{
  "anes_1996_2024_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -14.6,
      1.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.8",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 1996 gap, independent samples",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -6.76387,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_age_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -19.3,
      0.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men-minus-women gap among ages 18 to 29 minus the gap among ages 30 and older; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 5217,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating with a recorded sex and age",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": -9.29358,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -1.7,
      9.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.0",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 2020 gap, independent samples",
    "n": 10126,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 3.99798,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_ftf_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      -7.3,
      7.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1336,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, face-to-face interviews",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 0.182479,
    "weights": "mode weight (weight_ftf or weight_web)"
  },
  "anes_ftf_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -8.6,
      12.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 688,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, face-to-face interviews",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 1.84853,
    "weights": "mode weight (weight_ftf or weight_web)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1956": {
    "ci": [
      -11.6,
      -0.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1266,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1956",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -6.19028,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1976": {
    "ci": [
      -5.3,
      5.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1322,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1976",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 0.249131,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1996": {
    "ci": [
      8.4,
      21.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.9",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1116,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 14.8667,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3.6,
      12.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 3943,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 8.1028,
    "weights": "post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_change_1988_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2.2,
      13.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.8",
    "estimand": "2024 gender gap minus 1988 gender gap, independent samples",
    "n": 7102,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.77038,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_change_2000_2004": {
    "ci": [
      -1.1,
      14.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.5",
    "estimand": "2004 gender gap minus 2000 gender gap, independent samples",
    "n": 2455,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000 and 2004",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.47866,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_dem": {
    "ci": [
      2.2,
      9.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.7",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Democrats; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 2627,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating who are Democrats",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 5.7053,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_gap_1988": {
    "ci": [
      -3.4,
      5.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 1627,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 1.02205,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 5475,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 8.79243,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_max_from_2004": {
    "display": "9.4",
    "estimand": "largest estimate of the men-minus-women gap among the survey years 2004 to 2024; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004 to 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 9.44039,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_max_to_2000": {
    "display": "1.7",
    "estimand": "largest estimate of the men-minus-women gap among the survey years 1988 to 2000; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2000",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 1.70107,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_min_from_2004": {
    "display": "6.0",
    "estimand": "smallest estimate of the men-minus-women gap among the survey years 2004 to 2024; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004 to 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 5.99479,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_min_to_2000": {
    "display": "0.9",
    "estimand": "smallest estimate of the men-minus-women gap among the survey years 1988 to 2000; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2000",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 0.894677,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_o30": {
    "ci": [
      7.1,
      14.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.7",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 4672,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, ages 30 and older",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 10.6527,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_rep": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      11.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Republicans; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 2440,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating who are Republicans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 6.15851,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gender_u30": {
    "ci": [
      -8,
      10.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.4",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 545,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, ages 18 to 29",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 1.35911,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_party_gap_1988": {
    "ci": [
      16,
      25.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans minus Democrats, leaners included; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 1448,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 20.6275,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_party_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      28.3,
      34.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans minus Democrats, leaners included; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 5103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 31.6052,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_party_minus_gender": {
    "ci": [
      18.1,
      27.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.8",
    "estimand": "party gap minus gender gap, ignoring how the two gaps move together on the same respondents; item: rating feminists below 50 on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "n": 10578,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a feminist thermometer rating and a recorded party (or left-right side) and sex",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 22.8128,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_web_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      12.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 2852,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012, web interviews",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, web interviews",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 7.82547,
    "weights": "mode weight (weight_ftf or weight_web)"
  },
  "anes_web_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1.4,
      15.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.4",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1364,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, web interviews",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, web interviews",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 8.43753,
