{
  "age_adult_min": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "lowest age in the sample",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_old_min": {
    "display": "55",
    "estimand": "lowest age of the older group",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 55,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_young_max": {
    "display": "34",
    "estimand": "highest age of the young group",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 34,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_young_min": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "lowest age of the young group",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "alb_all4": {
    "ci": [
      35.9,
      43.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "39.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling all four ways of governing good",
    "n": 688,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1998",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in Albania who answered all four political-system items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 39.5349,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_all4_med": {
    "display": "2.9%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share calling all four ways of governing good",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "median across the 39 other countries of the fixed set",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 2.88066,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_all4_next": {
    "display": "24.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling all four ways of governing good",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "the country of the fixed set with the highest share after Albania (Brazil)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 24.6829,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_army3": {
    "ci": [
      79.4,
      84.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 871,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1998",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in Albania",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 81.9747,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_army4": {
    "ci": [
      9.5,
      13.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 908,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2002",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in Albania",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 11.5639,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_vg3": {
    "ci": [
      39.2,
      45.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share rating both army rule and a democratic system very good",
    "n": 844,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1998",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in Albania who answered the army-rule and democratic-system items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 42.5355,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_vg5": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share rating both army rule and a democratic system very good",
    "n": 1255,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in Albania who answered the army-rule and democratic-system items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 1.24543,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "alb_w4_year": {
    "display": "2002",
    "estimand": "year of fieldwork",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2002",
    "population": "Albania, Wave 4",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "year",
    "value": 2002,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "alt3": {
    "ci": [
      28.4,
      38
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.2%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic system good and at least one of a strong leader and army rule good",
    "n": 45779,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 33.1944,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "alt7": {
    "ci": [
      37.9,
      51
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.5%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic system good and at least one of a strong leader and army rule good",
    "n": 59782,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 44.4788,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "alt_chg": {
    "ci": [
      6.7,
      15.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+11.3",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic system good and at least one of a strong leader and army rule good",
    "n": 105561,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.2844,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army3": {
    "ci": [
      9.7,
      16.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.0%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 50168,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 13.0395,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army5": {
    "ci": [
      11.5,
      18.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.2%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 67524,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 15.1572,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army7": {
    "ci": [
      15.8,
      25.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.7%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 63635,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 20.6582,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army_chg": {
    "ci": [
      3.7,
      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 113803,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.61864,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army_chg_35": {
    "ci": [
      -0.2,
      4.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.1",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 117692,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 5",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.11763,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army_chg_57": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 131159,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.50101,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army_chg_alb": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      11.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.8",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 116051,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 40 countries of the fixed set with Albania, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.80469,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "army_rise": {
    "ci": [
      3.7,
      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the rise in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 113803,
    "note": "The same estimate as army_chg, printed without a sign.",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.61864,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "chg_army_o": {
    "ci": [
      -0.4,
      9.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 29283,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.5378,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "chg_army_y": {
    "ci": [
      5.4,
      14.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+10.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 29621,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.97523,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "chg_lead_o": {
    "ci": [
      -1,
      9.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.1",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 29082,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.06495,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "chg_lead_y": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      16.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+11.1",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 29420,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.0514,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "coh_lead_c7": {
    "ci": [
      40.4,
      55.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.0%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country for respondents born 1987 or later",
    "n": 11332,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 47.984,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "const_w3": {
    "display": "32",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set whose survey gives every respondent the same weight",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 32,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "const_w5": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set whose survey gives every respondent the same weight",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "const_w7": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set whose survey gives every respondent the same weight",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "dem3": {
    "ci": [
      86.1,
      90.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "88.5%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 49767,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 88.4892,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem5": {
    "ci": [
      86.6,
      90.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "88.4%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 67236,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 88.4432,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem7": {
    "ci": [
      87.7,
      91.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "89.7%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 64440,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 89.716,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -1,
      3.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.2",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 114207,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.22679,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem_chg_35": {
    "ci": [
      -2.3,
