{
  "alt": "Dot chart with two panels and interval lines. The top panel shows the rise in the party gap between an earlier and a later period within one interview mode: {fact:step_anes_1620} points for the ANES from 2016 to 2020, {fact:step_anes_web16_20} points for ANES web respondents in 2016 against all respondents in 2020, {fact:step_gss_ftf} points for GSS in-person respondents and {fact:step_gss_web} points for GSS web respondents; every interval is above zero. The bottom panel shows the web minus in-person gap in the same study: {fact:mode_diff_2012} points in the 2012 ANES, {fact:mode_diff_2016} in 2016, {fact:mode_diff_2024} in 2024 and {fact:mode_diff_gss} in the GSS for 2022 and 2024 combined; every interval includes zero.",
  "caption": "Every rise in the top panel is above zero and the intervals share a range. In the bottom panel the web minus in-person differences change sign and every interval includes zero, but the intervals are wide. Dots are estimates and lines are 95% confidence intervals. The GSS rows compare 2018 (in person) or 2021 (web) with the 2022 and 2024 surveys combined, the ANES web row compares web respondents in 2016 with all respondents in 2020, and the 2024 ANES row uses only the newly recruited in-person and web samples.",
  "data": [
    {
      "compares": "2016 (all respondents), then 2020",
      "comparison": "ANES 2016 to 2020",
      "conf_high": 19.8059,
      "conf_low": 10.6186,
      "estimate": 15.2122,
      "first_high": 36.5531,
      "first_low": 29.2314,
      "gap_first": 32.8923,
      "gap_second": 48.1045,
      "n": 10632,
      "panel": "Change in the party gap within one mode",
      "second_high": 50.8793,
      "second_low": 45.3296
    },
    {
      "compares": "2016 (web respondents), then 2020 (all respondents)",
      "comparison": "ANES web only",
      "conf_high": 21.9946,
      "conf_low": 11.7446,
      "estimate": 16.8696,
      "first_high": 35.5437,
      "first_low": 26.9261,
      "gap_first": 31.2349,
      "gap_second": 48.1045,
      "n": 9602,
      "panel": "Change in the party gap within one mode",
      "second_high": 50.8793,
      "second_low": 45.3296
    },
    {
      "compares": "2018 (in person), then 2022 and 2024 combined (in person)",
      "comparison": "GSS in person",
      "conf_high": 26.0168,
      "conf_low": 3.71228,
      "estimate": 14.8645,
      "first_high": 38.9671,
      "first_low": 24.1904,
      "gap_first": 31.5788,
      "gap_second": 46.4433,
      "n": 1954,
      "panel": "Change in the party gap within one mode",
      "second_high": 54.797,
      "second_low": 38.0895
    },
    {
      "compares": "2021 (web), then 2022 and 2024 combined (web)",
      "comparison": "GSS web",
      "conf_high": 24.189,
      "conf_low": 4.05085,
      "estimate": 14.1199,
      "first_high": 46.0576,
      "first_low": 30.9341,
      "gap_first": 38.4958,
      "gap_second": 52.6158,
      "n": 2148,
      "panel": "Change in the party gap within one mode",
      "second_high": 59.2646,
      "second_low": 45.967
    },
    {
      "compares": "In person, then web",
      "comparison": "ANES 2012",
      "conf_high": 13.7667,
      "conf_low": -1.25083,
      "estimate": 6.25791,
      "first_high": 32.1259,
      "first_low": 19.7867,
      "gap_first": 25.9563,
      "gap_second": 32.2142,
      "n": 5068,
      "panel": "Web minus in-person party gap, same study",
      "second_high": 36.494,
      "second_low": 27.9344
    },
    {
      "compares": "In person, then web",
      "comparison": "ANES 2016",
      "conf_high": 2.06172,
      "conf_low": -14.2708,
      "estimate": -6.10452,
      "first_high": 44.2764,
      "first_low": 30.4024,
      "gap_first": 37.3394,
      "gap_second": 31.2349,
      "n": 3630,
      "panel": "Web minus in-person party gap, same study",
      "second_high": 35.5437,
      "second_low": 26.9261
    },
    {
      "compares": "In person, then web",
      "comparison": "ANES 2024",
      "conf_high": 10.7314,
      "conf_low": -7.54579,
      "estimate": 1.59281,
      "first_high": 59.7416,
      "first_low": 44.7604,
      "gap_first": 52.251,
      "gap_second": 53.8438,
      "n": 2714,
      "panel": "Web minus in-person party gap, same study",
      "second_high": 59.0788,
      "second_low": 48.6088
    },
    {
      "compares": "In person, then web",
      "comparison": "GSS 2022 and 2024",
      "conf_high": 16.8492,
      "conf_low": -4.50417,
      "estimate": 6.1725,
      "first_high": 54.797,
      "first_low": 38.0895,
      "gap_first": 46.4433,
      "gap_second": 52.6158,
      "n": 2102,
      "panel": "Web minus in-person party gap, same study",
      "second_high": 59.2646,
      "second_low": 45.967
    }
  ],
  "id": "mode_check",
  "notes": [
    "The 2020 ANES study has no separate weights by mode, so it has no row in the bottom panel.",
    "The GSS rows combine 2022 and 2024 because one year alone leaves too few in-person or web respondents in each party."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024, and General Social Survey, 2018 to 2024; weighted (weight_ftf and weight_web, the ANES weights for each mode; weight_use)",
  "spec": {
    "facet": "panel",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -20,
      30
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Change or difference (percentage points)",
    "y": "comparison"
  },
  "subtitle": "Democratic minus Republican gap in saying yes: change within one interview mode (top) and web minus in-person difference in the same study (bottom); leaners included; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "panel",
        "label": "Panel"
      },
      {
        "key": "comparison",
        "label": "Comparison"
      },
      {
        "key": "compares",
        "label": "Gaps compared"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_first",
        "label": "First gap (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "first_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "first_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_second",
        "label": "Second gap (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "second_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "second_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Second minus first (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The party gap rose by similar amounts within each mode",
  "type": "dot",
  "width": "body"
}