    "weights": "mode weight (weight_ftf or weight_web)"
  },
  "asian_neff_2020": {
    "display": "101",
    "estimand": "smaller of the effective sample sizes of the women cell and the men cell",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Asian women and men ages 18 to 29 who voted",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 101.029,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "asian_neff_pooled": {
    "display": "64",
    "estimand": "smaller of the effective sample sizes of the women cell and the men cell",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "Asian women and men ages 18 to 29 who voted",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 63.576,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "band_diff_18_29_30_44": {
    "ci": [
      -1.5,
      12.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.5",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 to 44, independent samples",
    "n": 9971,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 5.53051,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "band_diff_65p_30_44": {
    "ci": [
      2.2,
      10.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.3",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 65 and older minus gap among ages 30 to 44, independent samples",
    "n": 21979,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 6.25192,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "band_gap_2024_30_44": {
    "ci": [
      -2.4,
      4.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 6993,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 30 to 44",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 0.996146,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "band_gap_2024_45_64": {
    "ci": [
      1.2,
      5.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 16800,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 45 to 64",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 3.50159,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "band_gap_2024_65p": {
    "ci": [
      5,
      9.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 14986,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 65 and over",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 7.24807,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "cell_floor": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "minimum number of respondents and minimum Kish effective sample size for a published cell",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2024",
    "population": "each race-by-gender cell",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (constant)"
  },
  "ces_anes_change_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -14.5,
      -2.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.5",
    "estimand": "change in the CES gap from 2020 to 2024 minus the change in the ANES gap, independent samples",
    "n": 95755,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES and ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -8.47831,
    "weights": "CES weight_cumulative; ANES post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ces_anes_diff_2020": {
    "ci": [
      0.8,
      8.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.5",
    "estimand": "CES gap minus ANES gap in 2020, independent samples",
    "n": 50055,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES and ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 4.51871,
    "weights": "CES weight_cumulative; ANES post-election weight where the file has one, otherwise the full-sample weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ces_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -6.4,
      -2.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.5",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 2020 gap, independent samples",
    "n": 85629,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -4.48033,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2.6,
      5.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 41757,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 4.14319,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_std_matched_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2,
      5.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men, standard weight on the matched respondents",
    "n": 32776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 3.63634,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_vv_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      6.3,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 32776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 7.95382,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "diff_2008": {
    "ci": [
      -13.2,
      -4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.9",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 23585,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -8.89995,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "diff_2012": {
    "ci": [
      -11.1,
      -0.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.0",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 37789,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -5.97544,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "diff_2016": {
    "ci": [
      -8.3,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.0",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 40891,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -3.95322,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "diff_2020": {
    "ci": [
      -10.1,
      -1.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.0",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 43872,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -5.98449,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "diff_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -3.8,
      8.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.6",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 41757,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 2.5886,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "diff_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1,
      16.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.6",
    "estimand": "change from 2020 to 2024 in the under-30 gap minus the 30-and-older gap",
    "n": 85629,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 8.57309,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "gss_dem_men": {
    "ci": [
      17,
      29.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 331,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic men, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent taking the traditional or hostile position",
    "value": 23.0213,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      15.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Democrats; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 806,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 7.546,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_gap_1977": {
    "ci": [
      -0.6,
      10.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1503,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1977",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 4.80378,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -1.1,
      9.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.4",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 2153,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 4.41466,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_max": {
    "ci": [
      5.6,
      18.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1285,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 12.1073,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_min": {
    "ci": [
      -4.8,
      5.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1872,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 0.196142,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_o30": {
    "ci": [
      -3.5,
      8.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.4",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1798,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, ages 30 and older",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 2.40063,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gender_rep": {
    "ci": [
      -7.7,