      2.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 117003,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 5",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.0459739,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem_chg_57": {
    "ci": [
      -0.6,
      3.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.3",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 131676,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.27277,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dem_chg_lo_abs": {
    "display": "1.0",
    "estimand": "size of the average fall at the lower end of the 95% interval for the change in the share calling a democratic system good",
    "note": "Positive number: the lower end of the interval is a fall of this size.",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.981789,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "dmc_med": {
    "display": "6.08",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted mean rating of how democratically the country is governed",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 92 countries surveyed in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "points on the 1 to 10 scale",
    "value": 6.08259,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "dmc_us": {
    "display": "6.05",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating of how democratically the country is governed",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "points on the 1 to 10 scale",
    "value": 6.05201,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "down_army": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "down_dem": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "down_lead": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "ess_elec_f2f": {
    "ci": [
      -0.15,
      0.41
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.13",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean rating of how far elections are free and fair in the country",
    "n": 61860,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 0.129091,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_chg_abs": {
    "ci": [
      0.27,
      0.99
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.63",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the fall in the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 91003,
    "note": "Positive number: a fall of this size.",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 24 countries with every item in ESS Rounds 6 and 10, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 0.627849,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_f2f": {
    "ci": [
      -0.72,
      -0.04
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.38",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 62171,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": -0.377621,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_f2f_abs": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.38",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the fall in the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 62171,
    "note": "Positive number: a fall of this size.",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 0.377621,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_f2f_down": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "ESS countries in the set that kept face-to-face interviews, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in the media-freedom rating",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "ess_media_f2f_r10": {
    "display": "6.83",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 29724,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 10 (2020 to 2022)",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 6.82858,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_f2f_r6": {
    "display": "7.21",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 32447,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 (2012 to 2013)",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 7.2062,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_media_self": {
    "ci": [
      -2.38,
      -0.38
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.38",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean rating of how far the media are free to criticize the government applies in the country",
    "n": 28832,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 6 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were self-completion, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": -1.37854,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_min_f2f": {
    "ci": [
      -0.11,
      0.39
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean rating of how far minority rights are protected in the country",
    "n": 61190,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 0.140555,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_sat_f2f": {
    "ci": [
      0.11,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.39",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean satisfaction with the way democracy works in the country",
    "n": 62249,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": 0.391531,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_sat_self": {
    "ci": [
      -1.53,
      0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.68",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean satisfaction with the way democracy works in the country",
    "n": 29158,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 6 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were self-completion, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": -0.684321,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ess_say_f2f": {
    "ci": [
      -0.37,
      0.21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.08",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the mean rating of how far citizens have the final say through voting in the country",
    "n": 61064,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 6 to Round 10",
    "population": "adults in the 18 ESS countries of the set whose Round 10 interviews were face-to-face, equal weight per country",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 10 scale",
    "value": -0.0798897,
    "weights": "weight (anweight) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "exp3": {
    "ci": [
      56.1,
      66
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "61.0%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling experts making decisions a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 47936,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 61.0395,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "exp7": {
    "ci": [
      58.8,
      69
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "63.9%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling experts making decisions a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 62657,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 63.9228,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "exp_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -1.3,
      7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling experts making decisions a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 110593,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.88334,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "exp_vs_lead_abs": {
    "ci": [
      1.3,
      12.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share calling a strong leader good minus the change in the share calling experts making decisions good",
    "n": 110593,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.00386,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "floor_neff": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "minimum Kish effective sample size of a country cell (b3.stats.FLOORS wvs_ess_mean)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "effective respondents",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "floor_sub": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "minimum size of a country cell for an age group, cohort or left-right group (b3.stats.FLOORS subgroup_year)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "respondents and effective respondents",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "fw_army": {
    "ci": [
      1.1,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 50559,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 17 countries observed in every wave from 3 to 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.35489,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "fw_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -3.1,
      5.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.1",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 50703,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 17 countries observed in every wave from 3 to 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.08367,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "fw_lead": {
    "ci": [
      2.8,
      20
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+11.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 50021,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 17 countries observed in every wave from 3 to 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.4195,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_army3_abs": {
    "ci": [
      1.7,
      4.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.2",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 55 or older minus that among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 40439,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.22167,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_army7": {
    "ci": [
      -0.5,
      4.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.2",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 51485,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.21577,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_dem7": {
    "ci": [
      -2.6,
      0
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.3",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 51979,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.27451,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_exp7": {
