{
  "alt": "Two lines with confidence bands show the share of Democrats and of Republicans who said the economy got better, 1980 to 2024, over a background shaded by the party of each president. Each line is high while its own party holds the White House and low otherwise, so the lines cross at every change of party. In 1980, 1990 and 1994 the two lines are close together. In 2016 the Democratic share is {fact:d_share_2016} and the Republican share {fact:r_share_2016}; in 2020 they are {fact:d_share_2020} and {fact:r_share_2020}.",
  "caption": "The line for the president's party is the higher one in every survey year, and the two lines cross at every change of party in the White House. The shaded background marks the president's party. Bands are 95% intervals. The second view groups respondents by whether they share the president's party.",
  "data": [
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 5.89246,
      "conf_low": 3.09242,
      "n": 818,
      "president": "Carter",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 4.27873,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 4.67781,
      "conf_low": 1.74566,
      "n": 523,
      "president": "Carter",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 2.86807,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 5.89246,
      "conf_low": 3.09242,
      "n": 818,
      "president": "Carter",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 4.27873,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 4.67781,
      "conf_low": 1.74566,
      "n": 523,
      "president": "Carter",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 2.86807,
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 8.59127,
      "conf_low": 5.03905,
      "n": 758,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 6.59631,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 26.9271,
      "conf_low": 19.0671,
      "n": 435,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 22.7586,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 26.9271,
      "conf_low": 19.0671,
      "n": 435,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 22.7586,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 8.59127,
      "conf_low": 5.03905,
      "n": 758,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 6.59631,
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 28.6479,
      "conf_low": 23.262,
      "n": 1013,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 25.8638,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 66.9541,
      "conf_low": 60.5738,
      "n": 868,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 63.8249,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 66.9541,
      "conf_low": 60.5738,
      "n": 868,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 63.8249,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 28.6479,
      "conf_low": 23.262,
      "n": 1013,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 25.8638,
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 20.1727,
      "conf_low": 15.5387,
      "n": 1043,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 17.7373,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 35.7362,
      "conf_low": 29.0786,
      "n": 755,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 32.3179,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 35.7362,
      "conf_low": 29.0786,
      "n": 755,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 32.3179,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 20.1727,
      "conf_low": 15.5387,
      "n": 1043,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 17.7373,
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 12.9289,
      "conf_low": 8.91913,
      "n": 920,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 10.7609,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 32.3277,
      "conf_low": 26.0492,
      "n": 801,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 29.0886,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 32.3277,
      "conf_low": 26.0492,
      "n": 801,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 29.0886,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 12.9289,
      "conf_low": 8.91913,
      "n": 920,
      "president": "Reagan",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 10.7609,
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 4.82866,
      "conf_low": 2.52723,
      "n": 1000,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 3.5,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 5.31157,
      "conf_low": 2.5111,
      "n": 710,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 3.66197,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 5.31157,
      "conf_low": 2.5111,
      "n": 710,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 3.66197,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 4.82866,
      "conf_low": 2.52723,
      "n": 1000,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 3.5,
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 3.47634,
      "conf_low": 1.71398,
      "n": 1217,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 2.44485,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 10.0472,
      "conf_low": 6.50015,
      "n": 918,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 8.0983,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 10.0472,
      "conf_low": 6.50015,
      "n": 918,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 8.0983,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 3.47634,
      "conf_low": 1.71398,
      "n": 1217,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 2.44485,
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 40.9697,
      "conf_low": 33.6022,
      "n": 819,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 37.2117,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 37.0137,
      "conf_low": 29.5989,
      "n": 741,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 33.2023,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 40.9697,
      "conf_low": 33.6022,
      "n": 819,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 37.2117,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 37.0137,
      "conf_low": 29.5989,
      "n": 741,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 33.2023,
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 52.2526,
      "conf_low": 44.8928,
      "n": 887,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 48.5649,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 30.17,
      "conf_low": 22.6198,
      "n": 650,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 26.2201,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 52.2526,
      "conf_low": 44.8928,
      "n": 887,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 48.5649,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 30.17,
      "conf_low": 22.6198,
      "n": 650,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 26.2201,
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 57.8069,
      "conf_low": 49.5119,
      "n": 647,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 53.6849,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 43.3152,
      "conf_low": 33.7571,
      "n": 467,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 38.4245,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 57.8069,
      "conf_low": 49.5119,
      "n": 647,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 53.6849,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 43.3152,
      "conf_low": 33.7571,
      "n": 467,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 38.4245,
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 53.3028,
      "conf_low": 45.9116,
      "n": 879,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 49.605,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 30.0901,
      "conf_low": 22.8242,
      "n": 676,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 26.296,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 53.3028,
