{
  "alt": "Dot chart in two panels, one by age group and one by education, of the share saying violence to pursue political goals is justified at least a little. Each row has a dot for all adult citizens, one for Democrats and one for Republicans, with 95% intervals. In each panel the shares fall from the first row to the last, from {fact:viol_age_young} in the youngest age group to {fact:viol_age_old} in the oldest and from {fact:viol_edu_hs} with a high school education or less to {fact:viol_edu_ba} with a bachelor's degree or more. The Democratic and Republican dots overlap in every row.",
  "caption": "The share falls with age and with education among all adults and within each party, and the Democratic and Republican dots overlap in every row. Each dot is the weighted share saying violence is justified at least a little, and each line is a 95% interval that follows the sampling design. Age and education overlap and are not adjusted for one another.",
  "data": [
    {
      "category": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 36.4069,
      "conf_low": 26.1262,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 31.2665,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 513
    },
    {
      "category": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 39.0529,
      "conf_low": 25.164,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 32.1084,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 275
    },
    {
      "category": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 34.9517,
      "conf_low": 19.2534,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 27.1026,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 188
    },
    {
      "category": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 20.9425,
      "conf_low": 15.0926,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 18.0176,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 1268
    },
    {
      "category": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 17.6581,
      "conf_low": 10.4433,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 14.0507,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 610
    },
    {
      "category": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 23.9362,
      "conf_low": 15.0125,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 19.4743,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 541
    },
    {
      "category": "45 to 59",
      "conf_high": 16.8959,
      "conf_low": 11.3605,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 14.1282,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 1155
    },
    {
      "category": "45 to 59",
      "conf_high": 17.9367,
      "conf_low": 9.97153,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 13.9541,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 558
    },
    {
      "category": "45 to 59",
      "conf_high": 15.9844,
      "conf_low": 8.19981,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 12.0921,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 508
    },
    {
      "category": "60 or older",
      "conf_high": 12.9908,
      "conf_low": 8.92609,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 10.9584,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 2027
    },
    {
      "category": "60 or older",
      "conf_high": 16.327,
      "conf_low": 9.60227,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 12.9646,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 1004
    },
    {
      "category": "60 or older",
      "conf_high": 11.1936,
      "conf_low": 5.73798,
      "dimension": "Age",
      "estimate": 8.46581,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 935
    },
    {
      "category": "High school or less",
      "conf_high": 25.7998,
      "conf_low": 19.7459,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 22.7728,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 1148
    },
    {
      "category": "High school or less",
      "conf_high": 28.6348,
      "conf_low": 18.5747,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 23.6048,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 441
    },
    {
      "category": "High school or less",
      "conf_high": 22.456,
      "conf_low": 14.9389,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 18.6974,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 581
    },
    {
      "category": "Some college",
      "conf_high": 20.6342,
      "conf_low": 14.8175,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 17.7258,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 1632
    },
    {
      "category": "Some college",
      "conf_high": 22.4266,
      "conf_low": 13.6737,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 18.0502,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 703
    },
    {
      "category": "Some college",
      "conf_high": 20.5135,
      "conf_low": 11.5229,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 16.0182,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 796
    },
    {
      "category": "Bachelor's degree or more",
      "conf_high": 13.5691,
      "conf_low": 9.25993,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 11.4145,
      "group": "All adult citizens",
      "n": 2370
    },
    {
      "category": "Bachelor's degree or more",
      "conf_high": 15.731,
      "conf_low": 9.77919,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 12.7551,
      "group": "Democrats",
      "n": 1371
    },
    {
      "category": "Bachelor's degree or more",
      "conf_high": 11.8425,
      "conf_low": 6.18635,
      "dimension": "Education",
      "estimate": 9.01444,
      "group": "Republicans",
      "n": 893
    }
  ],
  "id": "violence_by_age_edu",
  "notes": [
    "Age is age on Election Day in four groups; education is the five-category ANES summary collapsed to high school or less, some college, and a bachelor's degree or more. Respondents with no age or education answer are left out of those panels.",
    "Democrats and Republicans include leaners. Intervals are 95% intervals from a Taylor-series variance that uses the survey strata and primary sampling units, with the t distribution and the design degrees of freedom. A cell needs at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of 100; no plotted cell fell below that floor."
  ],
  "source": "ANES 2024 Time Series, pre-election interviews, 2024; weighted (V240107a); 95% design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "All adult citizens": "total",
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents and leaners": "ind",
      "Neither party": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "facet": "dimension",
    "facetColumns": 2,
    "group": "group",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "legend": true,
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      45
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "xLabel": "Share of the group (%)",
    "y": "category"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share saying violence to pursue political goals is justified at least a little, by age group and education, for all adult citizens and for Democrats and Republicans with leaners; pre-election 2024",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "dimension",
        "label": "Dimension"
      },
      {
        "key": "category",
        "label": "Category"
      },
      {
        "key": "group",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Younger and less educated adults were more likely to say violence is justified than older and college-educated adults, in both parties",
  "type": "dot"
}