{
  "alt": "One panel with three lines for GSS respondents from 2004 to 2024: in-person interviews, web interviews and all interviews. The web line runs above the in-person line in 2022 and 2024, 2021 has a web estimate and no in-person estimate, and the in-person estimate is {fact:gss_ip_2018} in 2018 and {fact:gss_ip_2024} in 2024 while the all-interviews estimate rises from {fact:gss_r_2018} in 2018 to {fact:gss_r_2024} in 2024.",
  "caption": "The web minus in-person difference is {fact:mode_gss_2022} in 2022 and {fact:mode_gss_2024} in 2024. The in-person estimate is {fact:gss_ip_2018} in 2018 and {fact:gss_ip_2024} in 2024, while the all-interviews estimate goes from {fact:gss_r_2018} to {fact:gss_r_2024}. 2021 has a web estimate of {fact:gss_web_2021} and no in-person estimate. In the ANES, the interval of the web minus face-to-face difference includes zero in 2012, 2016 and 2024.",
  "data": [
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.4811,
      "conf_low": 0.3766,
      "estimate": 0.4303,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 1289,
      "n_eff": 937.4,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.4961,
      "conf_low": 0.4398,
      "estimate": 0.4684,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 4253,
      "n_eff": 2951.6,
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.5238,
      "conf_low": 0.4412,
      "estimate": 0.4835,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 1890,
      "n_eff": 1324.2,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.5392,
      "conf_low": 0.4552,
      "estimate": 0.4984,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 1914,
      "n_eff": 1231.3,
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.5134,
      "conf_low": 0.4233,
      "estimate": 0.4696,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 1815,
      "n_eff": 1153.4,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.5298,
      "conf_low": 0.4587,
      "estimate": 0.4951,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 2368,
      "n_eff": 1733.6,
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.534,
      "conf_low": 0.4643,
      "estimate": 0.5,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 2668,
      "n_eff": 1781.6,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.5984,
      "conf_low": 0.5236,
      "estimate": 0.5621,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 2149,
      "n_eff": 1285.1,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.6652,
      "conf_low": 0.6192,
      "estimate": 0.6428,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 3833,
      "n_eff": 2500.7,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.6585,
      "conf_low": 0.5924,
      "estimate": 0.6266,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 3303,
      "n_eff": 1304,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band_high": null,
      "band_low": null,
      "conf_high": 0.6601,
      "conf_low": 0.6003,
      "estimate": 0.6311,
      "interview": "All interviews",
      "n": 3062,
      "n_eff": 1557.1,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.4966,
      "band_low": 0.382,
      "conf_high": 0.4966,
      "conf_low": 0.382,
      "estimate": 0.4411,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1025,
      "n_eff": 760.8,
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.4936,
      "band_low": 0.4356,
      "conf_high": 0.4936,
      "conf_low": 0.4356,
      "estimate": 0.4651,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 3972,
      "n_eff": 2811.5,
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.5064,
      "band_low": 0.4166,
      "conf_high": 0.5064,
      "conf_low": 0.4166,
      "estimate": 0.4627,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1667,
      "n_eff": 1180,
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.5368,
      "band_low": 0.4472,
      "conf_high": 0.5368,
      "conf_low": 0.4472,
      "estimate": 0.4933,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1706,
      "n_eff": 1099.7,
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.5178,
      "band_low": 0.422,
      "conf_high": 0.5178,
      "conf_low": 0.422,
      "estimate": 0.4713,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1579,
      "n_eff": 1016.3,
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.5222,
      "band_low": 0.4448,
      "conf_high": 0.5222,
      "conf_low": 0.4448,
      "estimate": 0.4845,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 2054,
      "n_eff": 1503.2,
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.5432,
      "band_low": 0.4716,
      "conf_high": 0.5432,
      "conf_low": 0.4716,
      "estimate": 0.5083,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 2487,
      "n_eff": 1650.5,
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.593,
      "band_low": 0.5137,
      "conf_high": 0.593,
      "conf_low": 0.5137,
      "estimate": 0.5546,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1920,
      "n_eff": 1176.5,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.6368,
      "band_low": 0.5281,
      "conf_high": 0.6368,
      "conf_low": 0.5281,
      "estimate": 0.5851,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1424,
      "n_eff": 565.5,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.6149,
      "band_low": 0.4982,
      "conf_high": 0.6149,
      "conf_low": 0.4982,
      "estimate": 0.5593,
      "interview": "In person",
      "n": 1029,
      "n_eff": 536.4,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.6706,
      "band_low": 0.622,
      "conf_high": 0.6706,
      "conf_low": 0.622,
      "estimate": 0.6469,
      "interview": "Web",
      "n": 3370,
      "n_eff": 2198.4,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.7299,
      "band_low": 0.6495,
      "conf_high": 0.7299,
      "conf_low": 0.6495,
      "estimate": 0.6919,
      "interview": "Web",
      "n": 1561,
      "n_eff": 650.3,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band_high": 0.7343,
      "band_low": 0.6655,
      "conf_high": 0.7343,
      "conf_low": 0.6655,
      "estimate": 0.7015,
      "interview": "Web",
      "n": 1683,
      "n_eff": 842.9,
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "mode",
  "notes": [
    "Telephone and other GSS interviews are in the all-interviews line and in neither of the other two. The all-interviews line has no band; its intervals are in the data table."
  ],
  "source": "GSS, 2004-2024 (weight_use, interview mode from the raw file); all estimates weighted",
  "spec": {
    "breaks": [
      2020
    ],
    "colors": {
      "All interviews": "muted",
      "In person": "total",
      "Web": "accent"
    },
    "dashed": [
      "All interviews"
    ],
    "hi": "band_high",
    "lo": "band_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "interview",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      2003,
      2025
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0.3,
      0.9
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Correlation between party and ideology"
  },
  "subtitle": "Weighted party-ideology correlation by interview mode among GSS respondents who answered both questions, 2004 to 2024; bands are 95% intervals for the in-person and web lines",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "interview",
        "label": "Interview mode"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Estimate"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Interval low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Interval high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_eff",
        "label": "Effective n"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "In the GSS, web respondents show a higher correlation than in-person respondents",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "wide"
}