      11.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Republicans; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 741,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Republicans",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 2.01038,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_ftf_2024": {
    "ci": [
      8.5,
      29.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans (party identification 4 to 6) minus Democrats (0 to 2), leaners included; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 538,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 19.0687,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_gap_1977": {
    "ci": [
      -8,
      4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans (party identification 4 to 6) minus Democrats (0 to 2), leaners included; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1319,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1977",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": -1.99763,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_gap_2018": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      17.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans (party identification 4 to 6) minus Democrats (0 to 2), leaners included; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1186,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 11.3369,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      19.6,
      31.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans (party identification 4 to 6) minus Democrats (0 to 2), leaners included; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 1548,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 25.7548,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_minus_gender": {
    "ci": [
      13.1,
      29.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.3",
    "estimand": "party gap minus gender gap, ignoring how the two gaps move together on the same respondents; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 3701,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded party (or left-right side) and sex",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 21.3401,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_party_web_2024": {
    "ci": [
      24.4,
      40.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "32.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans (party identification 4 to 6) minus Democrats (0 to 2), leaners included; item: agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 824,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, web interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 32.2865,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_rep_women": {
    "ci": [
      36.7,
      50.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "43.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share agree or strongly agree that it is much better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home",
    "n": 379,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican women, leaners included",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent taking the traditional or hostile position",
    "value": 43.5012,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "n_anes_2024": {
    "display": "3,943",
    "estimand": "count of respondents behind the 2024 gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "voters",
    "value": 3943,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_ci_pos": {
    "display": "11",
    "estimand": "count of elections where the 95% interval of the gap lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964-2024",
    "population": "ANES presidential elections 1964 to 2024",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 11,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_ci_zero": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "count of elections where the 95% interval of the gap includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964-2024",
    "population": "ANES presidential elections 1964 to 2024",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_elections": {
    "display": "16",
    "estimand": "count of presidential elections",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964-2024",
    "population": "ANES presidential elections 1964 to 2024",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 16,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_pos": {
    "display": "16",
    "estimand": "count of elections with a positive estimate of the gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964-2024",
    "population": "ANES presidential elections 1964 to 2024",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 16,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_2024": {
    "display": "41,757",
    "estimand": "count of respondents behind the 2024 gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "voters",
    "value": 41757,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_diff_below_zero": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of elections where the 95% interval of the under-30 minus 30-and-older difference lies below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2020",
    "population": "presidential elections 2008 to 2020",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_earlier_elections": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of elections",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2020",
    "population": "presidential elections 2008 to 2020",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_gss_gender_ci_pos": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of survey years where the 95% interval of the gender gap lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1977-2024",
    "population": "GSS survey years with the gender-role item, 1977 to 2024",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_gss_years": {
    "display": "24",
    "estimand": "count of survey years with a published gender gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1977-2024",
    "population": "GSS survey years with the gender-role item, 1977 to 2024",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 24,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_instruments": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of surveys compared",
    "note": "",
    "period": "latest window of each survey",
    "population": "GSS 2024, ANES 2024, WVS United States 2017, Nationscape 2019-2021",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_party_larger": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of surveys where the party gap minus the gender gap has a 95% interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "latest window of each survey",
    "population": "GSS 2024, ANES 2024, WVS United States 2017, Nationscape 2019-2021",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_party_larger_partisans": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of surveys where the party gap minus the gender gap, with the gender gap restricted to Democrats and Republicans (or the left and right sides of the WVS scale), has a 95% interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "latest window of each survey",
    "population": "GSS 2024, ANES 2024, WVS United States 2017, Nationscape 2019-2021",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "neff_o30_2024": {
    "display": "7,955",
    "estimand": "smaller of the effective sample sizes of the women cell and the men cell",
    "n": 38779,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES voters ages 30 and older",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 7954.64,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "neff_u30_2024": {
    "display": "434",
    "estimand": "smaller of the effective sample sizes of the women cell and the men cell",
    "n": 2978,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES voters ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 433.816,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ns_age_diff": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      7.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men-minus-women gap among ages 18 to 29 minus the gap among ages 30 and older; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 480535,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item with a recorded sex and age",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 6.50457,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_gender_dem": {
    "ci": [
      10.4,
