{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with one row per attitude and sample, plotting years on a survey-year axis. For abortion the open dot is at {fact:abortion_point} and the solid dot at {fact:abortion_bound}, with a thin bar from {fact:abortion_upper}; for religion the dots are at {fact:religion_point} and {fact:religion_bound}, with a bar from {fact:religion_upper}; racial resentment is drawn from its first reading in {fact:race_first} to {fact:race_bound}. Rows for White respondents and for face-to-face interviews show that the dates depend on the sample.",
  "caption": "At the {fact:rule_sd} SD rule, religion is dated {fact:rel_after_ab_point} years after abortion by the point estimates and {fact:rel_after_ab_bound} years after by the lower bounds. Each row is one series. The open dot is the first survey whose point estimate stays above the rule; the solid dot, the sort date, is the first survey whose lower bound of the 95% interval stays above it. The thin bar runs from the first survey whose upper bound stays above the rule, the earliest date the interval allows ({fact:abortion_upper} for abortion and {fact:religion_upper} for religion), to the sort date. Racial resentment is already above the rule at its first reading. The views change the rule from {fact:rule_min} to {fact:rule_max} SD.",
  "data": [
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1986,
      "censored": true,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, all*",
      "point_year": 1986,
      "prev_year": null,
      "range_hi": null,
      "range_lo": null,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1992,
      "censored": true,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, White*",
      "point_year": 1986,
      "prev_year": null,
      "range_hi": 1992,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1986,
      "censored": true,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, face-to-face*",
      "point_year": 1986,
      "prev_year": null,
      "range_hi": null,
      "range_lo": null,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 1998,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, all",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 1998,
      "range_lo": 1990,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1990
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 1996,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, White",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 1996,
      "range_lo": 1988,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1988
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 1998,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 1998,
      "range_lo": 1990,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1990
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, all",
      "point_year": 2008,
      "prev_year": 2004,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1998,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1998
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2008,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, White",
      "point_year": 2000,
      "prev_year": 1998,
      "range_hi": 2008,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2016,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2008,
      "prev_year": 2004,
      "range_hi": 2016,
      "range_lo": 1998,
      "rule": "0.15 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1998
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1992,
      "censored": true,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, all*",
      "point_year": 1986,
      "prev_year": null,
      "range_hi": 1992,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 2000,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, White",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 2000,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1992,
      "censored": true,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, face-to-face*",
      "point_year": 1986,
      "prev_year": null,
      "range_hi": 1992,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2008,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, all",
      "point_year": 1998,
      "prev_year": 1996,
      "range_hi": 2008,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2000,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, White",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 2000,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2008,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 1998,
      "prev_year": 1996,
      "range_hi": 2008,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2016,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, all",
      "point_year": 2012,
      "prev_year": 2008,
      "range_hi": 2016,
      "range_lo": 2008,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 2008
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, White",
      "point_year": 2002,
      "prev_year": 2000,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1998,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1998
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2024,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2016,
      "prev_year": 2012,
      "range_hi": 2024,
      "range_lo": 2008,
      "rule": "0.25 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 2008
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1992,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, all",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 1992,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 2004,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, White",
      "point_year": 2000,
      "prev_year": 1998,
      "range_hi": 2004,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 1992,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 1992,
      "prev_year": 1990,
      "range_hi": 1992,
      "range_lo": 1986,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, all",
      "point_year": 2004,
      "prev_year": 2000,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1996,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1996
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, White",
      "point_year": 1998,
      "prev_year": 1996,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2004,
      "prev_year": 1998,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1996,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1996
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2020,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, all",
      "point_year": 2016,
      "prev_year": 2012,
      "range_hi": 2020,
