{
  "alt": "Two panels. The first is a dumbbell chart with one row for each measure, an open dot for the place gap and a solid dot for the party gap, and the party gap lies to the right of the place gap in every row. The second is a dot chart of the ratio of the two with intervals, and every ratio lies to the right of the line for equal gaps.",
  "caption": "The party gap is larger than the place gap on every measure, and the interval for the difference lies above zero on each. The first tab plots the two gaps and the second their ratio with its 95% interval. Abortion is the one question asked in both surveys.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "anes_check",
  "notes": [
    "ANES partisans are strong and not very strong identifiers, which matches the three-point CES measure. Leaners are excluded. State is known for only part of the 2024 ANES sample, and the gun question was not asked in 2024.",
    "Each issue in ANES is a different question from the CES issues except abortion, so only the abortion rows compare the same wording. Intervals come from a bootstrap over the states in the ANES sample and are wide because the deep-state groups are small."
  ],
  "source": "ANES cumulative data file, waves 2012-2024, weighted (VCF0009z); CES cumulative common content, 2013-2021, weighted (weight_cumulative); state returns for the two-party margin",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dumbbell chart with one row for each measure, each an open dot for the place gap and a solid dot for the party gap with intervals. The party gap dot lies to the right of the place gap dot in every row. The ideology scale and the two CES averages have the smallest place gaps; ANES abortion has the largest, with a wide interval.",
          "caption": "The open dot is the place gap (deep-blue minus deep-red states within a party) and the solid dot is the party gap (Democrats minus Republicans within a state type). Issue rows are the share taking the Democratic side; the ideology row is the liberal-conservative scale rescaled so that liberal is {fact:scale_max}. A deep state has a two-party presidential margin of {fact:deep_cut} points or more. The last two rows are the CES averages at the state and county levels.",
          "data": [
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES ideology",
              "n": 3933,
              "party_gap": 41.2823,
              "party_gap_hi": 43.6002,
              "party_gap_lo": 38.7674,
              "place_gap": 4.70546,
              "place_gap_hi": 8.78562,
              "place_gap_lo": 1.73742,
              "ratio": 8.77328,
              "ratio_hi": 24.1582,
              "ratio_lo": 4.68936,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES abortion",
              "n": 4410,
              "party_gap": 42.9334,
              "party_gap_hi": 47.5975,
              "party_gap_lo": 37.6589,
              "place_gap": 17.3554,
              "place_gap_hi": 28.2456,
              "place_gap_lo": 11.1794,
              "ratio": 2.47377,
              "ratio_hi": 4.21641,
              "ratio_lo": 1.45267,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES gun purchase",
              "n": 3752,
              "party_gap": 44.1251,
              "party_gap_hi": 50.0305,
              "party_gap_lo": 40.9505,
              "place_gap": 13.7868,
              "place_gap_hi": 19.2709,
              "place_gap_lo": 6.66893,
              "ratio": 3.20054,
              "ratio_hi": 6.53299,
              "ratio_lo": 2.28549,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES immigration",
              "n": 4005,
              "party_gap": 27.6981,
              "party_gap_hi": 30.4594,
              "party_gap_lo": 23.0395,
              "place_gap": 9.39965,
              "place_gap_hi": 18.013,
              "place_gap_lo": 2.88438,
              "ratio": 2.94671,
              "ratio_hi": 8.96334,
              "ratio_lo": 1.37734,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES job discrimination",
              "n": 3889,
              "party_gap": 16.4816,
              "party_gap_hi": 19.6027,
              "party_gap_lo": 11.5339,
              "place_gap": 5.97284,
              "place_gap_hi": 13.2413,
              "place_gap_lo": 1.60331,
              "ratio": 2.75943,
              "ratio_hi": 8.89512,
              "ratio_lo": 1.0577,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "CES abortion",
              "n": 113602,
              "party_gap": 46.407,
              "party_gap_hi": 48.6832,
              "party_gap_lo": 43.667,
              "place_gap": 14.3057,