      11.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Democrats; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 170756,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 11.0963,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_gender_gap": {
    "ci": [
      9.1,
      10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 480535,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 9.59925,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_gender_o30": {
    "ci": [
      7.8,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 373707,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021, ages 30 and older",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 8.31582,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_gender_rep": {
    "ci": [
      7.1,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.9",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among Republicans; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 146295,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item who are Republicans",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 7.93714,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_gender_u30": {
    "ci": [
      13.7,
      16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 106828,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021, ages 18 to 29",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 14.8204,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_party_gap": {
    "ci": [
      18.4,
      20
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, Republicans minus Democrats, party identification without leaners; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 317051,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item who are Democrats or Republicans, leaners not included",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 19.1993,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "ns_party_minus_gender": {
    "ci": [
      8.7,
      10.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.6",
    "estimand": "party gap minus gender gap, ignoring how the two gaps move together on the same respondents; item: agree that women who complain about harassment often cause more problems than they solve",
    "n": 797586,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to February 2021",
    "population": "Nationscape respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded party (or left-right side) and sex",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.60001,
    "weights": "weight, cluster-robust interval on the weekly wave"
  },
  "o30_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -7.2,
      -3.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.2",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 2020 gap, ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 78291,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 30 and older",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": -5.19871,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "o30_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2.4,
      5.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.9",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 38779,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 30 and older",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 3.93806,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pid_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -12.1,
      1.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.4",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 2020 gap, independent samples",
    "n": 11699,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents ages 18 to 29 who identify as Democrats or Republicans (leaners not included)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of two-party identifiers",
    "value": -5.40752,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pid_diff_2006_2020": {
    "ci": [
      -4.3,
      6.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.1",
    "estimand": "2006 gap minus 2020 gap, independent samples",
    "n": 9263,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006 and 2020",
    "population": "CES respondents ages 18 to 29 who identify as Democrats or Republicans (leaners not included)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of two-party identifiers",
    "value": 1.07069,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pid_gap_2006": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      13.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares of party identifiers, women minus men",
    "n": 2726,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES respondents ages 18 to 29 who identify as Democrats or Republicans (leaners not included)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of two-party identifiers",
    "value": 9.54843,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pid_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares of party identifiers, women minus men",
    "n": 6537,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES respondents ages 18 to 29 who identify as Democrats or Republicans (leaners not included)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of two-party identifiers",
    "value": 8.47774,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pid_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -2.5,
      8.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares of party identifiers, women minus men",
    "n": 5162,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents ages 18 to 29 who identify as Democrats or Republicans (leaners not included)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of two-party identifiers",
    "value": 3.07022,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pooled_gap_hispanic": {
    "ci": [
      1,
      21.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1092,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 18 to 29, Hispanic",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 11.2028,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pooled_gap_white": {
    "ci": [
      -2.5,
      7.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 4661,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 18 to 29, white",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 2.29721,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "pooled_race_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -2.4,
      20.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.9",
    "estimand": "Hispanic gap minus white gap, independent samples",
    "n": 5753,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 8.90564,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "race_neff_max_2024": {
    "display": "82",
    "estimand": "largest cell effective sample size",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Black, Hispanic and Asian women and men ages 18 to 29 who voted",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 81.5863,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "race_neff_min_2024": {
    "display": "23",
    "estimand": "smallest cell effective sample size",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Black, Hispanic and Asian women and men ages 18 to 29 who voted",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 22.6763,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_m_2020": {
    "ci": [
      63.1,
      69.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "66.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted Democratic share of the two-party vote",
    "n": 1440,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES men ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 66.1279,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_m_2024": {
    "ci": [
      51.8,
      61.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "56.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted Democratic share of the two-party vote",
    "n": 1209,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES men ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 56.4703,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_m_change": {
    "ci": [
      -15.2,
      -4.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.7",
    "estimand": "2024 share minus 2020 share, independent samples",
    "n": 2649,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES men ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.65758,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_w_2020": {
    "ci": [
      66.9,
      71.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "69.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted Democratic share of the two-party vote",
