{
  "alt": "A line chart with two lines. The total correlation rises from {fact:r_white_1986} in 1986 to {fact:r_white_2024} in 2024. The standardized slope net of party identification is {fact:net_1986} in 1986 and {fact:net_2024} in 2024 and does not trend, so the two lines are close in the 1980s and increasingly far apart afterwards. A second view shows the correlation inside Democrats, near {fact:dem_r_1986} in 1986 and {fact:dem_r_2024} in 2024, and inside Republicans, which rises from {fact:rep_r_1986} to {fact:rep_r_2024}.",
  "caption": "The total correlation climbs while the net-of-party slope stays near {fact:net_1986}. That slope comes from a regression with the seven party-identification categories held fixed, fitted separately in each year. The toggle shows the correlation inside each party. Bands are 95% intervals.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.335077,
      "conf_low": 0.193595,
      "estimate": 0.265767,
      "n": 664,
      "n_eff": 664,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.274245,
      "conf_low": 0.156859,
      "estimate": 0.216334,
      "n": 1014,
      "n_eff": 1014,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.38296,
      "conf_low": 0.2285,
      "estimate": 0.307756,
      "n": 529,
      "n_eff": 529,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.360006,
      "conf_low": 0.263349,
      "estimate": 0.312486,
      "n": 1345,
      "n_eff": 1340,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.384404,
      "conf_low": 0.268619,
      "estimate": 0.327742,
      "n": 1099,
      "n_eff": 914,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.34856,
      "conf_low": 0.208885,
      "estimate": 0.280205,
      "n": 789,
      "n_eff": 670,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.469849,
      "conf_low": 0.300815,
      "estimate": 0.388596,
      "n": 471,
      "n_eff": 389,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.473929,
      "conf_low": 0.330532,
      "estimate": 0.404716,
      "n": 619,
      "n_eff": 524,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.489989,
      "conf_low": 0.365364,
      "estimate": 0.429721,
      "n": 823,
      "n_eff": 660,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.475541,
      "conf_low": 0.404598,
      "estimate": 0.440758,
      "n": 3111,
      "n_eff": 1984,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.611505,
      "conf_low": 0.545574,
      "estimate": 0.579486,
      "n": 2191,
      "n_eff": 1562,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.688563,
      "conf_low": 0.647448,
      "estimate": 0.668516,
      "n": 4799,
      "n_eff": 2785,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.690015,
      "conf_low": 0.633206,
      "estimate": 0.662563,
      "n": 3204,
      "n_eff": 1502,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.306853,
      "conf_low": 0.156975,
      "estimate": 0.231914,
      "n": 662,
      "n_eff": 662,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.217978,
      "conf_low": 0.102223,
      "estimate": 0.1601,
      "n": 1011,
      "n_eff": 1011,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.329119,
      "conf_low": 0.16939,
      "estimate": 0.249254,
      "n": 529,
      "n_eff": 529,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.255755,
      "conf_low": 0.160833,
      "estimate": 0.208294,
      "n": 1342,
      "n_eff": 1337,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.262031,
      "conf_low": 0.149957,
      "estimate": 0.205994,
      "n": 1097,
      "n_eff": 913,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.253581,
      "conf_low": 0.106623,
      "estimate": 0.180102,
      "n": 784,
      "n_eff": 666,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.335454,
      "conf_low": 0.155244,
      "estimate": 0.245349,
      "n": 470,
      "n_eff": 389,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.288666,
      "conf_low": 0.139115,
      "estimate": 0.21389,
      "n": 614,
      "n_eff": 520,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.262711,
      "conf_low": 0.1373,
      "estimate": 0.200006,
      "n": 817,
      "n_eff": 655,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.221766,
      "conf_low": 0.149877,
      "estimate": 0.185821,
      "n": 3104,
      "n_eff": 1978,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.25722,
      "conf_low": 0.181568,
      "estimate": 0.219394,
      "n": 2189,
      "n_eff": 1561,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.269714,
      "conf_low": 0.204968,
      "estimate": 0.237341,
      "n": 4795,
      "n_eff": 2782,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.291205,
