{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with one row per group, joining the Democratic share among frequent attenders to the share among seldom attenders, with intervals. For white born-again Protestants the seldom dot lies to the right of the frequent ring by {fact:gpv_pool_wev} points, for white Catholics by {fact:gpv_pool_wc}, for Hispanic Catholics by {fact:gpv_pool_hc} and for Jewish voters by {fact:gpv_pool_jew}. For Black Protestants the two marks are close, with a difference of {fact:gpv_pool_bp}, and for white Protestants who are not born-again the seldom dot lies to the left of the ring by {fact:gpv_pool_wml} points.",
  "caption": "The gap between the ring (frequent attenders) and the dot (seldom attenders) is positive for most groups, small among Black Protestants and negative in the CES among white Protestants who are not born-again, a sign that the GSS and ANES do not reproduce (last figure). Each row is one group with its frequent and seldom shares and a 95% interval on each, and the last column of the table is seldom minus frequent, in points.",
  "data": [
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 48.9786,
      "frequent_hi": 54.6734,
      "frequent_lo": 43.2839,
      "gap": 23.8231,
      "gap_hi": 29.7873,
      "gap_lo": 17.8589,
      "gap_width": 11.9284,
      "group": "Jewish",
      "n_frequent": 581,
      "n_seldom": 4178,
      "seldom": 72.8017,
      "seldom_hi": 74.5743,
      "seldom_lo": 71.0291,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Unaffiliated",
      "frequent": 55.0105,
      "frequent_hi": 58.9606,
      "frequent_lo": 51.0605,
      "gap": 18.1047,
      "gap_hi": 22.0957,
      "gap_lo": 14.1138,
      "gap_width": 7.98185,
      "group": "Unaffiliated",
      "n_frequent": 1372,
      "n_seldom": 50916,
      "seldom": 73.1153,
      "seldom_hi": 73.6852,
      "seldom_lo": 72.5454,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 19.6984,
      "frequent_hi": 22.0994,
      "frequent_lo": 17.2974,
      "gap": 17.503,
      "gap_hi": 23.9249,
      "gap_lo": 11.0812,
      "gap_width": 12.8436,
      "group": "Mormon",
      "n_frequent": 1830,
      "n_seldom": 545,
      "seldom": 37.2014,
      "seldom_hi": 43.1575,
      "seldom_lo": 31.2453,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 44.5678,
      "frequent_hi": 46.7726,
      "frequent_lo": 42.3631,
      "gap": 16.8108,
      "gap_hi": 19.5146,
      "gap_lo": 14.107,
      "gap_width": 5.40759,
      "group": "Another religion or something else",
      "n_frequent": 3889,
      "n_seldom": 8245,
      "seldom": 61.3786,
      "seldom_hi": 62.9437,
      "seldom_lo": 59.8135,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 27.9668,
      "frequent_hi": 31.3279,
      "frequent_lo": 24.6056,
      "gap": 14.6797,
      "gap_hi": 19.9458,
      "gap_lo": 9.41359,
      "gap_width": 10.5322,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 1480,
      "n_seldom": 1332,
      "seldom": 42.6465,
      "seldom_hi": 46.7005,
      "seldom_lo": 38.5925,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 33.5797,
      "frequent_hi": 43.1286,
      "frequent_lo": 24.0308,
      "gap": 13.847,
      "gap_hi": 25.1248,
      "gap_lo": 2.56922,
      "gap_width": 22.5555,
      "group": "Orthodox Christian",
      "n_frequent": 258,
      "n_seldom": 498,
      "seldom": 47.4267,
      "seldom_hi": 53.4273,
      "seldom_lo": 41.4262,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 37.0168,
      "frequent_hi": 41.1468,
      "frequent_lo": 32.8869,
      "gap": 13.7657,
      "gap_hi": 20.0003,
      "gap_lo": 7.53104,
      "gap_width": 12.4692,
      "group": "Hispanic Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 1455,
      "n_seldom": 1085,
      "seldom": 50.7825,
      "seldom_hi": 55.453,
      "seldom_lo": 46.112,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 32.5456,
      "frequent_hi": 33.7476,
      "frequent_lo": 31.3435,
      "gap": 13.7282,
      "gap_hi": 15.2793,
      "gap_lo": 12.177,
      "gap_width": 3.10224,
      "group": "White Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 9448,
