{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with five rows, one for each campaign activity, each joining a ring for the association with warmth toward the own party to a solid dot for coldness toward the other party. In 2012 to 2024 the solid dot is to the right of the ring by the most for persuading others and for giving money, slightly to the right for meetings and for working, and level with it for buttons. Views show 1992 to 2008 and 1978 to 1990.",
  "caption": "The solid dot (coldness toward the other party) lies well to the right of the ring (warmth toward the own party) for persuading others and giving money in 2012 to 2024, and for displaying a button the two dots overlap. In 1978 to 1990 the intervals for the difference include zero for persuading and giving money, and warmth leads for displaying a button. The five items are VCF0717 to VCF0721. Coldness is {fact:therm_max} minus the rating of the other party.",
  "data": [
    {
      "activity": "Tried to persuade others how to vote",
      "cold_conf_high": 2.36551,
      "cold_conf_low": 1.5479,
      "cold_estimate": 1.9567,
      "diff_conf_high": 1.11351,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.143789,
      "diff_estimate": 0.484859,
      "n": 10648,
      "period": "1978 to 1990",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.94055,
      "warm_conf_low": 1.00314,
      "warm_estimate": 1.47184
    },
    {
      "activity": "Attended a meeting or rally",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.816481,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.28784,
      "cold_estimate": 0.55216,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.182598,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.604699,
      "diff_estimate": -0.21105,
      "n": 10656,
      "period": "1978 to 1990",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.0514,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.475027,
      "warm_estimate": 0.763211
    },
    {
      "activity": "Worked for a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.701307,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.299959,
      "cold_estimate": 0.500633,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.41951,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.159263,
      "diff_estimate": 0.130123,
      "n": 10646,
      "period": "1978 to 1990",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.587844,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.153176,
      "warm_estimate": 0.37051
    },
    {
      "activity": "Displayed a button or sticker",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.96478,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.419531,
      "cold_estimate": 0.692156,
      "diff_conf_high": -0.11569,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.898407,
      "diff_estimate": -0.507048,
      "n": 10656,
      "period": "1978 to 1990",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.49554,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.902863,
      "warm_estimate": 1.1992
    },
    {
      "activity": "Gave money to a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 1.20999,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.656364,
      "cold_estimate": 0.933179,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.704956,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.115598,
      "diff_estimate": 0.294679,
      "n": 10634,
      "period": "1978 to 1990",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.942868,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.334132,
      "warm_estimate": 0.6385
    },
    {
      "activity": "Tried to persuade others how to vote",
      "cold_conf_high": 4.19645,
      "cold_conf_low": 3.22373,
      "cold_estimate": 3.71009,
      "diff_conf_high": 3.61631,
      "diff_conf_low": 2.06587,
      "diff_estimate": 2.84109,
      "n": 10006,
      "period": "1992 to 2008",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.44538,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.292618,
      "warm_estimate": 0.868997
    },
    {
      "activity": "Attended a meeting or rally",
      "cold_conf_high": 1.18573,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.645484,
      "cold_estimate": 0.915606,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.594095,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.157913,
      "diff_estimate": 0.218091,
      "n": 10006,
      "period": "1992 to 2008",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.991267,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.403762,
      "warm_estimate": 0.697515
    },
    {
      "activity": "Worked for a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.774823,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.381316,
      "cold_estimate": 0.578069,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.524512,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.00861871,
      "diff_estimate": 0.257947,
      "n": 10004,
      "period": "1992 to 2008",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.522719,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.117527,
      "warm_estimate": 0.320123
    },
    {
      "activity": "Displayed a button or sticker",
