{
  "alaska_share_cert": {
    "display": "0.2%",
    "estimand": "share of certified two-party votes cast in Alaska",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "all counties with returns",
    "source": "county-returns",
    "unit": "percent of the certified two-party votes",
    "value": 0.213035,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "all_median_votes": {
    "display": "13,707",
    "estimand": "median county size",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes",
    "value": 13707,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "beyond_max_sd": {
    "display": "34.7",
    "estimand": "largest county spread",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties with a margin larger than 70 points",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 34.7063,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "beyond_n": {
    "display": "260",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a margin larger than 70 points",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 260,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "beyond_ratio_max": {
    "display": "49%",
    "estimand": "largest ratio of a county's spread to the largest spread its margin allows",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties with a margin larger than 70 points",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the limit",
    "value": 48.7577,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "beyond_ratio_mean": {
    "display": "12%",
    "estimand": "mean ratio of a county's spread to the largest spread its margin allows",
    "n": 260,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties with a margin larger than 70 points",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the limit",
    "value": 12.105,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "bin_blue_end": {
    "ci": [
      15.3,
      23.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.3",
    "estimand": "mean county spread weighted by votes",
    "n": 12,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 19.3224,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_blue_end_n": {
    "display": "12",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 12,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "bin_blue_end_x": {
    "display": "66",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin",
    "n": 12,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 65.5831,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_diff_gap": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      12.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.9",
    "estimand": "difference between the vote-weighted mean spreads of the highest bin and that bin",
    "n": 203,
    "note": "95% interval from resampling the counties of each bin separately (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the highest bin and in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 6.93164,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_diff_x": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin (Republican lead)",
    "n": 169,
    "note": "The one bin of the run, other than the highest bin, whose difference from the highest bin has a 95% interval that excludes zero.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 4.4331,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_gap_blue": {
    "ci": [
      3.9,
      18.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.8",
    "estimand": "difference between the vote-weighted mean spreads of the two bins",
    "n": 46,
    "note": "95% interval from resampling the counties of each bin separately (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the highest bin and in the bluest bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 11.7572,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_peak": {
    "ci": [
      24.7,
      36.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.1",
    "estimand": "mean county spread weighted by votes",
    "n": 34,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 31.0796,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_peak_x": {
    "display": "43",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin",
    "n": 34,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 43.1418,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_plat_end_x": {
    "display": "34",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin (Democratic lead)",
    "n": 50,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 34.3225,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_plat_max": {
    "display": "28.4",
    "estimand": "largest binned mean among those bins",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 28.3864,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_plat_min": {
    "display": "24.1",
    "estimand": "smallest binned mean among those bins",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 24.1479,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_plat_n": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "bins whose intervals overlap the interval of the highest bin, counted back from it, other than the highest bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "bins",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "bin_plat_start": {
    "ci": [
      23.4,
      27.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.4",
    "estimand": "mean county spread weighted by votes",
    "n": 201,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 25.372,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_plat_start_x": {
    "display": "14",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin (Republican lead)",
    "n": 201,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 14.4637,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_red_end": {
    "ci": [
      5.2,
      8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.7",
    "estimand": "mean county spread weighted by votes",
    "n": 40,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in a 10-point bin of county margin (at least 10 counties)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 6.73134,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_red_end_x": {
    "display": "82",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin",
    "n": 40,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample in that bin",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 81.8915,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bin_width": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Width of the margin bins used for the binned means and the precinct histograms.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "bound_at_cut": {
    "display": "71.4",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Precinct margins lie between -100 and 100, so a county with margin M cannot have a spread above the square root of 100 squared minus M squared; this is the limit for a margin of 70 points.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 71.4143,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "bucks_comp": {
    "display": "50.0%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts decided by under 10 points",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the county's two-party votes",
    "value": 49.9606,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bucks_margin": {
    "display": "−0.1",
    "estimand": "two-party margin, Democratic positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": -0.0732715,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "bucks_max_d": {
    "display": "42.0",
    "estimand": "margin of the most Democratic precinct",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 41.9619,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "bucks_max_r": {
    "display": "33.7",
    "estimand": "margin of the most Republican precinct, as a Republican lead",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 33.7089,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "bucks_sd": {
    "display": "14.8",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 304,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 14.7806,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "bucks_units": {
    "display": "304",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Bucks County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "precincts",
    "value": 304,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "centre_comp": {
    "display": "5.5%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts decided by under 10 points",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the county's two-party votes",
    "value": 5.45855,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "centre_margin": {
    "display": "+2.9",
    "estimand": "two-party margin, Democratic positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 2.86436,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "centre_max_d": {
    "display": "65.0",
    "estimand": "margin of the most Democratic precinct",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 64.9919,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "centre_max_r": {
    "display": "75.2",
