{
  "anes_chg": {
    "ci": [
      0.31,
      0.36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.34",
    "estimand": "change in the pooled ANES correlation between the two windows; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 18239,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.337623,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_d_1972_1982": {
    "ci": [
      0.02,
      0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.09",
    "estimand": "1982 minus 1972 ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2436,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972 and 1982",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0944127,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_d_1982_1992": {
    "ci": [
      -0.04,
      0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.02",
    "estimand": "1992 minus 1982 ANES correlation (1982 is the highest estimate before 1992); standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2710,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1982 and 1992",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0220568,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_d_2008_2016": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.08",
    "estimand": "2016 minus 2008 ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 4905,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 and 2016",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0845883,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_d_2020_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -0.04,
      0.01
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.01",
    "estimand": "2024 minus 2020 ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 11757,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.0139551,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_dem_con_1972": {
    "ci": [
      22,
      28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 24.6134,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_dem_con_2024": {
    "ci": [
      7,
      10
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2310,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 8.18071,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_dem_lib_1972": {
    "ci": [
      33,
      40
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 36.0825,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_dem_lib_2024": {
    "ci": [
      59,
      65
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "62%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2310,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 61.701,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_ftf_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.68,
      0.77
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.72",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 868,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.723385,
    "weights": "weight_ftf"
  },
  "anes_gap_1972": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.58",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 0.582967,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1972_year": {
    "ci": [
      0.58,
      0.78
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.68",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the same-year standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement in the same year",
    "value": 0.67575,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1.53,
      1.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.60",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.60052,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2024_year": {
    "ci": [
      1.37,
      1.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.43",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the same-year standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement in the same year",
    "value": 1.43378,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_pts_1972": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.9",
    "estimand": "weighted mean self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the seven-point liberal-conservative scale",
    "value": 0.865068,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_pts_2024": {
    "ci": [
      2.3,
      2.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.4",
    "estimand": "weighted mean self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the seven-point liberal-conservative scale",
    "value": 2.37502,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_placed_1972": {
    "ci": [
      55,
      59
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2695,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 57.3284,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_placed_2000": {
    "ci": [
      32,
      37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 1792,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 34.2006,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_placed_2024": {
    "ci": [
      82,
      85
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "84%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 5483,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 83.7726,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_1972": {
    "ci": [
      0.27,
      0.36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.32",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1545,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.320158,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_1982": {
    "ci": [
      0.36,
      0.47
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 891,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1982",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.41457,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_2020": {
    "ci": [
      0.72,
      0.75
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.74",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 7041,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.736841,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.72,
      0.74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.73",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 11757,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.731201,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      0.74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.72",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 4716,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.722886,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.37,
      0.41
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.39",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 6482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.393578,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_rep_con_1972": {
    "ci": [
      49,
      57
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "53%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 595,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 53.4454,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_rep_con_2024": {
    "ci": [
      75,
      80
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "77%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2172,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 77.3538,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_rep_lib_1972": {
    "ci": [
      11,
      16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 595,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 13.1092,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_rep_lib_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2172,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 4.37014,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_sd": {
    "display": "1.48",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who placed themselves, all survey years 1972-2024 pooled",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the seven-point liberal-conservative scale",
    "value": 1.48391,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_sd_1972": {
    "display": "1.28",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of liberal-conservative self-placement within the year",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES respondents who placed themselves that year",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the seven-point liberal-conservative scale",
    "value": 1.28016,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_sd_2024": {
    "display": "1.66",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of liberal-conservative self-placement within the year",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who placed themselves that year",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the seven-point liberal-conservative scale",
    "value": 1.65648,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ces_d_2006_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.05,
      0.07
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.06",
    "estimand": "2024 minus 2006 CES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 89590,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006 and 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.060738,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ces_d_2008_2016": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      -0.08
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.09",
    "estimand": "2016 minus 2008 CES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 88727,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 and 2016",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.087432,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ces_dem_lib_2006": {
    "ci": [
      46,
      48
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 15560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 47.0869,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_dem_lib_2024": {
    "ci": [
      59,
      61
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 28559,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 59.8855,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_gap_2006": {
    "ci": [
      1.3,
      1.34
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.32",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 30222,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.32138,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_gap_2008": {
    "ci": [
      1.44,
      1.49