      "n_seldom": 17363,
      "seldom": 46.2737,
      "seldom_hi": 47.2541,
      "seldom_lo": 45.2934,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 41.7865,
      "frequent_hi": 47.3778,
      "frequent_lo": 36.1952,
      "gap": 13.6387,
      "gap_hi": 21.0349,
      "gap_lo": 6.24246,
      "gap_width": 14.7924,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 661,
      "n_seldom": 862,
      "seldom": 55.4252,
      "seldom_hi": 60.2668,
      "seldom_lo": 50.5836,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 59.0201,
      "frequent_hi": 62.7149,
      "frequent_lo": 55.3253,
      "gap": 11.8889,
      "gap_hi": 16.2854,
      "gap_lo": 7.49249,
      "gap_width": 8.79287,
      "group": "Hispanic Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 1782,
      "n_seldom": 3877,
      "seldom": 70.909,
      "seldom_hi": 73.2917,
      "seldom_lo": 68.5264,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 14.2434,
      "frequent_hi": 14.9077,
      "frequent_lo": 13.5791,
      "gap": 10.0868,
      "gap_hi": 11.426,
      "gap_lo": 8.74766,
      "gap_width": 2.6783,
      "group": "White born-again Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 17922,
      "n_seldom": 9263,
      "seldom": 24.3302,
      "seldom_hi": 25.493,
      "seldom_lo": 23.1675,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 90.6586,
      "frequent_hi": 92.002,
      "frequent_lo": 89.3152,
      "gap": 1.91628,
      "gap_hi": 3.84837,
      "gap_lo": -0.0158011,
      "gap_width": 3.86417,
      "group": "Black Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 4310,
      "n_seldom": 3398,
      "seldom": 92.5749,
      "seldom_hi": 93.9635,
      "seldom_lo": 91.1862,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 88.006,
      "frequent_hi": 93.0244,
      "frequent_lo": 82.9876,
      "gap": 1.63556,
      "gap_hi": 7.98873,
      "gap_lo": -4.7176,
      "gap_width": 12.7063,
      "group": "Black Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 401,
      "n_seldom": 550,
      "seldom": 89.6416,
      "seldom_hi": 93.5375,
      "seldom_lo": 85.7456,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 79.5558,
      "frequent_hi": 86.7099,
      "frequent_lo": 72.4018,
      "gap": -1.46093,
      "gap_hi": 6.34237,
      "gap_lo": -9.26423,
      "gap_width": 15.6066,
      "group": "Buddhist or Hindu",
      "n_frequent": 217,
      "n_seldom": 1442,
      "seldom": 78.0949,
      "seldom_hi": 81.2112,
      "seldom_lo": 74.9786,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 81.8115,
      "frequent_hi": 89.1544,
      "frequent_lo": 74.4685,
      "gap": -2.53277,
      "gap_hi": 7.73571,
      "gap_lo": -12.8013,
      "gap_width": 20.537,
      "group": "Muslim",
      "n_frequent": 230,
      "n_seldom": 296,
      "seldom": 79.2787,
      "seldom_hi": 86.4567,
      "seldom_lo": 72.1007,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 50.5402,
      "frequent_hi": 52.3617,
      "frequent_lo": 48.7188,
      "gap": -5.44607,
      "gap_hi": -3.39139,
      "gap_lo": -7.50076,
      "gap_width": 4.10937,
      "group": "White Protestants who are not born-again",
      "n_frequent": 4868,
      "n_seldom": 17790,
      "seldom": 45.0941,
      "seldom_hi": 46.045,
      "seldom_lo": 44.1433,
      "view": "votepool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Unaffiliated",
      "frequent": 42.0046,
      "frequent_hi": 53.0943,
      "frequent_lo": 30.9149,
      "gap": 30.1446,
      "gap_hi": 41.3001,
      "gap_lo": 18.989,
      "gap_width": 22.3111,
      "group": "Unaffiliated",
      "n_frequent": 271,
      "n_seldom": 13762,
      "seldom": 72.1492,
      "seldom_hi": 73.3597,
      "seldom_lo": 70.9386,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 41.9102,
      "frequent_hi": 55.4097,
      "frequent_lo": 28.4107,
      "gap": 29.7919,
      "gap_hi": 43.9579,
      "gap_lo": 15.6258,
      "gap_width": 28.3321,
      "group": "Jewish",
      "n_frequent": 134,
      "n_seldom": 956,
      "seldom": 71.7021,
      "seldom_hi": 75.9964,
