
              "label": "Republicans",
              "n": 741,
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home",
              "who": "Republicans"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 12.1251,
              "conf_low": 5.4598,
              "estimate": 8.79243,
              "label": "All respondents",
              "n": 5475,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50",
              "who": "All respondents"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 9.17514,
              "conf_low": 2.23546,
              "estimate": 5.7053,
              "label": "Democrats",
              "n": 2627,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50",
              "who": "Democrats"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 11.8206,
              "conf_low": 0.496401,
              "estimate": 6.15851,
              "label": "Republicans",
              "n": 2440,
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50",
              "who": "Republicans"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 5.0361,
              "conf_low": 0.747093,
              "estimate": 2.8916,
              "label": "All respondents",
              "n": 2591,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce",
              "who": "All respondents"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 6.56508,
              "conf_low": 1.47978,
              "estimate": 4.02243,
              "label": "Left side",
              "n": 1510,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce",
              "who": "Left side"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 4.79805,
              "conf_low": -3.30185,
              "estimate": 0.748101,
              "label": "Right side",
              "n": 1024,
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce",
              "who": "Right side"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 10.0719,
              "conf_low": 9.12658,
              "estimate": 9.59925,
              "label": "All respondents",
              "n": 480535,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints",
              "who": "All respondents"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 11.8197,
              "conf_low": 10.3729,
              "estimate": 11.0963,
              "label": "Democrats",
              "n": 170756,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints",
              "who": "Democrats"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 8.78814,
              "conf_low": 7.08614,
              "estimate": 7.93714,
              "label": "Republicans",
              "n": 146295,
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints",
              "who": "Republicans"
            }
          ],
          "id": "attitude_gender_within_party",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "All respondents": "total",
              "Democrats": "dem",
              "Left side": "accent",
              "Republicans": "rep",
              "Right side": "highlight"
            },
            "facet": "survey",
            "group": "who",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "reference": 0,
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "estimate",
            "xDomain": [
              -10,
              20
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "xLabel": "Men minus women in the traditional or hostile position (points)",
            "y": "label"
          },
          "subtitle": "Men minus women in the traditional or hostile position, points, among all respondents and within each party (left or right side of the scale in the WVS)",
          "table": {
            "columns": [
              {
                "key": "survey",
                "label": "Survey"
              },
              {
                "key": "label",
                "label": "Group"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "estimate",
                "label": "Points"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_low",
                "label": "Lower 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_high",
                "label": "Upper 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 0,
                  "thousands": true
                },
                "key": "n",
                "label": "Respondents"
              }
            ]
          },
          "title": "The gender gap within each party",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Gender gap within party"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot chart in four panels, one for each survey, with four dots each for women and men on the left or the Democratic side and on the right or the Republican side, showing the share taking the traditional or hostile position with 95% intervals. Republican dots sit to the right of Democratic dots in the GSS, ANES and Nationscape panels, and the men's dot sits to the right of the women's dot within each party in every panel.",
          "caption": "In the GSS, ANES and Nationscape the two Republican dots sit to the right of the two Democratic dots, and within each party the men's dot sits to the right of the women's dot, though the within-party difference includes zero in the GSS; in the WVS the four dots are close together. In the GSS, Republican women give the traditional answer more often than Democratic men, {fact:gss_rep_women} against {fact:gss_dem_men}. WVS colors mark the sides of the left-right scale, not parties.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 20.1601,
              "conf_low": 10.7904,
              "estimate": 15.4753,
              "label": "Democratic women",
              "n": 475,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 29.0896,
              "conf_low": 16.9529,
              "estimate": 23.0213,
              "label": "Democratic men",
              "n": 331,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 50.274,
              "conf_low": 36.7285,
              "estimate": 43.5012,
              "label": "Republican women",
              "n": 379,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 52.4784,
              "conf_low": 38.5449,
              "estimate": 45.5116,
              "label": "Republican men",
              "n": 362,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "GSS 2024: man the achiever, woman at home"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 9.09297,
              "conf_low": 5.35016,
              "estimate": 7.22157,
              "label": "Democratic women",
              "n": 1547,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 15.8488,
              "conf_low": 10.0049,
              "estimate": 12.9269,
              "label": "Democratic men",
              "n": 1080,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 42.3903,
              "conf_low": 34.2824,
              "estimate": 38.3364,
              "label": "Republican women",
              "n": 1158,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 48.4477,
              "conf_low": 40.542,
              "estimate": 44.4949,
              "label": "Republican men",
              "n": 1282,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "ANES 2024: feminists rated below 50"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 3.58287,
              "conf_low": 0.813949,
              "estimate": 2.19841,
              "label": "Left side, women",
              "n": 763,
              "side": "Left side of the scale",
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 8.35352,
              "conf_low": 4.08816,
              "estimate": 6.22084,
              "label": "Left side, men",
              "n": 747,
              "side": "Left side of the scale",
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 9.94113,
              "conf_low": 3.56233,
              "estimate": 6.75173,
              "label": "Right side, women",
              "n": 403,
              "side": "Right side of the scale",
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 9.99579,
              "conf_low": 5.00387,
              "estimate": 7.49983,
              "label": "Right side, men",
              "n": 621,
              "side": "Right side of the scale",
              "survey": "WVS 2017: men first when jobs are scarce"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 15.5747,
              "conf_low": 14.7472,
              "estimate": 15.1609,
              "label": "Democratic women",
              "n": 104987,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 26.9879,
              "conf_low": 25.5266,
              "estimate": 26.2573,
              "label": "Democratic men",
              "n": 65769,
              "side": "Democrats",
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 35.5541,
              "conf_low": 34.1752,
              "estimate": 34.8647,
              "label": "Republican women",
              "n": 76535,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 43.5319,
              "conf_low": 42.0717,
              "estimate": 42.8018,
              "label": "Republican men",
              "n": 69760,
              "side": "Republicans",
              "survey": "Nationscape 2019 to 2021: harassment complaints"
            }
          ],
          "id": "attitude_shares",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Democrats": "dem",
              "Left side of the scale": "accent",
              "Republicans": "rep",
              "Right side of the scale": "highlight"
            },
            "facet": "survey",
            "group": "side",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "estimate",
            "xDomain": [
              0,
              60
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "xLabel": "Share taking the traditional or hostile position (percent)",
            "y": "label"
          },
          "subtitle": "Percent, by party (left or right side of the left-right scale in the WVS) and gender",
          "table": {
            "columns": [
              {
                "key": "survey",
                "label": "Survey"
              },
              {
                "key": "label",
                "label": "Group"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "estimate",
                "label": "Percent"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_low",
                "label": "Lower 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1,
                  "thousands": false
                },
                "key": "conf_high",
                "label": "Upper 95%"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 0,
                  "thousands": true
                },
                "key": "n",
                "label": "Respondents"
              }
            ]
          },
          "title": "Share taking the traditional or hostile position, by party and gender",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Share by party and gender"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Points and percent taking the traditional or hostile position on the one item each survey asks; most recent wave of each survey; 95% intervals",
  "title": "Party, or left-right group in the WVS, separates the traditional answer more than gender does in {fact:n_party_larger} of {fact:n_instruments} surveys",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}