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.47",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 27354,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.46557,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_gap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      1.12,
      1.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.14",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 50082,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.14232,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1.58,
      1.62
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.60",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 49320,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.60147,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_r_2006": {
    "ci": [
      0.65,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.66",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 33755,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.658359,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_r_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.67,
      0.68
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.68",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 29939,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.677448,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_r_2016": {
    "ci": [
      0.58,
      0.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.59",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 58788,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.590016,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.685,
      0.692
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.69",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 211673,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.688727,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.71,
      0.73
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.72",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 55835,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.719097,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_rep_con_2006": {
    "ci": [
      72,
      74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "73%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 14662,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 72.8454,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "ces_rep_con_2024": {
    "ci": [
      72,
      74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "73%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 20761,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 73.2207,
    "weights": "weight (single wave); weight_cumulative (pooled years)"
  },
  "college_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.78,
      0.81
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.80",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 5759,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'College graduate' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.795291,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "college_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.58,
      0.64
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.61",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'College graduate' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.609862,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "college_vs_hs_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -0.23,
      -0.11
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.17",
    "estimand": "change in the pooled ANES correlation among college graduates minus the change among respondents with high school or less; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 12512,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES college graduates and respondents with high school or less (disjoint education groups)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in changes of correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.169503,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "college_vs_some_chg": {
    "ci": [
      -0.18,
      -0.07
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.12",
    "estimand": "change in the pooled ANES correlation among college graduates minus the change among respondents with some college; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 12861,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES college graduates and respondents with some college (disjoint education groups)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in changes of correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.121261,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "d_anes_ces_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.03,
      0.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.04",
    "estimand": "ANES minus CES pooled correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 223430,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0424736,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "d_anes_gss_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.10",
    "estimand": "ANES minus GSS pooled correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 21955,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0965045,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "d_anes_gss_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.13",
    "estimand": "ANES minus GSS pooled correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 17683,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.12793,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "d_ces_gss_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.07
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.05",
    "estimand": "CES minus GSS pooled correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 221871,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, not sure excluded) and an ideology answer (not sure excluded)",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0540309,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative; weight_use"
  },
  "design_ratio_max": {
    "display": "1.68",
    "estimand": "largest ratio of the jackknife standard error over primary sampling units within strata to the model-based standard error of the correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018, 2022 and 2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with both answers in the 7 year-and-mode cells behind the interview-mode comparison",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "ratio of standard errors",
    "value": 1.6759,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "design_ratio_min": {
    "display": "1.13",
    "estimand": "smallest ratio of the jackknife standard error over primary sampling units within strata to the model-based standard error of the correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018, 2022 and 2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with both answers in the 7 year-and-mode cells behind the interview-mode comparison",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "ratio of standard errors",
    "value": 1.12708,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gap_off_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -0.02,
      0.23
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.10",
    "estimand": "ANES minus GSS distance between the party centers; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 6786,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES and GSS identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in standard deviations of self-placement (each survey in its own survey-wide standard deviation)",
    "value": 0.102042,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight_use"
  },
  "gap_off_pos": {
    "display": "19",
    "estimand": "count of matched years in which the ANES distance between the party centers exceeds the GSS distance (each in its own standard deviations)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "years in which both the ANES and the GSS asked both questions",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 19,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "gap_off_sig": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "count of matched years in which the interval of the ANES minus GSS distance lies above zero (each in its own standard deviations)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "years in which both the ANES and the GSS asked both questions",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "gss_chg": {
    "ci": [
      0.34,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.37",
    "estimand": "change in the pooled GSS correlation between the two windows; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 21399,
    "note": "The 2020-2024 window includes web interviews.",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.369048,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_d_1980_1986": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.17",
    "estimand": "1986 minus 1980 GSS correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2808,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980 and 1986",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.166444,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_d_1986_1993": {
    "ci": [
      -0.05,
      0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.02",
    "estimand": "1993 minus 1986 GSS correlation (1986 is the highest estimate before 1993); standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2918,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1986 and 1993",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0244758,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_dem_lib_1974": {
    "ci": [
      32,
      40
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 789,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 35.9504,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_dem_lib_2024": {
    "ci": [
      55,
      63
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "59%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the liberal camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 1215,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS Democrat identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 58.8616,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gap_1974": {
    "ci": [
      0.27,
      0.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.39",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 1208,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 0.386715,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1.39,
      1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.50",