      "cold_conf_high": 1.87867,
      "cold_conf_low": 1.1346,
      "cold_estimate": 1.50663,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.452277,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.674767,
      "diff_estimate": -0.111245,
      "n": 10007,
      "period": "1992 to 2008",
      "warm_conf_high": 2.03138,
      "warm_conf_low": 1.20437,
      "warm_estimate": 1.61788
    },
    {
      "activity": "Gave money to a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 1.94727,
      "cold_conf_low": 1.28091,
      "cold_estimate": 1.61409,
      "diff_conf_high": 1.45459,
      "diff_conf_low": 0.469993,
      "diff_estimate": 0.962289,
      "n": 10004,
      "period": "1992 to 2008",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.998992,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.304611,
      "warm_estimate": 0.651802
    },
    {
      "activity": "Tried to persuade others how to vote",
      "cold_conf_high": 3.53892,
      "cold_conf_low": 2.61537,
      "cold_estimate": 3.07714,
      "diff_conf_high": 2.61332,
      "diff_conf_low": 1.12996,
      "diff_estimate": 1.87164,
      "n": 18886,
      "period": "2012 to 2024",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.68067,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.730335,
      "warm_estimate": 1.2055
    },
    {
      "activity": "Attended a meeting or rally",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.85205,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.387503,
      "cold_estimate": 0.619776,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.704524,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.0762724,
      "diff_estimate": 0.314126,
      "n": 18886,
      "period": "2012 to 2024",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.554602,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.0566993,
      "warm_estimate": 0.305651
    },
    {
      "activity": "Worked for a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 0.661568,
      "cold_conf_low": 0.335681,
      "cold_estimate": 0.498625,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.650331,
      "diff_conf_low": 0.0353303,
      "diff_estimate": 0.342831,
      "n": 18892,
      "period": "2012 to 2024",
      "warm_conf_high": 0.357703,
      "warm_conf_low": -0.0461151,
      "warm_estimate": 0.155794
    },
    {
      "activity": "Displayed a button or sticker",
      "cold_conf_high": 2.23428,
      "cold_conf_low": 1.55469,
      "cold_estimate": 1.89449,
      "diff_conf_high": 0.42995,
      "diff_conf_low": -0.685951,
      "diff_estimate": -0.128001,
      "n": 18889,
      "period": "2012 to 2024",
      "warm_conf_high": 2.39056,
      "warm_conf_low": 1.65442,
      "warm_estimate": 2.02249
    },
    {
      "activity": "Gave money to a party or candidate",
      "cold_conf_high": 3.0203,
      "cold_conf_low": 2.40174,
      "cold_estimate": 2.71102,
      "diff_conf_high": 2.44934,
      "diff_conf_low": 1.42415,
      "diff_estimate": 1.93674,
      "n": 18708,
      "period": "2012 to 2024",
      "warm_conf_high": 1.11518,
      "warm_conf_low": 0.433374,
      "warm_estimate": 0.774276
    }
  ],
  "id": "items",
  "notes": [
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from HC3 robust standard errors (a linear probability model with year fixed effects) and treat the weighted sample as a simple random sample.",
    "The 1978 to 1990 and 1992 to 2008 samples include midterm studies, and 2012 to 2024 has none. The activity questions are the cumulative-file items VCF0717 (tried to influence others), VCF0718 (attended a meeting or rally), VCF0719 (worked for a party or candidate), VCF0720 (displayed a button or sticker) and VCF0721 (gave money)."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1978-2024; weighted (VCF0009z)",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Cold minus warm",
    "hi1": "warm_conf_high",
    "hi2": "cold_conf_high",
    "label1": "Warmth toward own party",
    "label2": "Coldness toward other party",
    "lo1": "warm_conf_low",
    "lo2": "cold_conf_low",
    "n1": "n",
    "n2": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "warm_estimate",
    "x2": "cold_estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -0.5,
      4.5
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Percentage points of the activity per 10 rating points",
    "y": "activity"
  },
  "subtitle": "Percentage points of each campaign activity per {fact:step} points on the 0 to 100 thermometer, one linear probability model per activity and period with both ratings and year fixed effects, partisans including leaners",
  "title": "In 2012 to 2024 coldness went with more persuading others and giving money than warmth did, and the two went with similar amounts of displaying a button",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "period": "2012 to 2024"
      },
      "id": "p3",
      "label": "2012 to 2024"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "period": "1992 to 2008"
      },
      "id": "p2",
      "label": "1992 to 2008"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "period": "1978 to 1990"
      },
      "id": "p1",
      "label": "1978 to 1990"
    }
  ]
}