{
  "alt": "Dot chart with a row for the vote gap and for the party-identification gap in each of 2012, 2016 and 2024, and two dots in each row, one for in-person interviews and one for web interviews, each with an interval. In the 2012 vote row both dots are near zero, with intervals that include zero. In the 2016 and 2024 vote rows both dots are above zero and the in-person dot is the farther right, at {fact:mode_v_ftf_2024} in 2024 against {fact:mode_v_web_2024} on the web.",
  "caption": "In both modes the vote gap includes zero in 2012 and lies above zero in 2016 and 2024, the party-identification gap lies above zero in 2024, and the in-person dot lies to the right of the web dot in 2016 and 2024. In 2024 the vote gap was {fact:mode_v_ftf_2024} points in person and {fact:mode_v_web_2024} on the web. Each mode uses its own ANES weight. The mode groups cover {fact:n_mode_2024} of the {fact:n_vote_2024} voters of 2024, and the panel and paper cases, which have no mode weight, show a 2024 vote gap of {fact:mode_v_other_2024} points. The issue view compares the cultural, racial, economic and immigration gaps by mode in the ANES and the GSS.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 3.68202,
      "conf_low": -11.9865,
      "estimate": -4.15226,
      "label": "Vote, 2012",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1327,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.15776,
      "conf_low": -3.83798,
      "estimate": 1.15989,
      "label": "Vote, 2012",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 2817,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.7157,
      "conf_low": 7.15785,
      "estimate": 15.9368,
      "label": "Vote, 2016",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 745,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.5611,
      "conf_low": 5.16141,
      "estimate": 10.3613,
      "label": "Vote, 2016",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 1846,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.1392,
      "conf_low": 20.768,
      "estimate": 30.4536,
      "label": "Vote, 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 688,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.8824,
      "conf_low": 13.491,
      "estimate": 20.1867,
      "label": "Vote, 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 1357,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.5268,
      "conf_low": 12.57,
      "estimate": 18.5484,
      "label": "Vote, 2024",
      "mode": "Panel and paper",
      "n": 1873,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.881081,
      "conf_low": -14.8392,
      "estimate": -7.86015,
      "label": "Party identification, 2012",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1800,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.116575,
      "conf_low": -9.33741,
      "estimate": -4.61042,
      "label": "Party identification, 2012",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 3234,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.7425,
      "conf_low": -2.35445,
      "estimate": 5.19403,
      "label": "Party identification, 2016",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1040,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.79359,
      "conf_low": -4.04281,
      "estimate": 0.375394,
      "label": "Party identification, 2016",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 2603,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.1432,
      "conf_low": 16.1399,
      "estimate": 24.6416,
      "label": "Party identification, 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 963,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.9925,
      "conf_low": 9.41202,
      "estimate": 15.2023,
      "label": "Party identification, 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 1840,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.288,
      "conf_low": 7.13164,
      "estimate": 12.7098,
      "label": "Party identification, 2024",
      "mode": "Panel and paper",
      "n": 2252,
      "panel": "vote"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.240034,
      "conf_low": 0.0126945,
      "estimate": 0.126364,
      "label": "Economic index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 2196,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.0166875,
      "conf_low": -0.151132,
      "estimate": -0.0839096,
      "label": "Economic index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 5094,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.566345,
      "conf_low": 0.349321,
      "estimate": 0.457833,
      "label": "Cultural index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 2195,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.405522,
      "conf_low": 0.273621,
      "estimate": 0.339571,
      "label": "Cultural index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 5077,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.587618,
      "conf_low": 0.350719,
      "estimate": 0.469168,
      "label": "Racial index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1936,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.291429,
      "conf_low": 0.145146,
      "estimate": 0.218287,
      "label": "Racial index, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 4291,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.539332,
      "conf_low": 0.31314,
      "estimate": 0.426236,
      "label": "Immigration item, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1934,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.380208,
      "conf_low": 0.236561,
      "estimate": 0.308384,
      "label": "Immigration item, ANES 2016 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 4292,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.127131,
      "conf_low": -0.18365,
      "estimate": -0.0282598,
      "label": "Economic index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 1724,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.0829211,
      "conf_low": -0.158833,
      "estimate": -0.0379561,
      "label": "Economic index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 2278,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.250943,
      "conf_low": -0.0209935,
      "estimate": 0.114975,
      "label": "Cultural index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 2541,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.278482,
      "conf_low": 0.0158873,
      "estimate": 0.147185,
      "label": "Cultural index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 1952,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.441855,
      "conf_low": 0.146462,
      "estimate": 0.294159,
      "label": "Racial index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "In person",
      "n": 2177,
      "panel": "issue"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.398494,
      "conf_low": 0.176558,
      "estimate": 0.287526,
      "label": "Racial index, GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "mode": "Web",
      "n": 2782,
      "panel": "issue"
    }
  ],
  "id": "mode_check",
  "notes": [
    "The ANES has no mode weights for 2020, so 2020 has no row. The panel and paper group uses the full-sample weight and appears for 2024 only, because in 2012 and 2016 every respondent is in a mode group. A cell needs at least 100 respondents and a Kish effective sample size of at least 100; cells below that are left out.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from the Kish effective sample size; they treat the weighted sample as a random sample and ignore the stages of the sample design.",
    "In the issue view each mode is standardized within itself, and the GSS in-person and web groups exclude the small residual interview modes."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 2012, 2016 and 2024; weighted (mode weights weight_ftf and weight_web); General Social Survey, 2022 and 2024; weighted (weight_use)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "In person": "cat1",
      "Panel and paper": "cat3",
      "Web": "cat2"
    },
    "group": "mode",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No gap",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -30,
      50
    ],
    "xLabel": "Graduate minus other respondents (points)",
    "y": "label"
  },
  "subtitle": "ANES graduate gap in the vote and in party identification by interview mode, 2012, 2016 and 2024, points (button: issue gaps by mode, standard deviations); 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "panel",
        "label": "View"
      },
      {
        "key": "label",
        "label": "Row"
      },
      {
        "key": "mode",
        "label": "Mode"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Gap"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "95% CI low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "95% CI high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "n respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The vote gap rose after 2012 in both interview modes, and the in-person estimates are the larger ones in 2016 and 2024",
  "type": "dot",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "panel": "vote"
      },
      "id": "vote",
      "label": "Vote and party identification"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "panel": "issue"
      },
      "id": "issue",
      "label": "Issue gaps",
      "spec": {
        "xDomain": [
          -0.5,
          0.8
        ],
        "xLabel": "Graduate minus other respondents (standard deviations; positive = more liberal answers among graduates)"
      },
      "title": "Respondents interviewed in person show larger issue gaps than respondents interviewed on the web in the ANES, and the two GSS modes give similar gaps"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}