      "seldom_lo": 67.4078,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 32.1082,
      "frequent_hi": 37.3721,
      "frequent_lo": 26.8443,
      "gap": 17.9358,
      "gap_hi": 24.4895,
      "gap_lo": 11.3821,
      "gap_width": 13.1074,
      "group": "Another religion or something else",
      "n_frequent": 804,
      "n_seldom": 2022,
      "seldom": 50.044,
      "seldom_hi": 53.9482,
      "seldom_lo": 46.1398,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 47.849,
      "frequent_hi": 56.6314,
      "frequent_lo": 39.0665,
      "gap": 15.303,
      "gap_hi": 25.7214,
      "gap_lo": 4.88447,
      "gap_width": 20.837,
      "group": "Hispanic Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 349,
      "n_seldom": 844,
      "seldom": 63.1519,
      "seldom_hi": 68.7567,
      "seldom_lo": 57.5472,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 22.998,
      "frequent_hi": 30.7645,
      "frequent_lo": 15.2314,
      "gap": 13.3552,
      "gap_hi": 24.5981,
      "gap_lo": 2.11227,
      "gap_width": 22.4859,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 287,
      "n_seldom": 346,
      "seldom": 36.3532,
      "seldom_hi": 44.4824,
      "seldom_lo": 28.2239,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 28.9754,
      "frequent_hi": 32.1039,
      "frequent_lo": 25.847,
      "gap": 12.0083,
      "gap_hi": 15.8833,
      "gap_lo": 8.13323,
      "gap_width": 7.75005,
      "group": "White Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 1572,
      "n_seldom": 3876,
      "seldom": 40.9837,
      "seldom_hi": 43.2704,
      "seldom_lo": 38.697,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 27.5336,
      "frequent_hi": 34.1292,
      "frequent_lo": 20.9379,
      "gap": 11.1139,
      "gap_hi": 27.8075,
      "gap_lo": -5.5796,
      "gap_width": 33.3871,
      "group": "Mormon",
      "n_frequent": 285,
      "n_seldom": 131,
      "seldom": 38.6475,
      "seldom_hi": 53.9828,
      "seldom_lo": 23.3122,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 29.1655,
      "frequent_hi": 37.2254,
      "frequent_lo": 21.1055,
      "gap": 10.6231,
      "gap_hi": 23.2055,
      "gap_lo": -1.95935,
      "gap_width": 25.1648,
      "group": "Hispanic Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 316,
      "n_seldom": 254,
      "seldom": 39.7885,
      "seldom_hi": 49.4506,
      "seldom_lo": 30.1265,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 10.7091,
      "frequent_hi": 12.1561,
      "frequent_lo": 9.26198,
      "gap": 9.50938,
      "gap_hi": 12.3696,
      "gap_lo": 6.64919,
      "gap_width": 5.72039,
      "group": "White born-again Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 3267,
      "n_seldom": 2113,
      "seldom": 20.2184,
      "seldom_hi": 22.6856,
      "seldom_lo": 17.7513,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 42.5424,
      "frequent_hi": 56.3854,
      "frequent_lo": 28.6994,
      "gap": 6.80921,
      "gap_hi": 24.3335,
      "gap_lo": -10.7151,
      "gap_width": 35.0487,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 134,
      "n_seldom": 217,
      "seldom": 49.3516,
      "seldom_hi": 60.0975,
      "seldom_lo": 38.6057,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 83.374,
      "frequent_hi": 87.6018,
      "frequent_lo": 79.1461,
      "gap": 0.803102,
      "gap_hi": 6.69941,
      "gap_lo": -5.09321,
      "gap_width": 11.7926,
      "group": "Black Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 839,
      "n_seldom": 845,
      "seldom": 84.1771,
      "seldom_hi": 88.287,
      "seldom_lo": 80.0671,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 79.4171,
      "frequent_hi": 93.5901,
      "frequent_lo": 65.2442,
      "gap": -2.26044,
      "gap_hi": 16.3897,
      "gap_lo": -20.9106,
      "gap_width": 37.3003,
      "group": "Black Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 91,
      "n_seldom": 137,
      "seldom": 77.1567,
      "seldom_hi": 89.2792,
      "seldom_lo": 65.0342,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 46.5936,
      "frequent_hi": 50.9351,
      "frequent_lo": 42.2522,
      "gap": -4.11564,