    "estimand": "weighted mean ideological self-placement of Republican identifiers minus that of Democratic identifiers, divided by the survey-wide standard deviation of placements",
    "n": 2304,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS identifiers (leaners included; pure independents excluded) who placed themselves",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of self-placement (survey-wide, all years pooled)",
    "value": 1.49848,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_ip_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.51,
      0.59
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.55",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1920,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018, in-person interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.554609,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_ip_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      0.61
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.56",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1029,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, in-person interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.559311,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_ip_d_2018_2024_design": {
    "ci": [
      -0.09,
      0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.00",
    "estimand": "2024 minus 2018 GSS correlation among in-person respondents; jackknife standard error over primary sampling units within strata, normal interval",
    "n": 2949,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018 and 2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.00470196,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_placed_1974": {
    "ci": [
      95,
      97
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "96%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 1402,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 96.2241,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_placed_2002": {
    "ci": [
      46,
      51
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 2681,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2002",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 48.3927,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_placed_2024": {
    "ci": [
      94,
      96
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "96%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale, Wilson interval",
    "n": 3185,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (other party and not sure excluded)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification",
    "value": 95.5045,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_1974": {
    "ci": [
      0.12,
      0.23
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.17",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1345,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.173328,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_1980": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1418,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.144296,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_1986": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.31",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 1390,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1986",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.31074,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.52,
      0.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.56",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 2149,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.562143,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.62,
      0.65
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.63",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 10198,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021, 2022 and 2024, waves pooled; web and in-person interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.634697,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_2020s_inperson": {
    "ci": [
      0.53,
      0.62
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.58",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 2453,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, waves pooled; in-person interviews only",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.575815,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.6,
      0.66
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.63",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 3062,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.631137,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.24,
      0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.27",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 11201,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.265649,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_rep_con_1974": {
    "ci": [
      37,
      47
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 419,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 41.8652,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_rep_con_2024": {
    "ci": [
      67,
      74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "71%",
    "estimand": "weighted share in the conservative camp, Wilson interval",
    "n": 1089,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS Republican identifiers (leaners included) who placed themselves on the liberal-conservative scale",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the party's identifiers who placed themselves",
    "value": 70.8572,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_web_2021": {
    "ci": [
      0.62,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.65",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 3370,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021, web interviews",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.646937,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "hs_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.58,
      0.65
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.62",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 2087,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'High school or less' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.619206,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "hs_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.23,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.26",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 3106,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'High school or less' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.264274,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "mode_anes_2012": {
    "ci": [
      -0.07,
      0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.02",
    "estimand": "web minus face-to-face ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 5288,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.0242033,
    "weights": "weight_web; weight_ftf"
  },
  "mode_anes_2016": {
    "ci": [
      -0.01,
      0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.04",
    "estimand": "web minus face-to-face ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 3298,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0364615,
    "weights": "weight_web; weight_ftf"
  },
  "mode_anes_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -0.02,
      0.08
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.03",
    "estimand": "web minus face-to-face ANES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2587,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0291419,
    "weights": "weight_web; weight_ftf"
  },
  "mode_gss_2022": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.17
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.11",
    "estimand": "web minus in-person GSS correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2985,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.106766,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "mode_gss_2022_design": {
    "ci": [
      0.03,
      0.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.11",
    "estimand": "web minus in-person GSS correlation; jackknife standard error over primary sampling units within strata, normal interval",
    "n": 2985,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.106766,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "mode_gss_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.07,
      0.21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "web minus in-person GSS correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2712,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.142221,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "mode_gss_2024_design": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "web minus in-person GSS correlation; jackknife standard error over primary sampling units within strata, normal interval",
    "n": 2712,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with a party identification (leaners kept, other party excluded) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.142221,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "n_design_cells": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of GSS year and interview-mode cells whose correlation was re-estimated with a design-based standard error",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018-2024",
    "population": "GSS cells behind the interview-mode comparison (2018, 2022, 2024)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "year-and-mode cells",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "n_groups": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of groups compared across the two windows",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 and 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES cohort, education and region groups with a reading in both windows",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "groups",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "n_groups_rose": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of groups whose change between the windows has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 and 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES cohort, education and region groups with a reading in both windows",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "groups",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "n_gss_groups": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of groups compared across the two windows",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 and 2020-2024",