              "place_gap_hi": 18.8873,
              "place_gap_lo": 11.1814,
              "ratio": 3.24394,
              "ratio_hi": 4.30399,
              "ratio_lo": 2.33471,
              "survey": "CES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "CES all issues, state",
              "n": 67860,
              "party_gap": 43.3153,
              "party_gap_hi": 45.1895,
              "party_gap_lo": 41.1784,
              "place_gap": 5.4952,
              "place_gap_hi": 8.23924,
              "place_gap_lo": 3.25085,
              "ratio": 7.8824,
              "ratio_hi": 13.739,
              "ratio_lo": 5.12526,
              "survey": "CES"
            },
            {
              "level": "county",
              "measure": "CES all issues, county",
              "n": 118638,
              "party_gap": 43.0936,
              "party_gap_hi": 44.4766,
              "party_gap_lo": 41.801,
              "place_gap": 5.63409,
              "place_gap_hi": 6.61899,
              "place_gap_lo": 4.67739,
              "ratio": 7.64872,
              "ratio_hi": 9.3231,
              "ratio_lo": 6.43394,
              "survey": "CES"
            }
          ],
          "id": "anes_gaps",
          "spec": {
            "hi1": "place_gap_hi",
            "hi2": "party_gap_hi",
            "label1": "Place gap",
            "label2": "Party gap",
            "lo1": "place_gap_lo",
            "lo2": "party_gap_lo",
            "sort": "data",
            "x1": "place_gap",
            "x2": "party_gap",
            "xDomain": [
              0,
              60
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "xLabel": "Gap in points (0 to 100 scale)",
            "y": "measure"
          },
          "subtitle": "Gap in points on a 0 to 100 scale, strong and not very strong partisans in deep states; ANES waves 2012 to 2024 and CES survey years 2013 to 2021",
          "table": {
            "columns": [
              {
                "key": "measure",
                "label": "Measure"
              },
              {
                "key": "level",
                "label": "Place level"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "party_gap",
                "label": "Party gap"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "party_gap_lo",
                "label": "Party gap, low"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "party_gap_hi",
                "label": "Party gap, high"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "place_gap",
                "label": "Place gap"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "place_gap_lo",
                "label": "Place gap, low"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "place_gap_hi",
                "label": "Place gap, high"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 0,
                  "thousands": true
                },
                "key": "n",
                "label": "Respondents"
              }
            ]
          },
          "title": "The party gap is larger than the place gap on every measure in both surveys",
          "type": "dumbbell"
        },
        "label": "Gaps"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot chart with one row for each measure and an interval on each dot, with a dashed line for equal gaps near the left edge. Every dot and every interval lies to the right of that line. The ideology scale has the largest ratio and the widest interval, and ANES abortion has the smallest ratio.",
          "caption": "Each dot is the party gap divided by the place gap, and the dashed line marks equal gaps. The interval for the ideology scale is the widest.",
          "data": [
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES ideology",
              "n": 3933,
              "party_gap": 41.2823,
              "party_gap_hi": 43.6002,
              "party_gap_lo": 38.7674,
              "place_gap": 4.70546,
              "place_gap_hi": 8.78562,
              "place_gap_lo": 1.73742,
              "ratio": 8.77328,
              "ratio_hi": 24.1582,
              "ratio_lo": 4.68936,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES abortion",
              "n": 4410,
              "party_gap": 42.9334,
              "party_gap_hi": 47.5975,
              "party_gap_lo": 37.6589,
              "place_gap": 17.3554,
              "place_gap_hi": 28.2456,
              "place_gap_lo": 11.1794,
              "ratio": 2.47377,
              "ratio_hi": 4.21641,
              "ratio_lo": 1.45267,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES gun purchase",
              "n": 3752,
              "party_gap": 44.1251,