    "ci": [
      1.8,
      9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling experts making decisions a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 50829,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.3652,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_lead3_abs": {
    "ci": [
      3.6,
      9.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among adults aged 55 or older minus that among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 39946,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.62236,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gap_lead7": {
    "ci": [
      -1.9,
      2.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older",
    "n": 51421,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.36405,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gapchg_army": {
    "ci": [
      2.1,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the gap between adults aged 18 to 34 and adults aged 55 or older in the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 58904,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.43743,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gapchg_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -3.1,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the gap between adults aged 18 to 34 and adults aged 55 or older in the share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 58931,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.36343,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "gapchg_lead": {
    "ci": [
      3.8,
      10.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the gap between adults aged 18 to 34 and adults aged 55 or older in the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 58502,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 30 countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.98641,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp5": {
    "ci": [
      46.5,
      54.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "50.6%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) to the importance of living in a democracy",
    "n": 62332,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 46 countries with the importance question in Waves 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 50.5737,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp7": {
    "ci": [
      48.9,
      57.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "53.2%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) to the importance of living in a democracy",
    "n": 85854,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 46 countries with the importance question in Waves 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 53.2233,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -1,
      6.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share giving the top rating on the importance question",
    "n": 148186,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 46 countries with the importance question in Waves 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.64955,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_cohb5": {
    "ci": [
      39.6,
      48.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.2%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question for respondents born 1978 to 1986",
    "n": 9803,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 44.1841,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_cohb7": {
    "ci": [
      46.8,
      56.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "51.6%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question for respondents born 1978 to 1986",
    "n": 11913,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 51.5512,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_cohb_chg": {
    "ci": [
      2.8,
      12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share giving the top rating on the importance question for respondents born 1978 to 1986",
    "n": 21716,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.36707,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_cohc7": {
    "ci": [
      41.9,
      50.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.4%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question for respondents born 1987 or later",
    "n": 16196,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 46.3818,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_gap5_abs": {
    "ci": [
      3.5,
      10.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question among adults aged 55 or older minus that among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 51271,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.93012,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_gap7_abs": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question among adults aged 55 or older minus that among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 72171,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.47772,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_gapchg": {
    "ci": [
      -5.7,
      0.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the gap between adults aged 18 to 34 and adults aged 55 or older in the share giving the top rating on the importance question",
    "n": 123442,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -2.5476,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_same_age": {
    "ci": [
      -2.1,
      6.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.2",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share giving the top rating on the importance question for respondents born 1987 or later in Wave 7 minus that for respondents born 1978 to 1986 in Wave 5",
    "n": 25999,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 and Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.19763,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_y5": {
    "ci": [
      40.8,
      49.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "45.1%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 18201,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 45.1404,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_y7": {
    "ci": [
      42.5,
      51.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.0%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 19664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 46.9745,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "imp_y_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -2.2,
      5.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.8",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the share giving the top rating on the importance question among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 37865,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 37 countries with every importance cell above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.83412,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "in_army": {
    "display": "14",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 14,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "in_dem": {
    "display": "11",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 11,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "in_lead": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "jump_cut": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "size of a change between adjacent waves that only Albania reaches among the countries of the set",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "k_ess": {
    "display": "24",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Rounds 6 and 10",
    "population": "ESS countries with every item above the floor in Rounds 6 and 10",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 24,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_ess_f2f": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 10 (2020 to 2022)",
    "population": "ESS countries in the set that kept face-to-face interviews in Round 10",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_ess_self": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 10 (2020 to 2022)",
    "population": "ESS countries in the set that switched to self-completion in Round 10",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_ess_switch_all": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of countries named in the ESS data-release note",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Round 10 (2020 to 2022)",
    "population": "ESS countries that switched to self-completion in Round 10 (ESS data-release note, December 2022)",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_five": {
    "display": "17",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 3 to 7",
    "population": "countries with every political-system item above the floor in every wave from 3 to 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 17,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_imp": {
    "display": "46",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 5 and 7",
    "population": "countries with the importance question above the floor in Waves 5 and 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 46,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_imp_sub": {
    "display": "37",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 5 and 7",
    "population": "countries with every importance cell above the floor",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 37,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_lr": {
    "display": "73",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a left group and a right group above the floor",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 73,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_lr_army": {
    "display": "71",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a left group and a right group above the floor on the army-rule item",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 71,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_others": {
    "display": "38",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 3, 5 and 7",
    "population": "the countries of the fixed set other than the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_panel": {