    "estimand": "margin of the most Republican precinct, as a Republican lead",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 75.188,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "centre_sd": {
    "display": "36.3",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 87,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 36.2868,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "centre_units": {
    "display": "87",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Centre County, PA",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "precincts",
    "value": 87,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "comp_equiv": {
    "display": "55%",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A margin of 10 points is a 55 to 45 split of the two-party vote.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party vote",
    "value": 55,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_beyond": {
    "display": "70",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Counties with a margin larger than this are the tails of the distribution.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 70,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_big_votes": {
    "display": "100,000",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Counties with at least this many two-party votes are called large.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes",
    "value": 100000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_comp": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A place is called close when its two-party margin is smaller than this.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_deep": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A place is called very lopsided when its two-party margin is this large or larger.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_floor_units": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A county needs at least this many reporting units for a spread estimate.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "reporting units",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_land": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A place is called a landslide when its two-party margin is this large or larger.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_mid_lo": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Lower end of the middle range of near-tied spreads: a spread of this many points or more and under the wide-spread cutoff.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_near": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A county is near-tied when its two-party margin is smaller than this.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_near_units": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A near-tied county needs at least this many precincts.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "precincts",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_nongeo_share": {
    "display": "20%",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Counties in which ballot-bucket units (absentee, provisional, early voting and the like) hold this share of votes or more are left out of the side check.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the county's votes",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_sd": {
    "display": "30",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A county spread of 30 points is called wide.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 30,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_sd_top": {
    "display": "50",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A county is called one of the widest-spread counties when its spread is this many points or more.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 50,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_small_units": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A county with fewer reporting units than this is called small in the note on the map.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "reporting units",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_two_share": {
    "display": "20%",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Share of a county's votes in landslide precincts of one party for the two-landslide test.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the county's votes",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cut_within": {
    "display": "50",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Counties with a margin of this many points or less (a margin of exactly this size included) are used for the check that leaves out the tails.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 50,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cutoff_30": {
    "display": "30",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A cutoff of the county margin in the check of how the distance correlation depends on the cutoff (counties with a margin of this many points or less).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 30,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cutoff_40": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A cutoff of the county margin in the check of how the distance correlation depends on the cutoff (counties with a margin of this many points or less).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "cutoff_60": {
    "display": "60",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A cutoff of the county margin in the check of how the distance correlation depends on the cutoff (counties with a margin of this many points or less).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 60,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "floor_vw_mean": {
    "display": "3.1",
    "estimand": "mean of the spread expected if voters were assigned to precincts at random, weighted by votes",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 3.07683,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "la_share": {
    "display": "51.5%",
    "estimand": "ratio of precinct votes to certified votes",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Louisiana parishes",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the certified two-party votes",
    "value": 51.55,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "land_equiv": {
    "display": "60%",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A margin of 20 points is a 60 to 40 split of the two-party vote.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party vote",
    "value": 60,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "margin_arlington": {
    "display": "+59.9",
    "estimand": "two-party margin, Democratic positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Arlington (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 59.858,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "margin_dc": {
    "display": "+86.6",
    "estimand": "two-party margin, Democratic positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "District of Columbia (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 86.6295,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "margin_max": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "The largest possible two-party margin, in points.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "margin_metro1": {
    "ci": [
      7.3,
      15.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+11.7",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin",
    "n": 419,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "metro counties of 1 million or more in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 11.6878,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "margin_open": {
    "ci": [
      -47.6,
      -42.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−45.2",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted mean county margin",
    "n": 873,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "the least urban nonmetro counties in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": -45.1708,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "min_bin_counties": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A bin of county margin is shown only when it holds at least this many counties.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "n_acs": {
    "display": "2,843",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and ACS measures",
    "source": "county-demographics",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2843,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_below_floor": {
    "display": "190",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "Counties with fewer than 5 reporting units have no spread estimate.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 190,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_big": {
    "display": "318",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 318,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_boot": {
    "display": "2,000",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Number of county resamples behind each interval.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "resamples",
    "value": 2000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "n_counties": {