      "gap_hi": 0.805446,
      "gap_lo": -9.03674,
      "gap_width": 9.84218,
      "group": "White Protestants who are not born-again",
      "n_frequent": 904,
      "n_seldom": 3588,
      "seldom": 42.478,
      "seldom_hi": 44.7951,
      "seldom_lo": 40.1609,
      "view": "vote2024"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 34.4551,
      "frequent_hi": 47.589,
      "frequent_lo": 21.3212,
      "gap": 26.8294,
      "gap_hi": 44.7324,
      "gap_lo": 8.9263,
      "gap_width": 35.8061,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 92,
      "n_seldom": 101,
      "seldom": 61.2845,
      "seldom_hi": 73.4508,
      "seldom_lo": 49.1181,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 49.4291,
      "frequent_hi": 66.8495,
      "frequent_lo": 32.0087,
      "gap": 24.7336,
      "gap_hi": 42.7359,
      "gap_lo": 6.73128,
      "gap_width": 36.0046,
      "group": "Jewish",
      "n_frequent": 58,
      "n_seldom": 422,
      "seldom": 74.1627,
      "seldom_hi": 78.7029,
      "seldom_lo": 69.6225,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 21.0624,
      "frequent_hi": 28.2654,
      "frequent_lo": 13.8594,
      "gap": 22.9306,
      "gap_hi": 35.3168,
      "gap_lo": 10.5443,
      "gap_width": 24.7725,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 181,
      "n_seldom": 114,
      "seldom": 43.993,
      "seldom_hi": 54.0695,
      "seldom_lo": 33.9164,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 33.0977,
      "frequent_hi": 35.8027,
      "frequent_lo": 30.3927,
      "gap": 17.001,
      "gap_hi": 20.6437,
      "gap_lo": 13.3582,
      "gap_width": 7.28552,
      "group": "White Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 1507,
      "n_seldom": 2217,
      "seldom": 50.0987,
      "seldom_hi": 52.5385,
      "seldom_lo": 47.6588,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 49.5998,
      "frequent_hi": 52.6476,
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      "gap_hi": 20.7961,
      "gap_lo": 12.4288,
      "gap_width": 8.36732,
      "group": "Another religion or something else",
      "n_frequent": 1664,
      "n_seldom": 1676,
      "seldom": 66.2122,
      "seldom_hi": 69.0782,
      "seldom_lo": 63.3463,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 59.3991,
      "frequent_hi": 67.7085,
      "frequent_lo": 51.0897,
      "gap": 16.5149,
      "gap_hi": 26.489,
      "gap_lo": 6.54083,
      "gap_width": 19.9482,
      "group": "Hispanic Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 184,
      "n_seldom": 335,
      "seldom": 75.914,
      "seldom_hi": 81.431,
      "seldom_lo": 70.3971,
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    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 19.8709,
      "frequent_hi": 24.5155,
      "frequent_lo": 15.2263,
      "gap": 16.4943,
      "gap_hi": 30.425,
      "gap_lo": 2.56355,
      "gap_width": 27.8614,
      "group": "Mormon",
      "n_frequent": 366,
      "n_seldom": 69,
      "seldom": 36.3652,
      "seldom_hi": 49.4988,
      "seldom_lo": 23.2315,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 15.6198,
      "frequent_hi": 17.1259,
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      "gap_hi": 18.589,
      "gap_lo": 11.5154,
      "gap_width": 7.07367,
      "group": "White born-again Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 2823,
      "n_seldom": 1082,
      "seldom": 30.672,
      "seldom_hi": 33.8721,
      "seldom_lo": 27.4719,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
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      "frequent_hi": 43.7805,
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      "gap": 9.08506,
      "gap_hi": 27.3044,
      "gap_lo": -9.1343,
      "gap_width": 36.4387,
      "group": "Hispanic Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 87,
      "n_seldom": 56,
      "seldom": 42.2266,
      "seldom_hi": 57.0171,
      "seldom_lo": 27.4361,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 91.6362,
      "frequent_hi": 95.5168,
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      "gap": 4.90668,
