{
  "alt": "Line chart with five lines, one per birth cohort from 1927 to 1942 through 1991 or later, of the party gap by ANES year. In each year the cohort lines lie close together. The cohort born 1943 to 1958 has a gap of {fact:coh_y_4358_2020} points in 2020, and the cohort born 1991 or later, drawn from 2020, has {fact:coh_y_91_2020} points in the same year. Of {fact:n_coh_pairs} same-year comparisons between two cohorts, {fact:n_coh_pairs_excl} have an interval that excludes zero, all with the oldest cohort.",
  "caption": "The cohort lines lie close together in every survey year. Of {fact:n_coh_pairs} same-year comparisons between two cohorts, {fact:n_coh_pairs_excl} have an interval that excludes zero, all in 1986, 1988 and 1994 and all with the cohort born 1927 to 1942 lower. Each line follows one birth cohort, and the shaded band marks the change in ANES survey mode between 2016 and 2020.",
  "data": [
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 14.1485,
      "lower": 3.51486,
      "n": 315,
      "upper": 24.7821,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 0.0250313,
      "lower": -9.43084,
      "n": 405,
      "upper": 9.48091,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": -2.02765,
      "lower": -12.2189,
      "n": 372,
      "upper": 8.16364,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": -3.39976,
      "lower": -13.247,
      "n": 367,
      "upper": 6.44745,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 4.78769,
      "lower": -5.74989,
      "n": 323,
      "upper": 15.3253,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 9.21071,
      "lower": -0.42321,
      "n": 395,
      "upper": 18.8446,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 3.4527,
      "lower": -7.80359,
      "n": 318,
      "upper": 14.709,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 12.3197,
      "lower": 1.16601,
      "n": 305,
      "upper": 23.4733,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 19.3456,
      "lower": 7.63612,
      "n": 274,
      "upper": 31.055,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 29.8656,
      "lower": 20.0226,
      "n": 576,
      "upper": 39.7086,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1927-42",
      "estimate": 48.9919,
      "lower": 38.1936,
      "n": 456,
      "upper": 59.7902,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 11.4439,
      "lower": 2.33718,
      "n": 465,
      "upper": 20.5506,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 0.049995,
      "lower": -9.9742,
      "n": 420,
      "upper": 10.0742,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 9.75784,
      "lower": 2.35841,
      "n": 688,
      "upper": 17.1573,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 6.89655,
      "lower": -0.547107,
      "n": 696,
      "upper": 14.3402,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 9.08466,
      "lower": 1.59101,
      "n": 630,
      "upper": 16.5783,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 5.06622,
      "lower": -3.63827,
      "n": 537,
      "upper": 13.7707,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 18.5012,
      "lower": 11.0503,
      "n": 688,
      "upper": 25.9522,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 9.8576,
      "lower": 0.0455995,
      "n": 468,
      "upper": 19.6696,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 19.7656,
      "lower": 9.92479,
      "n": 467,
      "upper": 29.6064,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 25.2669,
      "lower": 14.3461,
      "n": 358,
      "upper": 36.1877,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 20.6386,
      "lower": 10.9968,
      "n": 481,
      "upper": 30.2803,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 24.5432,
      "lower": 12.2462,
      "n": 274,
      "upper": 36.8402,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 31.4117,
      "lower": 25.3236,
      "n": 1650,
      "upper": 37.4999,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 35.5166,
      "lower": 28.7052,
      "n": 1001,
      "upper": 42.328,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 49.6214,
      "lower": 44.4579,
      "n": 1912,
      "upper": 54.785,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1943-58",
      "estimate": 48.8179,
      "lower": 41.8011,
      "n": 1211,
      "upper": 55.8348,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 11.5503,
      "lower": 0.211576,
      "n": 278,
      "upper": 22.889,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 15.4024,
      "lower": 4.91126,
      "n": 328,
      "upper": 25.8936,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 3.15578,
      "lower": -6.97118,
      "n": 365,
      "upper": 13.2827,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 4.79109,
      "lower": -4.04266,
      "n": 485,
      "upper": 13.6248,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 17.1166,
      "lower": 9.24391,
      "n": 611,
      "upper": 24.9892,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 23.2997,
      "lower": 13.6769,
      "n": 472,
      "upper": 32.9225,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 15.8904,
      "lower": 5.79223,
      "n": 464,
      "upper": 25.9886,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 12.5727,
      "lower": 1.07171,
      "n": 317,
      "upper": 24.0737,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 23.1491,
      "lower": 13.7955,
      "n": 491,
      "upper": 32.5027,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 16.1345,
      "lower": 3.19357,
      "n": 252,
      "upper": 29.0755,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": null,
      "lower": null,
      "n": null,
      "upper": null,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 25.4046,
      "lower": 18.5741,
      "n": 1391,
      "upper": 32.235,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 29.3152,
      "lower": 22.166,
      "n": 936,
      "upper": 36.4644,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 47.9986,
      "lower": 42.7147,
      "n": 1789,
      "upper": 53.2825,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1959-74",
      "estimate": 52.639,
      "lower": 45.861,
      "n": 1227,
      "upper": 59.4169,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1975-90",
      "estimate": 31.5935,
      "lower": 24.2799,
      "n": 1174,
      "upper": 38.9071,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1975-90",
      "estimate": 35.0437,
      "lower": 27.9223,
      "n": 942,
      "upper": 42.1652,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1975-90",
      "estimate": 44.8923,
      "lower": 39.5289,
      "n": 1782,
      "upper": 50.2556,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "cohort": "1975-90",
      "estimate": 53.5951,
      "lower": 46.7978,
      "n": 1212,
      "upper": 60.3924,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "cohort": "After 1990",
      "estimate": 46.9209,
      "lower": 38.0334,
      "n": 801,
      "upper": 55.8084,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "cohort": "After 1990",
      "estimate": 53.6213,
      "lower": 45.1502,
      "n": 697,
      "upper": 62.0923,
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "gap_by_cohort",
  "notes": [
    "Intervals are not drawn because five overlapping bands cannot be read; the 95% confidence intervals are in the data table.",
    "Cohort-year cells are drawn only where each party has at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100, so the cohort born 1975 to 1990 begins in 2012 and the cohort born 1991 or later in 2020. A line breaks where a cohort's cell was left out."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1980-2024; weighted (VCF0009z, which equals 1 for every respondent from 1980 to 1990)",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "No gap",
        "type": "y-rule",
        "y": 0
      },
      {
        "label": "ANES mode change",
        "type": "band",
        "x1": 2016,
        "x2": 2020
      }
    ],
    "n": "n",
    "series": "cohort",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1978,
      2026
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      -10,
      60
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "yLabel": "Gap (percentage points)"
  },
  "subtitle": "ANES Democratic minus Republican share saying abortion should always be allowed, by birth cohort (years of birth); party identifiers including leaners; 95% intervals in the data table",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "cohort",
        "label": "Birth cohort"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Gap (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "lower",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "upper",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Birth cohorts have similar party gaps in each year",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "wide"
}