      "conf_low": 45.9116,
      "n": 879,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 49.605,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 30.0901,
      "conf_low": 22.8242,
      "n": 676,
      "president": "Clinton",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 26.296,
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 5.80383,
      "conf_low": 2.2903,
      "n": 703,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 3.66117,
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 9.39507,
      "conf_low": 4.75226,
      "n": 665,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 6.71014,
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 9.39507,
      "conf_low": 4.75226,
      "n": 665,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 6.71014,
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 5.80383,
      "conf_low": 2.2903,
      "n": 703,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 3.66117,
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 13.0883,
      "conf_low": 7.67959,
      "n": 585,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 10.0658,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 47.4148,
      "conf_low": 37.8548,
      "n": 479,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 42.5653,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 47.4148,
      "conf_low": 37.8548,
      "n": 479,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 42.5653,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 13.0883,
      "conf_low": 7.67959,
      "n": 585,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 10.0658,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 2.43829,
      "conf_low": 0.775677,
      "n": 1362,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 1.3785,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 5.59564,
      "conf_low": 2.21363,
      "n": 651,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 3.53361,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 5.59564,
      "conf_low": 2.21363,
      "n": 651,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 3.53361,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 2.43829,
      "conf_low": 0.775677,
      "n": 1362,
      "president": "Bush",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 1.3785,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 51.2733,
      "conf_low": 46.3574,
      "n": 3091,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 48.8125,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 11.1948,
      "conf_low": 7.9005,
      "n": 1992,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 9.41938,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 51.2733,
      "conf_low": 46.3574,
      "n": 3091,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 48.8125,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 11.1948,
      "conf_low": 7.9005,
      "n": 1992,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 9.41938,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 47.6893,
      "conf_low": 42.3375,
      "n": 1934,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 44.9989,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 13.1407,
      "conf_low": 9.5781,
      "n": 1726,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 11.2367,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 47.6893,
      "conf_low": 42.3375,
      "n": 1934,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 44.9989,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 13.1407,
      "conf_low": 9.5781,
      "n": 1726,
      "president": "Obama",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 11.2367,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 6.26783,
      "conf_low": 4.31439,
      "n": 3829,
      "president": "Trump",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 5.20518,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 38.3506,
      "conf_low": 34.1163,
      "n": 3425,
      "president": "Trump",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 36.2067,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 38.3506,
      "conf_low": 34.1163,
      "n": 3425,
      "president": "Trump",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 36.2067,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 6.26783,
      "conf_low": 4.31439,
      "n": 3829,
      "president": "Trump",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 5.20518,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 39.302,
      "conf_low": 33.8593,
      "n": 2546,
      "president": "Biden",
      "series": "Democrats",
      "share": 36.5377,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "basis": "party",
      "conf_high": 6.16744,
      "conf_low": 3.64403,
      "n": 2331,
      "president": "Biden",
      "series": "Republicans",
      "share": 4.74894,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 39.302,
      "conf_low": 33.8593,
      "n": 2546,
      "president": "Biden",
      "series": "President's party",
      "share": 36.5377,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "basis": "role",
      "conf_high": 6.16744,
      "conf_low": 3.64403,
      "n": 2331,
      "president": "Biden",
      "series": "Other party",
      "share": 4.74894,
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "share_better_anes",
  "notes": [
    "The ANES ran no survey in 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018 or 2022, so each line joins survey years.",
    "Interviews before 2012 were mainly face-to-face; web samples begin in 2012 (see the mode comparison later in the chapter)."
  ],
  "source": "American National Election Studies Cumulative Data File, 1980-2024; weighted (VCF0009z)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Other party": "muted",
      "President's party": "accent",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "eras": "presidents",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1980,
      2024
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "share",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      70
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "yLabel": "Said the economy got better (% of partisans)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of partisans (leaners included) saying the national economy got better over the past year, percent, by party; ANES, 1980 to 2024",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Survey year"
      },
      {
        "key": "basis",
        "label": "Grouping"
      },
      {
        "key": "series",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "president",
        "label": "President"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "share",
        "label": "Share saying better (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Interval low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Interval high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "n"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Each party is more likely to say the economy improved when its own party holds the White House",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "basis": "party"
      },
      "id": "party",
      "label": "Democrats and Republicans"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The two lines group partisans by whether they share the president's party. The president's party has the higher line in every survey year, and the gap between the lines is the in-party premium that the later figures plot. The shaded background marks the president's party. Bands are 95% intervals.",
      "filter": {
        "basis": "role"
      },
      "id": "role",
      "label": "President's party and other party",
      "title": "The president's party has the higher share in every survey year, and the difference has an interval that includes zero in 1980, 1990 and 1994"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}