      "conf_low": 0.193467,
      "estimate": 0.242336,
      "n": 3200,
      "n_eff": 1500,
      "panel": "net",
      "series": "Net of party identification",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.335077,
      "conf_low": 0.193595,
      "estimate": 0.265767,
      "n": 664,
      "n_eff": 664,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.274245,
      "conf_low": 0.156859,
      "estimate": 0.216334,
      "n": 1014,
      "n_eff": 1014,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.38296,
      "conf_low": 0.2285,
      "estimate": 0.307756,
      "n": 529,
      "n_eff": 529,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.360006,
      "conf_low": 0.263349,
      "estimate": 0.312486,
      "n": 1345,
      "n_eff": 1340,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.384404,
      "conf_low": 0.268619,
      "estimate": 0.327742,
      "n": 1099,
      "n_eff": 914,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.34856,
      "conf_low": 0.208885,
      "estimate": 0.280205,
      "n": 789,
      "n_eff": 670,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.469849,
      "conf_low": 0.300815,
      "estimate": 0.388596,
      "n": 471,
      "n_eff": 389,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.473929,
      "conf_low": 0.330532,
      "estimate": 0.404716,
      "n": 619,
      "n_eff": 524,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.489989,
      "conf_low": 0.365364,
      "estimate": 0.429721,
      "n": 823,
      "n_eff": 660,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.475541,
      "conf_low": 0.404598,
      "estimate": 0.440758,
      "n": 3111,
      "n_eff": 1984,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.611505,
      "conf_low": 0.545574,
      "estimate": 0.579486,
      "n": 2191,
      "n_eff": 1562,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.688563,
      "conf_low": 0.647448,
      "estimate": 0.668516,
      "n": 4799,
      "n_eff": 2785,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.690015,
      "conf_low": 0.633206,
      "estimate": 0.662563,
      "n": 3204,
      "n_eff": 1502,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "All white respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.498701,
      "conf_low": 0.306784,
      "estimate": 0.407228,
      "n": 292,
      "n_eff": 292,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.451826,
      "conf_low": 0.278847,
      "estimate": 0.368522,
      "n": 385,
      "n_eff": 385,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.505701,
      "conf_low": 0.29584,
      "estimate": 0.406111,
      "n": 245,
      "n_eff": 245,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.460713,
      "conf_low": 0.323051,
      "estimate": 0.39409,
      "n": 582,
      "n_eff": 580,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.488022,
      "conf_low": 0.312894,
      "estimate": 0.404155,
      "n": 429,
      "n_eff": 352,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.481196,
      "conf_low": 0.28816,
      "estimate": 0.388939,
      "n": 348,
      "n_eff": 299,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.480423,
      "conf_low": 0.212748,
      "estimate": 0.353809,
      "n": 204,
      "n_eff": 166,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.603241,
      "conf_low": 0.401646,
      "estimate": 0.5094,
      "n": 250,
      "n_eff": 210,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.546363,
      "conf_low": 0.355569,
      "estimate": 0.456193,
      "n": 335,
      "n_eff": 267,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.451955,
      "conf_low": 0.332826,
      "estimate": 0.394044,
      "n": 1229,
      "n_eff": 774,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.525396,
      "conf_low": 0.400694,
      "estimate": 0.465351,
      "n": 868,
      "n_eff": 609,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.502934,
      "conf_low": 0.411421,
      "estimate": 0.458392,
      "n": 2036,
      "n_eff": 1147,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.49496,
      "conf_low": 0.372378,
      "estimate": 0.435687,
      "n": 1447,
      "n_eff": 673,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.155151,
      "conf_low": -0.0716899,
      "estimate": 0.0422752,
      "n": 298,
      "n_eff": 298,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.144906,
      "conf_low": -0.0244932,
      "estimate": 0.0606432,
      "n": 532,
      "n_eff": 532,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.282871,
      "conf_low": 0.0393165,
      "estimate": 0.163585,
      "n": 246,
      "n_eff": 246,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.111763,