    "display": "3,043",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3043,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_counties_disp": {
    "display": "2,853",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2853,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_no_rucc": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "count of counties with no Rural-Urban Continuum Code in the panel",
    "note": "The Connecticut counties (the panel uses the 2022 planning regions), Kansas City, Missouri, and Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "county-demographics",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_out_la": {
    "display": "64",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Louisiana parishes",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "parishes",
    "value": 64,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_out_other": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties outside Louisiana whose precinct rows do not add to the certified total",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_out_total": {
    "display": "70",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties whose precinct rows do not add to the certified total (Louisiana and others)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 70,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_sd30": {
    "display": "368",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 368,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_sd_top": {
    "display": "33",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a spread of 50 points or more",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 33,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_sd_top_msal": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "count of those counties in Mississippi or Alabama",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with a spread of 50 points or more",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_sd_top_small": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of those counties with fewer than 10 reporting units",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with a spread of 50 points or more",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_sim": {
    "display": "200",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Number of simulated assignments of voters to precincts behind the random-assignment bars.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "simulated assignments",
    "value": 200,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "n_states": {
    "display": "48",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "states in the analysis sample, not counting the District of Columbia",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 48,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_units": {
    "display": "175,345",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "reporting units (precincts) in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "reporting units",
    "value": 175345,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "n_within50": {
    "display": "1,725",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and a margin of 50 points or less",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1725,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_floor": {
    "display": "3.4",
    "estimand": "median of the spread expected if voters were assigned to precincts at random",
    "n": 111,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 3.35652,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_max_sd": {
    "display": "58.1",
    "estimand": "largest county spread",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 58.1035,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_median_sd": {
    "ci": [
      22.8,
      24.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.9",
    "estimand": "median of county spreads",
    "n": 111,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 23.8832,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_median_votes": {
    "display": "78,269",
    "estimand": "median county size",
    "n": 111,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes",
    "value": 78269,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_min_sd": {
    "display": "10.1",
    "estimand": "smallest county spread",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 10.1292,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_n": {
    "display": "111",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 111,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_n_sd30": {
    "display": "29",
    "estimand": "count with a spread of 30 or more",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 29,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_n_two": {
    "display": "39",
    "estimand": "count with one fifth or more of the votes in Democratic landslide precincts and one fifth or more in Republican landslide precincts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 39,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "near_share_comp": {
    "display": "35.6%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party votes of these counties",
    "value": 35.5627,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "near_share_deep": {
    "display": "10.5%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party votes of these counties",
    "value": 10.4664,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "near_share_land": {
    "display": "38.2%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party votes of these counties",
    "value": 38.245,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "near_share_land_d": {
    "display": "17.5%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party votes of these counties",
    "value": 17.5308,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "near_share_land_r": {
    "display": "20.7%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of the two-party votes of these counties",
    "value": 20.7142,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "near_share_mid": {
    "display": "64.0%",
    "estimand": "share with a spread of 15 points or more and under 30",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 63.964,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_share_sd30": {
    "display": "26.1%",
    "estimand": "share with a spread of 30 or more",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 26.1261,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_share_two": {
    "display": "35.1%",
    "estimand": "share of counties in the previous count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 35.1351,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "near_votes": {
    "display": "18.9 million",
    "estimand": "sum",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the analysis sample: two-party margin within 5 points and at least 20 precincts",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes",
    "value": 18865499,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "nongeo_share": {
    "display": "1.5%",
    "estimand": "share of votes in units labelled as ballot buckets: absentee, provisional, early voting, mail, failsafe, military, overseas and statistical-adjustment",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 1.49579,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "nongeo_units": {
    "display": "870",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "reporting units (precincts) in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "reporting units",
    "value": 870,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "out_share_cert": {
    "display": "2.0%",
    "estimand": "share",
    "note": "The 70 counties left out by the reconciliation rule; Alaska is a further share.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "all counties with returns",
    "source": "county-returns",
    "unit": "percent of the certified two-party votes",
    "value": 1.96679,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "r_cut60": {
    "ci": [
      -0.26,
      -0.04
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.15",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread",
    "n": 2156,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and a margin of 60 points or less",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.150169,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_cutallu": {
    "ci": [
      -0.57,
      -0.52
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.55",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread, each county counted once",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.547169,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "r_ext50_raw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.18,
      0.08
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.04",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread",
    "n": 1725,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and a margin of 50 points or less",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.0445753,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_ext50u_raw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      -0.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.26",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread, each county counted once",