              "party_gap_hi": 50.0305,
              "party_gap_lo": 40.9505,
              "place_gap": 13.7868,
              "place_gap_hi": 19.2709,
              "place_gap_lo": 6.66893,
              "ratio": 3.20054,
              "ratio_hi": 6.53299,
              "ratio_lo": 2.28549,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES immigration",
              "n": 4005,
              "party_gap": 27.6981,
              "party_gap_hi": 30.4594,
              "party_gap_lo": 23.0395,
              "place_gap": 9.39965,
              "place_gap_hi": 18.013,
              "place_gap_lo": 2.88438,
              "ratio": 2.94671,
              "ratio_hi": 8.96334,
              "ratio_lo": 1.37734,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "ANES job discrimination",
              "n": 3889,
              "party_gap": 16.4816,
              "party_gap_hi": 19.6027,
              "party_gap_lo": 11.5339,
              "place_gap": 5.97284,
              "place_gap_hi": 13.2413,
              "place_gap_lo": 1.60331,
              "ratio": 2.75943,
              "ratio_hi": 8.89512,
              "ratio_lo": 1.0577,
              "survey": "ANES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "CES abortion",
              "n": 113602,
              "party_gap": 46.407,
              "party_gap_hi": 48.6832,
              "party_gap_lo": 43.667,
              "place_gap": 14.3057,
              "place_gap_hi": 18.8873,
              "place_gap_lo": 11.1814,
              "ratio": 3.24394,
              "ratio_hi": 4.30399,
              "ratio_lo": 2.33471,
              "survey": "CES"
            },
            {
              "level": "state",
              "measure": "CES all issues, state",
              "n": 67860,
              "party_gap": 43.3153,
              "party_gap_hi": 45.1895,
              "party_gap_lo": 41.1784,
              "place_gap": 5.4952,
              "place_gap_hi": 8.23924,
              "place_gap_lo": 3.25085,
              "ratio": 7.8824,
              "ratio_hi": 13.739,
              "ratio_lo": 5.12526,
              "survey": "CES"
            },
            {
              "level": "county",
              "measure": "CES all issues, county",
              "n": 118638,
              "party_gap": 43.0936,
              "party_gap_hi": 44.4766,
              "party_gap_lo": 41.801,
              "place_gap": 5.63409,
              "place_gap_hi": 6.61899,
              "place_gap_lo": 4.67739,
              "ratio": 7.64872,
              "ratio_hi": 9.3231,
              "ratio_lo": 6.43394,
              "survey": "CES"
            }
          ],
          "id": "anes_ratios",
          "spec": {
            "hi": "ratio_hi",
            "lo": "ratio_lo",
            "n": "n",
            "reference": 1,
            "referenceLabel": "Equal gaps",
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "ratio",
            "xDomain": [
              0,
              30
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "xLabel": "Party gap divided by place gap",
            "y": "measure"
          },
          "subtitle": "Party gap divided by place gap, with 95% intervals, strong and not very strong partisans in deep states; ANES waves 2012 to 2024 and CES survey years 2013 to 2021",
          "table": {
            "columns": [
              {
                "key": "measure",
                "label": "Measure"
              },
              {
                "key": "level",
                "label": "Place level"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "ratio",
                "label": "Ratio"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "ratio_lo",
                "label": "Ratio, low"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 1
                },
                "key": "ratio_hi",
                "label": "Ratio, high"
              },
              {
                "format": {
                  "digits": 0,
                  "thousands": true
                },
                "key": "n",
                "label": "Respondents"
              }
            ]
          },
          "title": "Among the ANES measures, only the abortion ratio has an interval below the one for the ideology scale",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Ratio"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Party gap and place gap at the state level, and their ratio, by measure; ANES waves 2012 to 2024 and CES survey years 2013 to 2021",
  "title": "In both surveys the party gap is larger than the place gap on every measure",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}