      "range_lo": 2012,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 2012
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, White",
      "point_year": 2012,
      "prev_year": 2008,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 2002,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 2002
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2024,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2016,
      "prev_year": 2012,
      "range_hi": 2024,
      "range_lo": 2016,
      "rule": "0.35 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 2016
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 2004,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, all",
      "point_year": 1994,
      "prev_year": 1992,
      "range_hi": 2004,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 2008,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, White",
      "point_year": 2004,
      "prev_year": 2000,
      "range_hi": 2008,
      "range_lo": 2000,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 2000
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Racial resentment",
      "bound_year": 2004,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": false,
      "first_year": 1986,
      "label": "Racial resentment, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 1994,
      "prev_year": 1992,
      "range_hi": 2004,
      "range_lo": 1992,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 1992
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, all",
      "point_year": 2012,
      "prev_year": 2008,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 2004,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 2004
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2012,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, White",
      "point_year": 2004,
      "prev_year": 2000,
      "range_hi": 2012,
      "range_lo": 1998,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 1998
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Abortion",
      "bound_year": 2016,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Abortion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2012,
      "prev_year": 2008,
      "range_hi": 2016,
      "range_lo": 2004,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 2004
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": null,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, all",
      "point_year": 2024,
      "prev_year": 2020,
      "range_hi": null,
      "range_lo": null,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "All respondents",
      "upper_year": 2020
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": 2016,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, White",
      "point_year": 2012,
      "prev_year": 2008,
      "range_hi": 2016,
      "range_lo": 2012,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "White non-Hispanic only",
      "upper_year": 2012
    },
    {
      "attitude": "Religion",
      "bound_year": null,
      "censored": false,
      "drawn": true,
      "first_year": 1980,
      "label": "Religion, face-to-face",
      "point_year": 2024,
      "prev_year": 2016,
      "range_hi": null,
      "range_lo": null,
      "rule": "0.50 SD",
      "sample": "Face-to-face only",
      "upper_year": 2016
    }
  ],
  "id": "sort_dates",
  "notes": [
    "* The series is above the rule at its first reading, so the open dot marks that reading and not a crossing, and the date is not identified. A star marks each such row.",
    "A face-to-face row with the same three dates as the all-respondent row is not drawn: that is racial resentment at every rule and abortion at every rule but the highest. Show data lists them. At the highest rule no lower bound stays above the rule through 2024 for religion among all respondents or among face-to-face respondents, so those two rows are not drawn.",
    "Survey years are {fact:spacing_min} to {fact:spacing_max} years apart, so a date is known to the survey year, not to the month. A date in 2024, the last survey, cannot be tested for staying above the rule."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1980-2024; weighted (VCF0009z; weight_ftf and weight_web for the mode views)",
  "spec": {
    "hi1": "range_hi",
    "label1": "Point estimate",
    "label2": "Lower 95% bound",
    "lo1": "range_lo",
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "point_year",
    "x2": "bound_year",
    "xDomain": [
      1984,
      2026
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "label"
  },
  "subtitle": "First survey year in which the party gap exceeds the rule and stays above it in every later survey, by the point estimate (open dot) and by the lower bound of the 95% interval (solid dot), ANES",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "attitude",
        "label": "Attitude"
      },
      {
        "key": "sample",
        "label": "Sample"
      },
      {
        "key": "rule",
        "label": "Rule"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "first_year",
        "label": "First reading"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "prev_year",
        "label": "Last reading at or below the rule"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "point_year",
        "label": "Point estimate above from"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "bound_year",
        "label": "Lower bound above from (sort date)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "upper_year",
        "label": "Upper bound above from"
      },
      {
        "key": "censored",
        "label": "Above the rule at the first reading"
      },
      {
        "key": "drawn",
        "label": "Drawn in the chart"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Racial resentment, abortion and religion are dated in that order at every rule",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "drawn": true,
        "rule": "0.25 SD"
      },
      "id": "r25",
      "label": "Rule 0.25 SD",
      "title": "At the {fact:rule_sd} SD rule, the lower bound dates abortion and religion later than the point estimates do, and both tests date religion after abortion"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "drawn": true,
        "rule": "0.15 SD"
      },
      "id": "r15",
      "label": "Rule 0.15 SD"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "drawn": true,
        "rule": "0.35 SD"
      },
      "id": "r35",
      "label": "Rule 0.35 SD"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "drawn": true,
        "rule": "0.50 SD"
      },
      "id": "r50",
      "label": "Rule 0.50 SD"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}