      "conf_low": -0.0451728,
      "estimate": 0.0335018,
      "n": 625,
      "n_eff": 623,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.169144,
      "conf_low": -0.00740426,
      "estimate": 0.0815092,
      "n": 579,
      "n_eff": 487,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.160078,
      "conf_low": -0.063394,
      "estimate": 0.0489548,
      "n": 363,
      "n_eff": 307,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.360013,
      "conf_low": 0.0865237,
      "estimate": 0.227755,
      "n": 221,
      "n_eff": 186,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.168438,
      "conf_low": -0.0659537,
      "estimate": 0.0519577,
      "n": 326,
      "n_eff": 279,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.143111,
      "conf_low": -0.0738786,
      "estimate": 0.0350288,
      "n": 404,
      "n_eff": 326,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.192534,
      "conf_low": 0.06722,
      "estimate": 0.130398,
      "n": 1473,
      "n_eff": 946,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.227778,
      "conf_low": 0.0931914,
      "estimate": 0.161234,
      "n": 1116,
      "n_eff": 805,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.307616,
      "conf_low": 0.210237,
      "estimate": 0.259586,
      "n": 2346,
      "n_eff": 1410,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.327631,
      "conf_low": 0.196782,
      "estimate": 0.263418,
      "n": 1631,
      "n_eff": 778,
      "panel": "within",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "party_conditioning",
  "notes": [
    "Independents who do not lean to either party are in the total and net-of-party lines and in neither party line.",
    "The resentment statements were not asked in 1996 and 2002. The 1998 index has two statements, so that year is marked and is not strictly comparable with the years on either side."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1986-2024; weighted (VCF0009z); white non-Hispanic respondents; net-of-party slopes with HC3 intervals",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "No association",
        "type": "y-rule",
        "y": 0
      },
      {
        "label": "Two statements",
        "type": "x-rule",
        "x": 1998
      },
      {
        "label": "Web interviews added",
        "type": "x-rule",
        "x": 2012
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "All white respondents": "total",
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Net of party identification": "accent",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1984,
      2026
    ],
    "xLabel": "ANES survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      -0.2,
      0.8
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 2
    },
    "yLabel": "Standardized slope of self-placement on the index"
  },
  "subtitle": "Standardized slope of seven-point self-placement on the racial resentment index, without and with the seven party-identification categories held fixed, and, in the second view, the correlation inside each party, white non-Hispanic respondents",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "key": "panel",
        "label": "View"
      },
      {
        "key": "series",
        "label": "Series"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Correlation or slope"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Interval low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Interval high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_eff",
        "label": "Effective n"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "With party held fixed the slope is {fact:net_1986} in 1986 and {fact:net_2024} in 2024, against a total correlation of {fact:r_white_1986} and {fact:r_white_2024}",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "panel": "net"
      },
      "id": "net",
      "label": "Total and net of party identification"
    },
    {
      "caption": "Republicans start at {fact:rep_r_1986} in 1986 and Democrats at {fact:dem_r_1986}. The dashed line is the total correlation for all white respondents. Each party line standardizes both variables inside the party and year, so it is on a different scale from the net-of-party slope in the first view.",
      "filter": {
        "panel": "within"
      },
      "id": "within",
      "label": "Inside each party",
      "spec": {
        "dashed": [
          "All white respondents"
        ],
        "yLabel": "Correlation with self-placement"
      },
      "title": "Inside the Democratic Party the correlation stays between {fact:dem_r_min} and {fact:dem_r_max}, and inside the Republican Party it rises to {fact:rep_r_2024}"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}