{
  "alt": "A dot plot with one row per group and two dots per row joined by a line, an open dot for 1980 to 1988 and a filled dot for 2020 to 2024. Every line runs to the right. The rows for the South and for high school or less start near the left of the axis and end near the right, and the row for college graduates starts furthest right and moves less than the rows for high school or less and for some college.",
  "caption": "College graduates start highest and rise less than the other education groups, and every group moves to the right. Open dot: 1980 to 1988. Filled dot: 2020 to 2024. The GSS view uses in-person interviews only in 2020 to 2024 and has no group for people born before 1943, who are too few in that window.",
  "data": [
    {
      "change": 0.3376,
      "group": "Everyone",
      "hi1": 0.414,
      "hi2": 0.7427,
      "lo1": 0.3728,
      "lo2": 0.7193,
      "n1": 6482,
      "n2": 11757,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.3936,
      "x2": 0.7312
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3546,
      "group": "Born 1943 to 1974",
      "hi1": 0.4098,
      "hi2": 0.752,
      "lo1": 0.3539,
      "lo2": 0.7209,
      "n1": 3584,
      "n2": 6093,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.3822,
      "x2": 0.7368
    },
    {
      "change": 0.2529,
      "group": "Born before 1943",
      "hi1": 0.4433,
      "hi2": 0.7206,
      "lo1": 0.3827,
      "lo2": 0.604,
      "n1": 2879,
      "n2": 684,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.4134,
      "x2": 0.6664
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3549,
      "group": "High school or less",
      "hi1": 0.2967,
      "hi2": 0.6523,
      "lo1": 0.2313,
      "lo2": 0.5837,
      "n1": 3106,
      "n2": 2087,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.2643,
      "x2": 0.6192
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3067,
      "group": "Some college",
      "hi1": 0.4611,
      "hi2": 0.7502,
      "lo1": 0.3844,
      "lo2": 0.7087,
      "n1": 1761,
      "n2": 3781,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.4235,
      "x2": 0.7302
    },
    {
      "change": 0.1854,
      "group": "College graduate",
      "hi1": 0.6401,
      "hi2": 0.8075,
      "lo1": 0.5777,
      "lo2": 0.7824,
      "n1": 1560,
      "n2": 5759,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.6099,
      "x2": 0.7953
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3971,
      "group": "South",
      "hi1": 0.3502,
      "hi2": 0.7302,
      "lo1": 0.2715,
      "lo2": 0.6854,
      "n1": 2027,
      "n2": 3525,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.3114,
      "x2": 0.7085
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3104,
      "group": "Outside the South",
      "hi1": 0.4619,
      "hi2": 0.7637,
      "lo1": 0.4145,
      "lo2": 0.7333,
      "n1": 4455,
      "n2": 6103,
      "survey": "ANES",
      "x1": 0.4385,
      "x2": 0.7489
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3102,
      "group": "Everyone",
      "hi1": 0.2865,
      "hi2": 0.6152,
      "lo1": 0.2446,
      "lo2": 0.5336,
      "n1": 11201,
      "n2": 2453,
      "survey": "GSS",
      "x1": 0.2656,
      "x2": 0.5758
    },
    {
      "change": 0.3229,
      "group": "Born 1943 to 1974",
      "hi1": 0.2939,
      "hi2": 0.6435,
      "lo1": 0.2361,
      "lo2": 0.5265,
      "n1": 5860,
      "n2": 1153,
      "survey": "GSS",
      "x1": 0.2652,
      "x2": 0.5881
    },
    {
      "change": 0.2916,
      "group": "No bachelor's degree",
      "hi1": 0.2263,
      "hi2": 0.5468,
      "lo1": 0.1784,
      "lo2": 0.4375,
      "n1": 9220,
      "n2": 1751,
      "survey": "GSS",
      "x1": 0.2025,
      "x2": 0.4941
    },
    {
      "change": 0.2076,
      "group": "Bachelor's degree or more",
      "hi1": 0.5899,
      "hi2": 0.8058,
      "lo1": 0.5175,
      "lo2": 0.7107,
      "n1": 1961,
      "n2": 702,
      "survey": "GSS",
      "x1": 0.5548,
      "x2": 0.7623
    }
  ],
  "id": "eras",
  "notes": [
    "Americans born 1975 or later have no 1980 to 1988 reading, so they are not in the comparison. Their 2020 to 2024 correlation is {fact:young_r_2020s}."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1980-1988 and 2020-2024 (weight VCF0009z); GSS, 1980-1988 and 2020-2024 in-person interviews (weight_use); all estimates weighted",
  "spec": {
    "hi1": "hi1",
    "hi2": "hi2",
    "label1": "1980-88",
    "label2": "2020-24",
    "lo1": "lo1",
    "lo2": "lo2",
    "n1": "n1",
    "n2": "n2",
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "x1",
    "x2": "x2",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      1
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 2
    },
    "xLabel": "Correlation between party and ideology",
    "y": "group"
  },
  "subtitle": "Weighted party-ideology correlation estimated from all respondents in 1980 to 1988 together and in 2020 to 2024 together, by group, with 95% intervals; rows run by classification and, within each, by the size of the change",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "survey",
        "label": "Survey"
      },
      {
        "key": "group",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "x1",
        "label": "1980 to 1988"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "lo1",
        "label": "Low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "hi1",
        "label": "High"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n1",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "x2",
        "label": "2020 to 2024"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "lo2",
        "label": "Low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "hi2",
        "label": "High"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0,
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n2",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "change",
        "label": "Change"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The correlation rose in every group, and less among college graduates than among other education groups",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "survey": "ANES"
      },
      "id": "anes",
      "label": "ANES, all interviews"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "survey": "GSS"
      },
      "id": "gss",
      "label": "GSS, in-person interviews"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}