    "n": 1725,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and a margin of 50 points or less",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.260848,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "r_ext_fe": {
    "ci": [
      -0.37,
      -0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.25",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread after size and state controls",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.245853,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_ext_raw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.39,
      -0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.29",
    "estimand": "correlation of the county margin's distance from zero with county spread",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.291055,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_ext_size": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      -0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.19",
    "estimand": "correlation of distance from an even split with county spread after removing size",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.19384,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean50_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.32,
      0.49
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread",
    "n": 1725,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and a margin of 50 points or less",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.410184,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean_fe": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.28",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread after removing the linear effects of log votes and log precincts and state means",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.275356,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean_logvotes": {
    "ci": [
      0.59,
      0.69
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.64",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with the log of two-party votes",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.641571,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.33,
      0.49
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.412496,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean_size": {
    "ci": [
      0.12,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.21",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread after removing linear effects of log votes and log precincts",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.208768,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_lean_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.51,
      0.56
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.54",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread, each county counted once",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.535262,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "r_lean_unw_fe": {
    "ci": [
      0.43,
      0.51
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.47",
    "estimand": "correlation of county margin with county spread after size and state controls, each county counted once",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.468647,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "r_nonwhite_fe": {
    "ci": [
      0.22,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.31",
    "estimand": "correlation of the nonwhite share with county spread after size and state controls",
    "n": 2843,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and ACS measures",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.308336,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_nonwhite_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.36,
      0.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.43",
    "estimand": "correlation of the nonwhite share (ACS 2024) with county spread",
    "n": 2843,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and ACS measures",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.434185,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_rural_fe": {
    "ci": [
      -0.19,
      -0.08
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.13",
    "estimand": "correlation of the rural share with county spread after size and state controls",
    "n": 2843,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and ACS measures",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.128257,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_rural_raw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.41,
      -0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.36",
    "estimand": "correlation of the rural share (2020 census urban area definition, county panel) with county spread",
    "n": 2843,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units and ACS measures",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.35743,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "r_sd_logvotes": {
    "ci": [
      0.33,
      0.46
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.40",
    "estimand": "correlation of county spread with the log of two-party votes",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.398097,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "rb_dcorr_max": {
    "display": "0.02",
    "estimand": "largest absolute change, rounded up to two decimals, across the correlations of spread with lean (raw and with size and state fixed) and with distance from an even split within 50 points",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the side check and in the full sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.02,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "rb_dshare_max": {
    "display": "0.3",
    "estimand": "largest absolute change, rounded up to one decimal, across the shares of votes in precincts decided by 20 points or more and by under 10 points",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "units in the side check and in the full sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percentage points of votes",
    "value": 0.3,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "rb_n_counties": {
    "display": "2,721",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the side check",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2721,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "rb_near_n": {
    "display": "106",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "near-tied counties in the side check",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 106,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "sd_al": {
    "ci": [
      25.2,
      38.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "32.2",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by votes",
    "n": 67,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345), resampling the counties of the state.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Alabama counties with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 32.1512,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_arlington": {
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 55,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Arlington (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 6.46959,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_bin_width": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Width of the spread bins in the histogram of near-tied counties.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "sd_dc": {
    "display": "5.9",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 144,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "District of Columbia (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 5.9375,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_equiv": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "A spread of 30 margin points is a spread of 15 points of the Democratic share of the two-party vote.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of Democratic vote share",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "sd_jeffal": {
    "display": "53.5",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 179,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Jefferson County, AL, 2024 (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 53.5162,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_kings": {
    "display": "54.9",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 1341,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Kings County, NY, 2024 (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 54.9457,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_median": {
    "ci": [
      15,
      16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.6",
    "estimand": "median of county spreads",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 15.5666,
    "weights": "none (full counts); each county counted once"
  },
  "sd_metro1": {
    "ci": [
      23.5,
      26.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.8",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by two-party votes",