    "n": 2920,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES women ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 69.2802,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_w_2024": {
    "ci": [
      59,
      67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "63.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted Democratic share of the two-party vote",
    "n": 1769,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES women ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 62.997,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_w_change": {
    "ci": [
      -10.9,
      -1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.3",
    "estimand": "2024 share minus 2020 share, independent samples",
    "n": 4689,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES women ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -6.2832,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_wm_change": {
    "ci": [
      -12.1,
      1.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.1",
    "estimand": "2024 share minus 2020 share, independent samples",
    "n": 1621,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES white men ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -5.10995,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "shift_ww_change": {
    "ci": [
      -8,
      3.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.1",
    "estimand": "2024 share minus 2020 share, independent samples",
    "n": 3040,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES white women ages 18 to 29 who voted for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -2.11732,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "u30_change_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -3.9,
      10.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.4",
    "estimand": "2024 gap minus 2020 gap, ages 18 to 29, independent samples",
    "n": 7338,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 3.37438,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "u30_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.4,
      12.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 2978,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate, ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 6.52666,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "vv_band_gap_2024_18_29": {
    "ci": [
      3.8,
      19.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1348,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records, ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 11.5554,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "vv_band_gap_2024_65p": {
    "ci": [
      8.6,
      13.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.1",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 12683,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records, ages 65 and older",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 11.0714,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "vv_diff_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -3.7,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.2",
    "estimand": "gap among ages 18 to 29 minus gap among ages 30 and older, independent samples",
    "n": 32776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 4.23732,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "vv_minus_std_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2.9,
      5.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.3",
    "estimand": "matched-weight gap minus standard-weight gap on the same matched respondents; interval from a seeded percentile bootstrap over respondents, 400 replicates",
    "n": 32776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 4.31748,
    "weights": "vvweight and weight_cumulative on the same respondents"
  },
  "vv_o30_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      8.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 31428,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records, ages 30 and older",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 7.31805,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "vv_u30_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3.8,
      19.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.6",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted Democratic shares, women minus men",
    "n": 1348,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican candidate and were matched to voter-file records, ages 18 to 29",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, women minus men, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote",
    "value": 11.5554,
    "weights": "vvweight (respondents matched to voter-file records)"
  },
  "wvs_age_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -4.4,
      7.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.5",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men-minus-women gap among ages 18 to 29 minus the gap among ages 30 and older; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 2591,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item with a recorded sex and age",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 1.45273,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_gender_gap": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.9",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 2591,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 2.8916,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_gender_left": {
    "ci": [
      1.5,
      6.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.0",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among the left side (1 to 5); item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 1510,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item who are in the left side (1 to 5)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 4.02243,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_gender_o30": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      5.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.8",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 1961,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017, ages 30 and older",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 2.80402,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_gender_right": {
    "ci": [
      -3.3,
      4.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.7",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women among the right side (6 to 10); item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 1024,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item who are in the right side (6 to 10)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 0.748101,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_gender_u30": {
    "ci": [
      -1.1,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.3",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, men minus women, all respondents; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 630,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017, ages 18 to 29",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded sex",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 4.25675,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_party_gap": {
    "ci": [
      0.8,
      5.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.2",
    "estimand": "difference in weighted shares, right side (left-right 6 to 10) minus left side (1 to 5), because the file used has no party variable for the United States; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 2534,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item who placed themselves on the left-right scale",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points (share taking the traditional or hostile position)",
    "value": 3.18409,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  },
  "wvs_party_minus_gender": {
    "ci": [
      -2.9,
      3.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.3",
    "estimand": "party gap minus gender gap, ignoring how the two gaps move together on the same respondents; item: agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce",
    "n": 5125,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "WVS United States respondents with an answer to the item and a recorded party (or left-right side) and sex",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.292492,
    "weights": "weight (S017)"
  }
}