      "gap_hi": 9.93704,
      "gap_lo": -0.123684,
      "gap_width": 10.0607,
      "group": "Black Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 229,
      "n_seldom": 156,
      "seldom": 96.5428,
      "seldom_hi": 99.7437,
      "seldom_lo": 93.342,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Unaffiliated",
      "frequent": 76.1619,
      "frequent_hi": 87.9804,
      "frequent_lo": 64.3435,
      "gap": 0.422995,
      "gap_hi": 12.3418,
      "gap_lo": -11.4958,
      "gap_width": 23.8376,
      "group": "Unaffiliated",
      "n_frequent": 80,
      "n_seldom": 4351,
      "seldom": 76.5849,
      "seldom_hi": 78.1282,
      "seldom_lo": 75.0416,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 54.2262,
      "frequent_hi": 58.6322,
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      "gap": -4.4278,
      "gap_hi": 0.568704,
      "gap_lo": -9.42431,
      "gap_width": 9.99301,
      "group": "White Protestants who are not born-again",
      "n_frequent": 648,
      "n_seldom": 2298,
      "seldom": 49.7984,
      "seldom_hi": 52.1546,
      "seldom_lo": 47.4421,
      "view": "vote2008"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 17.1628,
      "frequent_hi": 19.2828,
      "frequent_lo": 15.0429,
      "gap": 24.1383,
      "gap_hi": 29.9894,
      "gap_lo": 18.2872,
      "gap_width": 11.7022,
      "group": "Mormon",
      "n_frequent": 2269,
      "n_seldom": 684,
      "seldom": 41.3011,
      "seldom_hi": 46.7547,
      "seldom_lo": 35.8476,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 51.3254,
      "frequent_hi": 56.7295,
      "frequent_lo": 45.9212,
      "gap": 22.8408,
      "gap_hi": 28.524,
      "gap_lo": 17.1577,
      "gap_width": 11.3663,
      "group": "Jewish",
      "n_frequent": 734,
      "n_seldom": 4510,
      "seldom": 74.1662,
      "seldom_hi": 75.9249,
      "seldom_lo": 72.4075,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 44.0555,
      "frequent_hi": 49.268,
      "frequent_lo": 38.8431,
      "gap": 16.2261,
      "gap_hi": 23.1345,
      "gap_lo": 9.31766,
      "gap_width": 13.8169,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 752,
      "n_seldom": 1043,
      "seldom": 60.2816,
      "seldom_hi": 64.8156,
      "seldom_lo": 55.7476,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 31.5186,
      "frequent_hi": 34.9094,
      "frequent_lo": 28.1279,
      "gap": 16.067,
      "gap_hi": 21.3358,
      "gap_lo": 10.7981,
      "gap_width": 10.5377,
      "group": "Asian or other-race Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 1651,
      "n_seldom": 1475,
      "seldom": 47.5856,
      "seldom_hi": 51.6184,
      "seldom_lo": 43.5528,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 48.9739,
      "frequent_hi": 51.0182,
      "frequent_lo": 46.9295,
      "gap": 15.1069,
      "gap_hi": 17.6012,
      "gap_lo": 12.6126,
      "gap_width": 4.98865,
      "group": "Another religion or something else",
      "n_frequent": 4733,
      "n_seldom": 10365,
      "seldom": 64.0808,
      "seldom_hi": 65.5099,
      "seldom_lo": 62.6517,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 40.7593,
      "frequent_hi": 44.386,
      "frequent_lo": 37.1327,
      "gap": 14.0626,
      "gap_hi": 19.6387,
      "gap_lo": 8.48652,
      "gap_width": 11.1522,
      "group": "Hispanic Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 2136,
      "n_seldom": 1641,
      "seldom": 54.8219,
      "seldom_hi": 59.0575,
      "seldom_lo": 50.5864,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 36.3611,
      "frequent_hi": 37.5632,
      "frequent_lo": 35.1589,
      "gap": 12.9716,
      "gap_hi": 14.5157,
      "gap_lo": 11.4276,
      "gap_width": 3.08809,
      "group": "White Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 10228,
      "n_seldom": 19111,
      "seldom": 49.3327,
      "seldom_hi": 50.3017,
      "seldom_lo": 48.3637,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Unaffiliated",
      "frequent": 61.5226,
      "frequent_hi": 64.7668,
      "frequent_lo": 58.2784,
      "gap": 12.8274,
      "gap_hi": 16.115,
      "gap_lo": 9.53985,