    "display": "39",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 3, 5 and 7",
    "population": "countries with every political-system item above the floor in Waves 3, 5 and 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 39,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_same": {
    "display": "14",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 and Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set whose survey program (WVS or EVS) with the most respondents is the same in Wave 3 and Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 14,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_sub": {
    "display": "30",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 3, 5 and 7",
    "population": "countries with every age-group and cohort cell above the floor",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 30,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_sw": {
    "display": "25",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 and Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set whose survey program changed from WVS in Wave 3 to EVS in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 25,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_xs7": {
    "display": "92",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries surveyed in Wave 7 with an effective sample at or above the floor",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 92,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "k_xs7_army": {
    "display": "90",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries surveyed in Wave 7 with an effective sample at or above the floor on the army-rule item",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 90,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "lead3": {
    "ci": [
      32.9,
      43.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38.2%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 49235,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 38.1638,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead5": {
    "ci": [
      35.4,
      47.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "41.5%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 66325,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 (2004 to 2009)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 41.4716,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead7": {
    "ci": [
      41.1,
      55
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.1%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 63671,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 48.051,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead_chg": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      14.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+9.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 112906,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.8872,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead_chg_35": {
    "ci": [
      -0.6,
      7.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.3",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 115560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 5",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.30781,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead_chg_57": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      9.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 129996,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 5 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.57939,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lead_rise": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      14.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the rise in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 112906,
    "note": "The same estimate as lead_chg, printed without a sign.",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.8872,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lr_army": {
    "ci": [
      2.7,
      6.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among the right group (placements 7 to 10) minus that among the left group (placements 1 to 4)",
    "n": 61267,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the 71 countries with both groups above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.54482,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lr_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -1.6,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country among the right group (placements 7 to 10) minus that among the left group (placements 1 to 4)",
    "n": 63522,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the 73 countries with both groups above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.601544,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lr_lead": {
    "ci": [
      4.9,
      9.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.1",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among the right group (placements 7 to 10) minus that among the left group (placements 1 to 4)",
    "n": 62897,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the 73 countries with both groups above the floor, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.10015,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "lr_lead_down": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose difference has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a left group and a right group above the floor, each judged by its own 95% interval for the right minus left difference in approval of a strong leader",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "lr_lead_in": {
    "display": "32",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose difference has an interval that includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a left group and a right group above the floor, each judged by its own 95% interval for the right minus left difference in approval of a strong leader",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 32,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "lr_lead_up": {
    "display": "38",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose difference has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a left group and a right group above the floor, each judged by its own 95% interval for the right minus left difference in approval of a strong leader",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "lr_left_max": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "highest placement counted as left",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "position on the 1 to 10 left-right scale",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "lr_missing_med": {
    "display": "13.5%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share who did not place themselves on the left-right scale",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older, median across the countries surveyed in Wave 7 that asked the left-right question",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 13.4719,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "lr_missing_us": {
    "display": "2.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who did not place themselves on the left-right scale",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 2.27273,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "lr_right_min": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "lowest placement counted as right",
    "note": "",
    "period": "not applicable",
    "population": "definition used in the chapter",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "position on the 1 to 10 left-right scale",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "nod3": {
    "ci": [
      9.1,
      13.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.5%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share not calling a democratic system good",
    "n": 45779,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 11.4667,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "nod7": {
    "ci": [
      8.5,
      12.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.6%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share not calling a democratic system good",
    "n": 59782,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 10.6166,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "nod_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -3.1,
      1.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share not calling a democratic system good",
    "n": 105561,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.85012,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "only3": {
    "ci": [
      49.7,
      61
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "55.3%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 45779,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 (1995 to 1998)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 55.3389,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "only7": {
    "ci": [
      37.4,
      52.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.9%",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 59782,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 44.9047,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "only_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -15.8,
      -5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−10.4",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 105561,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -10.4342,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "only_chg_alb": {
    "ci": [
      -15,
      -2.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.9",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 107652,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 40 countries of the fixed set with Albania, equal weight per country, who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.8627,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "only_down": {