    "population": "GSS cohort and education groups with a reading in both windows (in-person interviews)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "groups",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "n_gss_groups_rose": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of groups whose change between the windows has an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 and 2020-2024",
    "population": "GSS cohort and education groups with a reading in both windows (in-person interviews)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "groups",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "n_lens_groups": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of groups with a yearly correlation line",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "ANES birth-cohort, education and region groups",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "groups",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "nonsouth_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.73,
      0.76
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.75",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 6103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'Outside the South' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.748935,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "nonsouth_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.41,
      0.46
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.44",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 4455,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'Outside the South' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.438486,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_ces_max": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.11",
    "estimand": "ANES minus CES correlation in the year of the largest difference; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 62086,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.107387,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_ces_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.01,
      0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.02",
    "estimand": "mean over matched years of the ANES minus CES correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 270879,
    "note": "Mean of yearly differences between two independent surveys.",
    "period": "2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0165201,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_ces_min": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      -0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.06",
    "estimand": "ANES minus CES correlation in the year of the smallest difference; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 31546,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": -0.0646334,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_gss_k": {
    "display": "19",
    "estimand": "count of matched survey years",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "years in which both the ANES and the GSS asked both questions",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 19,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "off_gss_max": {
    "ci": [
      0.16,
      0.33
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.24",
    "estimand": "ANES minus GSS correlation in the year of the largest difference; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2422,
    "note": "Year 1980.",
    "period": "1980",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.243435,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_gss_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.12,
      0.15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "mean over matched years of the ANES minus GSS correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 69077,
    "note": "Mean of yearly differences between two independent surveys.",
    "period": "1974-2024, 19 matched survey years",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.138494,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_gss_min": {
    "ci": [
      -0.02,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.05",
    "estimand": "ANES minus GSS correlation in the year of the smallest difference; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 2616,
    "note": "Year 1990.",
    "period": "1990",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0495012,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "off_gss_ns": {
    "display": "2",
    "estimand": "count of matched years in which the interval of the ANES minus GSS difference includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "matched ANES and GSS survey years",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "off_gss_pos": {
    "display": "19",
    "estimand": "count of matched years in which the ANES correlation exceeds the GSS correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "matched ANES and GSS survey years",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 19,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "off_gss_sig": {
    "display": "17",
    "estimand": "count of matched years in which the interval of the ANES minus GSS difference lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974-2024",
    "population": "matched ANES and GSS survey years",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 17,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "off_inperson_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.16",
    "estimand": "ANES face-to-face minus GSS in-person correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 1897,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.164074,
    "weights": "weight_ftf; weight_use"
  },
  "off_inperson_k": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of matched years with mode information in both surveys",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2024",
    "population": "years in which both the ANES and the GSS identify in-person interviews",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "count of yearly estimates, each weighted"
  },
  "off_inperson_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.13,
      0.19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.16",
    "estimand": "mean over matched years of the ANES face-to-face minus GSS in-person correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 11594,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008, 2012, 2016 and 2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.158665,
    "weights": "weight_ftf; weight_use"
  },
  "off_web_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.01,
      0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.05",
    "estimand": "ANES web minus GSS web correlation; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 3402,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a party identification (leaners kept) and a liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.0509943,
    "weights": "weight_web; weight_use"
  },
  "old_chg": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.25",
    "estimand": "change in the pooled ANES correlation among respondents born before 1943; standard errors of independent estimates combined in quadrature",
    "n": 3563,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents born before 1943 with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "difference in correlation coefficients",
    "value": 0.252926,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "old_neff_2024": {
    "display": "104",
    "estimand": "Kish effective sample size of the weighted 2024 sample behind the yearly correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents born before 1943 with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "effective respondents (Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 104.489,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "old_r_2016": {
    "ci": [
      0.66,
      0.79
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.73",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 297,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016, yearly estimate",
    "population": "ANES respondents born before 1943 with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.7345,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "old_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.6,
      0.72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.67",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 684,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'Born before 1943' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.66637,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "old_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.48,
      0.72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.61",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 217,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, yearly estimate",
    "population": "ANES respondents born before 1943 with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.611951,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "old_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.38,
      0.44
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 2879,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'Born before 1943' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.413444,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.69,
      0.73
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.71",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 3525,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'South' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.708505,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_r_reagan": {
    "ci": [
      0.27,
      0.35
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.31",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 2027,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'South' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.311382,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "young_r_2020s": {
    "ci": [
      0.72,
      0.76
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.74",
    "estimand": "weighted Pearson correlation between party identification and liberal-conservative self-placement",
    "n": 4577,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 and 2024, waves pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents in the group 'Born 1975 or later' with both answers",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, minus 1 to plus 1",
    "value": 0.738338,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  }
}