      "gap_width": 6.57518,
      "group": "Unaffiliated",
      "n_frequent": 2102,
      "n_seldom": 61418,
      "seldom": 74.35,
      "seldom_hi": 74.8824,
      "seldom_lo": 73.8176,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 38.7525,
      "frequent_hi": 46.3562,
      "frequent_lo": 31.1487,
      "gap": 12.4342,
      "gap_hi": 22.0774,
      "gap_lo": 2.79092,
      "gap_width": 19.2865,
      "group": "Orthodox Christian",
      "n_frequent": 358,
      "n_seldom": 634,
      "seldom": 51.1867,
      "seldom_hi": 57.1175,
      "seldom_lo": 45.2558,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 15.484,
      "frequent_hi": 16.1581,
      "frequent_lo": 14.8099,
      "gap": 11.1968,
      "gap_hi": 12.5266,
      "gap_lo": 9.86702,
      "gap_width": 2.65955,
      "group": "White born-again Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 19881,
      "n_seldom": 10637,
      "seldom": 26.6808,
      "seldom_hi": 27.827,
      "seldom_lo": 25.5345,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 64.7839,
      "frequent_hi": 67.873,
      "frequent_lo": 61.6948,
      "gap": 10.1904,
      "gap_hi": 13.8373,
      "gap_lo": 6.5434,
      "gap_width": 7.29393,
      "group": "Hispanic Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 2670,
      "n_seldom": 5989,
      "seldom": 74.9743,
      "seldom_hi": 76.9128,
      "seldom_lo": 73.0358,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 77.5808,
      "frequent_hi": 83.5498,
      "frequent_lo": 71.6119,
      "gap": 5.61945,
      "gap_hi": 13.3459,
      "gap_lo": -2.10702,
      "gap_width": 15.4529,
      "group": "Muslim",
      "n_frequent": 508,
      "n_seldom": 537,
      "seldom": 83.2003,
      "seldom_hi": 88.1064,
      "seldom_lo": 78.2941,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Other religion",
      "frequent": 74.2036,
      "frequent_hi": 80.7457,
      "frequent_lo": 67.6616,
      "gap": 3.94369,
      "gap_hi": 11.0797,
      "gap_lo": -3.19231,
      "gap_width": 14.272,
      "group": "Buddhist or Hindu",
      "n_frequent": 329,
      "n_seldom": 1949,
      "seldom": 78.1473,
      "seldom_hi": 80.9975,
      "seldom_lo": 75.2971,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 90.7237,
      "frequent_hi": 91.8657,
      "frequent_lo": 89.5818,
      "gap": 2.57941,
      "gap_hi": 4.16433,
      "gap_lo": 0.994491,
      "gap_width": 3.16984,
      "group": "Black Protestants",
      "n_frequent": 6552,
      "n_seldom": 5409,
      "seldom": 93.3031,
      "seldom_hi": 94.4022,
      "seldom_lo": 92.2041,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Catholic",
      "frequent": 86.9738,
      "frequent_hi": 91.2118,
      "frequent_lo": 82.7359,
      "gap": 2.27289,
      "gap_hi": 7.73045,
      "gap_lo": -3.18467,
      "gap_width": 10.9151,
      "group": "Black Catholics",
      "n_frequent": 683,
      "n_seldom": 867,
      "seldom": 89.2467,
      "seldom_hi": 92.6854,
      "seldom_lo": 85.808,
      "view": "partypool"
    },
    {
      "family": "Protestant",
      "frequent": 49.5706,
      "frequent_hi": 51.3928,
      "frequent_lo": 47.7484,
      "gap": -3.70875,
      "gap_hi": -1.65969,
      "gap_lo": -5.75781,
      "gap_width": 4.09813,
      "group": "White Protestants who are not born-again",
      "n_frequent": 5161,
      "n_seldom": 19334,
      "seldom": 45.8618,
      "seldom_hi": 46.799,
      "seldom_lo": 44.9247,
      "view": "partypool"
    }
  ],
  "id": "attendance_gradient",
  "notes": [
    "Monthly attenders are in neither group. Frequent is the top two answers of the CES six-point item, once a week and more than once a week. A group is drawn when both attendance cells meet the sample floor, so fewer groups appear in a single year. A cell is drawn only when it has at least {fact:floor_n} respondents and an effective sample of at least {fact:floor_n}.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from the Kish effective sample size and treat the weighted sample as a simple random sample. The CES is an opt-in online panel, so they cover sampling error and not how respondents were recruited."