    "display": "24",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own interval for the change in the democracy-only share",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 24,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "only_up": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own interval for the change in the democracy-only share",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "oth_dem_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -0.8,
      3.6
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 114207,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 38 other countries of the fixed set, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
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    "value": 1.40697,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "prog_diff_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -10.1,
      -2.4
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    "display": "−6.2",
    "estimand": "difference between the two groups of the equal-weight mean change in the share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country (Welch interval)",
    "n": 114207,
    "note": "",
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    "population": "countries whose survey program stayed the same minus countries whose program switched",
    "source": "wvs",
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    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "prog_same_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -5.6,
      0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.8",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 39829,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 14 countries whose survey program stayed the same between Wave 3 and Wave 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -2.75208,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "prog_same_lead": {
    "ci": [
      7.9,
      24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+16.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 38981,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 14 countries whose survey program stayed the same between Wave 3 and Wave 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
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    "value": 15.9634,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "prog_sw_dem": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      6.2
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 74378,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 25 countries whose survey program switched between Wave 3 and Wave 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
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    "value": 3.45496,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "prog_sw_lead": {
    "ci": [
      0.2,
      12.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.5",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 73925,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 25 countries whose survey program switched between Wave 3 and Wave 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.48452,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "ratio_med": {
    "display": "11.0",
    "estimand": "median across the fixed-set estimates of the country-clustered standard error over the standard error that counts only within-country sampling",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Waves 3, 5 and 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "ratio of interval widths",
    "value": 11.0277,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "unw_army": {
    "ci": [
      3.2,
      10.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.0",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the unweighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 113803,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country (unweighted within country)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.98107,
    "weights": "none (unweighted within country); equal weight per country"
  },
  "unw_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -0.6,
      3.7
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.6",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the unweighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 114207,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country (unweighted within country)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.55376,
    "weights": "none (unweighted within country); equal weight per country"
  },
  "unw_lead": {
    "ci": [
      3.9,
      13.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.8",
    "estimand": "equal-weight mean across countries of the change in the unweighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 112906,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the 39 countries observed in Waves 3, 5 and 7, equal weight per country (unweighted within country)",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.83538,
    "weights": "none (unweighted within country); equal weight per country"
  },
  "up_army": {
    "display": "22",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 22,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "up_dem": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "up_lead": {
    "display": "25",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose change has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set, each judged by its own 95% interval for the change in calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 25,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "us_age_army_gap17": {
    "ci": [
      12.3,
      21.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+17.1",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1658,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 17.0752,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_age_army_gap95": {
    "ci": [
      -2.5,
      4.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.1",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among adults aged 18 to 34 minus that among adults aged 55 or older; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 938,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.06904,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_army17": {
    "ci": [
      18.9,
      22.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 2528,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 20.9108,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_army95": {
    "ci": [
      5.1,
      8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 1476,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 6.57708,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_dem11": {
    "ci": [
      80.4,
      84.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 2164,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2011",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 82.3192,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_dem17": {
    "ci": [
      83.2,
      86.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "85.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 2509,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 84.9784,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_dem95": {
    "ci": [
      88.9,
      92.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "90.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 1433,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 90.5983,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_dem_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -8.1,
      -3.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.6",
    "estimand": "weighted share in 2017 minus 1995; independent samples, standard errors combined",
    "n": 3942,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -5.61987,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_dem_fewer": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set other than the United States with a larger fall in the share calling a democratic system good",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "us_imp_gap17_abs": {
    "ci": [
      29.8,
      41.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.5",
    "estimand": "weighted share giving the top rating (10) on the importance question among adults aged 55 or older minus that among adults aged 18 to 34",
    "n": 1677,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 35.5249,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lead17": {
    "ci": [
      35.6,
      40.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 2541,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 38.0637,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lead95": {
    "ci": [
      22.4,
      27.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 1441,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 24.9039,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_army": {
    "ci": [
      8.6,
      17.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+13.2",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1644,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.204,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_army95": {
    "ci": [
      -4.7,
      3.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.7",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 623,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.672615,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -11.1,
      -3.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.1",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1633,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.14737,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_dem95": {
    "ci": [
      -6,
      4.1
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 618,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.946724,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_lead": {
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      10.4,
      22
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+16.2",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1649,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 16.2253,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_lead95": {
    "ci": [
      -6.7,
      7.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.6",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country among the right group minus that among the left group; independent groups, standard errors combined",