    "n": 419,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units, metro area of 1 million or more (Rural-Urban Continuum Code 1, 2023)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 24.8398,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_metro2": {
    "ci": [
      21.9,
      23.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.7",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by two-party votes",
    "n": 690,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units, smaller metro area (Rural-Urban Continuum Code 2 to 3, 2023)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 22.7259,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_mobile": {
    "display": "50.2",
    "estimand": "vote-weighted standard deviation of precinct margins",
    "n": 82,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Mobile County, AL, 2024 (a county with at least 100,000 two-party votes)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 50.1976,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_ms": {
    "ci": [
      34.9,
      41.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38.2",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by votes",
    "n": 82,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345), resampling the counties of the state.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Mississippi counties with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 38.2015,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_open": {
    "ci": [
      14.6,
      16.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.5",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by two-party votes",
    "n": 873,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units, nonmetro, smaller towns and open country (Rural-Urban Continuum Code 8 to 9, 2023)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 15.5249,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_town": {
    "ci": [
      18.7,
      20.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.4",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by two-party votes",
    "n": 861,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units, nonmetro, larger towns (Rural-Urban Continuum Code 4 to 7, 2023)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 19.3763,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sd_vw_mean": {
    "ci": [
      22.5,
      24.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.3",
    "estimand": "mean of county spreads weighted by two-party votes",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 23.2798,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_comp_county": {
    "display": "23.1%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in counties in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 23.1311,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_comp_precinct": {
    "display": "18.5%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 18.5158,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_comp_random": {
    "display": "23.3%",
    "estimand": "mean over 200 simulated assignments of the share of votes in precincts in the band, when each precinct's Democratic votes are a binomial draw of its votes at its county's Democratic share",
    "n": 200,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 23.3168,
    "weights": "none; simulation with unit sizes and county margins held fixed (seed 12345)"
  },
  "share_deep_county": {
    "display": "25.4%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in counties in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 25.3789,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_deep_precinct": {
    "display": "36.4%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 36.3665,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_deep_random": {
    "display": "25.0%",
    "estimand": "mean over 200 simulated assignments of the share of votes in precincts in the band, when each precinct's Democratic votes are a binomial draw of its votes at its county's Democratic share",
    "n": 200,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 24.9578,
    "weights": "none; simulation with unit sizes and county margins held fixed (seed 12345)"
  },
  "share_land_county": {
    "display": "57.2%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in counties in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 57.2467,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_land_precinct": {
    "display": "65.0%",
    "estimand": "share of votes cast in precincts in the band",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 64.9747,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "share_land_random": {
    "display": "56.6%",
    "estimand": "mean over 200 simulated assignments of the share of votes in precincts in the band, when each precinct's Democratic votes are a binomial draw of its votes at its county's Democratic share",
    "n": 200,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 56.5759,
    "weights": "none; simulation with unit sizes and county margins held fixed (seed 12345)"
  },
  "sim_county_gap": {
    "display": "0.7",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the three bands between the random-assignment share and the county share",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percentage points of votes",
    "value": 0.670774,
    "weights": "none (full counts); precinct results weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "sim_range": {
    "display": "0.4",
    "estimand": "largest difference between the highest and lowest of the simulated shares, across the three bands",
    "n": 200,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percentage points of votes",
    "value": 0.352205,
    "weights": "none; simulation (seed 12345)"
  },
  "slope_fe": {
    "ci": [
      0.6,
      1.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.9",
    "estimand": "weighted least squares slope of county spread on county margin, times 10, with log votes, log precincts and state means",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of spread per 10 points of margin",
    "value": 0.908752,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "slope_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.8,
      1.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.1",
    "estimand": "weighted least squares slope of county spread on county margin, times 10",
    "n": 2853,
    "note": "95% interval from a county bootstrap (2,000 replicates, seed 12345).",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of spread per 10 points of margin",
    "value": 1.09238,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  },
  "slope_step": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "definition",
    "note": "Step in county margin for the slope of spread on margin.",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "definition used in this chapter",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "points of two-party margin",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "unit_ca_per_county": {
    "display": "578",
    "estimand": "mean count of reporting units per county",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "California counties in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "precincts per county",
    "value": 577.948,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "unit_med_max": {
    "display": "2,083",
    "estimand": "median precinct size",
    "n": 756,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Connecticut precincts in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes per precinct",
    "value": 2082.5,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "unit_med_min": {
    "display": "227",
    "estimand": "median precinct size",
    "n": 3737,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "Kansas precincts in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes per precinct",
    "value": 227,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "unit_nd_per_county": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "mean count of reporting units per county",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "North Dakota counties in the analysis sample",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "precincts per county",
    "value": 7.22642,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "votes_sample": {
    "display": "149.0 million",
    "estimand": "sum of Democratic and Republican votes",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "two-party presidential votes in the analysis sample (counties whose precinct rows match the certified total; Alaska left out)",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "two-party votes",
    "value": 148953406,
    "weights": "none (full counts)"
  },
  "votes_sd30": {
    "display": "18.7%",
    "estimand": "share of the votes of these counties cast in counties with a spread of 30 or more",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 presidential general election",
    "population": "counties in the analysis sample with at least 5 reporting units",
    "source": "precinct",
    "unit": "percent of two-party votes",
    "value": 18.6745,
    "weights": "none (full counts); counties weighted by their two-party votes"
  }
}