  ],
  "source": "Cooperative Election Study, presidential years 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024; weighted (weight_cumulative)",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Seldom minus frequent",
    "hi1": "frequent_hi",
    "hi2": "seldom_hi",
    "label1": "Weekly or more",
    "label2": "A few times a year or never",
    "lo1": "frequent_lo",
    "lo2": "seldom_lo",
    "n1": "n_frequent",
    "n2": "n_seldom",
    "reference": 50,
    "referenceLabel": "Even split",
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "frequent",
    "x2": "seldom",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "xLabel": "Democratic share (%)",
    "y": "group"
  },
  "subtitle": "Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among frequent attenders (weekly or more) and seldom attenders (a few times a year or never), by tradition and race, reported voters, percent, 2008 to 2024 pooled (buttons: single years and party identification); 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "view",
        "label": "View"
      },
      {
        "key": "group",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "frequent",
        "label": "Frequent attenders (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "frequent_lo",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "frequent_hi",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_frequent",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "seldom",
        "label": "Seldom attenders (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "seldom_lo",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "seldom_hi",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_seldom",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap",
        "label": "Seldom minus frequent (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_lo",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_hi",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_width",
        "label": "Interval width (points)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Inside tradition-by-race groups the vote differs by attendance in different directions: seldom minus frequent attenders in the Democratic share was {fact:gpv_pool_wc} points among white Catholics, {fact:gpv_pool_wev} among white born-again Protestants, {fact:gpv_pool_bp} among Black Protestants and {fact:gpv_pool_wml} among white Protestants who are not born-again, a sign that the GSS and ANES do not reproduce",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "view": "votepool"
      },
      "id": "votepool",
      "label": "Vote, 2008 to 2024"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The single-year estimates have wider intervals than the pooled ones, and the Black Protestant gap and the gap among white Protestants who are not born-again have intervals that include zero. Each row is one group in the 2024 CES, and the groups are sorted by the gap.",
      "filter": {
        "view": "vote2024"
      },
      "id": "vote2024",
      "label": "Vote, 2024",
      "title": "In 2024 the vote gap between seldom and frequent attenders was {fact:gpv_2024_wev} points among white born-again Protestants, {fact:gpv_2024_bp} among Black Protestants and {fact:gpv_2024_wml} among white Protestants who are not born-again"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The Black Protestant gap is smaller than the white born-again gap in 2008, and the gap among white Protestants who are not born-again is below zero. Each row is one group in the 2008 CES.",
      "filter": {
        "view": "vote2008"
      },
      "id": "vote2008",
      "label": "Vote, 2008",
      "title": "In 2008 the vote gap was {fact:gpv_2008_wev} points among white born-again Protestants, {fact:gpv_2008_bp} among Black Protestants and {fact:gpv_2008_wml} among white Protestants who are not born-again"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The Democratic share of party identifiers is higher among seldom attenders in every group except white Protestants who are not born-again. Each row is one group in the CES presidential years pooled.",
      "filter": {
        "view": "partypool"
      },
      "id": "partypool",
      "label": "Party identification, 2008 to 2024",
      "title": "In party identification the pooled gap is {fact:gpp_pool_wev} points among white born-again Protestants and {fact:gpp_pool_wml} among white Protestants who are not born-again"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}