    "n": 614,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults placing themselves on the left-right scale in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.595516,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_lr_lead_more": {
    "display": "12",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "countries in Wave 7 with a larger right minus left difference in approval of a strong leader than the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 12,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "us_only17": {
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      54.1
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "51.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 2479,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
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    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
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  "us_only95": {
    "ci": [
      65.4,
      71
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "68.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic system good and neither a strong leader nor army rule good",
    "n": 1370,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 68.1826,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_only_chg": {
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      -20.4,
      -12.9
    ],
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    "display": "−16.7",
    "estimand": "weighted share in 2017 minus 1995; independent samples, standard errors combined",
    "n": 3849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States who answered the democratic-system, strong-leader and army items",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -16.6579,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_only_rank": {
    "display": "11",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "countries of the fixed set other than the United States with a larger fall in the democracy-only share",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "countries",
    "value": 11,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "us_young_army06": {
    "ci": [
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      23.4
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 296,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 18.0706,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_army11": {
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      27.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 510,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2011",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 23.4675,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_army17": {
    "ci": [
      26.3,
      33.6
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "29.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 951,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 29.9476,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_army95": {
    "ci": [
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      10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 390,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 7.14052,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_army99": {
    "ci": [
      8,
      14.3
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 409,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1999",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 11.1459,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_army_chg": {
    "ci": [
      18.1,
      27.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+22.8",
    "estimand": "weighted share in 2017 minus 1995 calling army rule a good way of governing the country; independent samples, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1341,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 22.8071,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_dem17": {
    "ci": [
      74.4,
      81
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "77.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 947,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 77.7265,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_dem95": {
    "ci": [
      83.8,
      91.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "87.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 372,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 87.5998,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "us_young_dem_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -14.9,
      -4.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.9",
    "estimand": "weighted share in 2017 minus 1995 calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country; independent samples, standard errors combined",
    "n": 1319,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1995 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 34 in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.87323,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "vs_army": {
    "ci": [
      2.3,
      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.9",
    "estimand": "United States change minus the equal-weight mean change of the other countries (standard errors combined) in the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 117807,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "United States against the 38 other countries of the fixed set",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.89181,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "vs_army_alb": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      14.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.7",
    "estimand": "United States change minus the equal-weight mean change of the other countries (standard errors combined) in the share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 120055,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "United States against the 39 other countries of the fixed set with Albania",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.74774,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "vs_dem": {
    "ci": [
      -10.3,
      -3.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.0",
    "estimand": "United States change minus the equal-weight mean change of the other countries (standard errors combined) in the share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 118149,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "United States against the 38 other countries of the fixed set",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.02684,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "vs_exp": {
    "ci": [
      7.9,
      19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+13.5",
    "estimand": "United States change minus the equal-weight mean change of the other countries (standard errors combined) in the share calling experts making decisions a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 114555,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "United States against the 38 other countries of the fixed set",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.4805,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "vs_lead": {
    "ci": [
      -2.7,
      9.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.4",
    "estimand": "United States change minus the equal-weight mean change of the other countries (standard errors combined) in the share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "n": 116888,
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 3 to Wave 7",
    "population": "United States against the 38 other countries of the fixed set",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.35877,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country; equal weight per country across countries"
  },
  "xs_army_med": {
    "display": "20.3%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share calling army rule a good way of governing the country",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 90 countries surveyed in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 20.3064,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "xs_dem_med": {
    "display": "90.5%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share calling a democratic political system a good way of governing the country",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 92 countries surveyed in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 90.5497,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "xs_imp_med": {
    "display": "50.2%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share giving the top rating (10) to the importance of living in a democracy",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 92 countries surveyed in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 50.1871,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "xs_imp_us": {
    "ci": [
      47.4,
      52.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "49.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share giving the top rating (10) to the importance of living in a democracy",
    "n": 2552,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 or older in the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 49.8724,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "xs_lead_gap": {
    "display": "13.6",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country minus the United States share",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 92 countries surveyed in Wave 7 minus the United States",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.632,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  },
  "xs_lead_med": {
    "display": "51.7%",
    "estimand": "median across countries of the weighted share calling a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections a good way of governing the country",
    "note": "",
    "period": "Wave 7 (2017 to 2023)",
    "population": "median across the 92 countries surveyed in Wave 7",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "percent of respondents",
    "value": 51.6958,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within country"
  }
}