{
  "alt": "Dot chart in four panels with seven rows each, from strong Democrats through adults naming neither party to strong Republicans. The panels show the share saying violence is justified at least a little, expecting an inaccurate count, calling Trump the legitimate 2020 winner and choosing the FBI account of the January 2021 events. Strong Republicans are at {fact:str_acc_srep} on the count, {fact:str_t20_srep} on the 2020 winner and {fact:str_fbi_srep} on the FBI account, the highest estimate in each panel, but only on the 2020 winner is their difference from Republican leaners ({fact:str_t20_lrep}) distinguishable from zero. On violence the Democratic leaners stand at {fact:str_viol_ldem} and adults naming neither party at {fact:viol_any_nei}, above both strong categories.",
  "caption": "In each election panel the Democratic categories sit at the left and strong Republicans have the highest estimate, but their lead over Republican leaners is distinguishable from zero only on the 2020 winner. In the violence panel the dots do not rise toward either end, and the highest estimates are for Democratic leaners and adults naming neither party. Each dot is a weighted share among adult citizens who answered, and each line is a 95% interval that follows the sampling design.",
  "data": [
    {
      "category": "Strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 17.7614,
      "conf_low": 11.7898,
      "estimate": 14.7756,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 1252,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 19.0312,
      "conf_low": 10.9226,
      "estimate": 14.9769,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 596,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Democratic",
      "conf_high": 29.5954,
      "conf_low": 17.2439,
      "estimate": 23.4196,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 684,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Neither party",
      "conf_high": 37.6517,
      "conf_low": 23.3724,
      "estimate": 30.512,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 346,
      "side": "Neither party"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Republican",
      "conf_high": 18.1587,
      "conf_low": 11.6462,
      "estimate": 14.9024,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 665,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 21.5428,
      "conf_low": 11.4449,
      "estimate": 16.4939,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 539,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 17.6411,
      "conf_low": 11.1276,
      "estimate": 14.3844,
      "measure": "Violence justified at least a little",
      "n": 1086,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 9.12888,
      "conf_low": 4.71036,
      "estimate": 6.91962,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 1311,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 10.7872,
      "conf_low": 4.77189,
      "estimate": 7.77953,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 615,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Democratic",
      "conf_high": 14.1299,
      "conf_low": 7.36771,
      "estimate": 10.7488,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 712,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Neither party",
      "conf_high": 36.6695,
      "conf_low": 23.1441,
      "estimate": 29.9068,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 373,
      "side": "Neither party"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Republican",
      "conf_high": 39.2256,
      "conf_low": 28.6512,
      "estimate": 33.9384,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 710,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 32.7056,
      "conf_low": 22.5469,
      "estimate": 27.6263,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 577,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 44.0142,
      "conf_low": 35.856,
      "estimate": 39.9351,
      "measure": "Expected count inaccurate",
      "n": 1157,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 4.04901,
      "conf_low": 1.67111,
      "estimate": 2.86006,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 1154,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 8.96742,
      "conf_low": 2.66717,
      "estimate": 5.81729,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 530,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Democratic",
      "conf_high": 8.54409,
      "conf_low": 3.94306,
      "estimate": 6.24357,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 613,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Neither party",
      "conf_high": 40.4985,
      "conf_low": 24.4873,
      "estimate": 32.4929,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 289,
      "side": "Neither party"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Republican",
      "conf_high": 51.8596,
      "conf_low": 39.6189,
      "estimate": 45.7393,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 585,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 52.0251,
      "conf_low": 37.9759,
      "estimate": 45.0005,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 466,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 71.9377,
      "conf_low": 63.3951,
      "estimate": 67.6664,
      "measure": "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner",
      "n": 958,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 7.04352,
      "conf_low": 2.96828,
      "estimate": 5.0059,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 1152,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Democrat",
      "conf_high": 7.48003,
      "conf_low": 2.21726,
      "estimate": 4.84865,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 529,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Democratic",
      "conf_high": 5.8049,
      "conf_low": 2.45003,
      "estimate": 4.12747,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 610,
      "side": "Democrats"
    },
    {
      "category": "Neither party",
      "conf_high": 36.022,
      "conf_low": 20.1271,
      "estimate": 28.0746,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 284,
      "side": "Neither party"
    },
    {
      "category": "Leans Republican",
      "conf_high": 53.025,
      "conf_low": 40.7916,
      "estimate": 46.9083,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 565,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Not very strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 42.9121,
      "conf_low": 28.1493,
      "estimate": 35.5307,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 466,
      "side": "Republicans"
    },
    {
      "category": "Strong Republican",
      "conf_high": 56.345,
      "conf_low": 47.2629,
      "estimate": 51.804,
      "measure": "FBI account of the January 2021 events",
      "n": 934,
      "side": "Republicans"
    }
  ],
  "id": "by_strength",
  "notes": [
    "The count and violence measures come from the pre-election interview and the 2020 and FBI measures from the post-election interview. Each uses the weight for its interview. Intervals are 95% intervals from a Taylor-series variance that uses the survey strata and primary sampling units, with the t distribution and the design degrees of freedom. A cell needs at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of 100; no plotted cell fell below that floor.",
    "Refusals, break-offs and respondents not asked are left out of each share. The paper questionnaire omitted most of these questions."
  ],
  "source": "ANES 2024 Time Series, pre-election interviews (August to November 2024) and post-election interviews (November 2024 to February 2025); weighted (V240107a and V240107b); 95% design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "All adult citizens": "total",
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents and leaners": "ind",
      "Neither party": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "facet": "measure",
    "facetColumns": 2,
    "group": "side",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "legend": false,
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      80
    ],
    "xDomains": {
      "Expected count inaccurate": [
        0,
        55
      ],
      "FBI account of the January 2021 events": [
        0,
        65
      ],
      "Trump the legitimate 2020 winner": [
        0,
        80
      ],
      "Violence justified at least a little": [
        0,
        45
      ]
    },
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "xLabel": "Share of the group (%)",
    "y": "category"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share giving the answer named above each panel, by the seven categories of party identification; pre-election and post-election interviews, 2024",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "measure",
        "label": "Measure"
      },
      {
        "key": "category",
        "label": "Party identification"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Strong Republicans stood apart from Republican leaners on the 2020 result only, and approval of violence did not rise with strength of identification",
  "type": "dot"
}