{
  "alt": "Table with four rows, one for each of the two specifications of this chapter and one for each of the air pollution and wages chapters, with columns for outcome, unit, weights, controls and interval method.",
  "caption": "The air pollution chapter reports a margin and controls for income; the wages chapter reports a change between 2016 and 2020 and uses other controls. Each row describes the specification behind the coefficients of one chapter.",
  "data": [
    {
      "chapter": "This chapter, tracts",
      "controls": "White, Black, Asian and Hispanic shares, college share, log density, state effects",
      "intervals": "State clusters, t distribution",
      "outcome": "Democratic share of the two-party vote, 2020, in points",
      "unit": "80,873 tracts, 3,081 counties",
      "weights": "Votes in the tract"
    },
    {
      "chapter": "This chapter, ZIP code areas",
      "controls": "Same, with the college variable of the ZIP code atlas",
      "intervals": "State clusters, t distribution",
      "outcome": "Democratic share of the two-party vote, 2020, in points",
      "unit": "18,039 ZIP code areas (Social Capital Atlas and IRS sample)",
      "weights": "Votes in the ZIP code area"
    },
    {
      "chapter": "Air pollution and the vote",
      "controls": "White, Black and Hispanic shares, college share, median household income; density in one row, county effects in another",
      "intervals": "County clusters, normal; exposures standardized with the unweighted standard deviation",
      "outcome": "Democratic two-party margin, 2020, in points (a linear function of the share)",
      "unit": "81,134 tracts, 3,096 counties",
      "weights": "Votes in the tract"
    },
    {
      "chapter": "Wages, capital and the ZIP code vote",
      "controls": "Poverty, college, Black and Hispanic shares; the average tax rate in some rows",
      "intervals": "County clusters, t distribution; state clusters as a check",
      "outcome": "Swing: 2020 margin minus 2016 margin, in points",
      "unit": "27,144 ZIP code areas, 3,088 counties",
      "weights": "2020 votes in the ZIP code area"
    }
  ],
  "id": "chapter_specs",
  "source": "Chapter data of this book: tract and ZIP code atlas files (Fekrazad 2025) with 2016 and 2020 presidential votes; descriptions of specifications, with unit counts recomputed from the files; counts are unweighted",
  "spec": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "chapter",
        "label": "Chapter"
      },
      {
        "key": "outcome",
        "label": "Outcome"
      },
      {
        "key": "unit",
        "label": "Unit and sample"
      },
      {
        "key": "weights",
        "label": "Weights"
      },
      {
        "key": "controls",
        "label": "Controls"
      },
      {
        "key": "intervals",
        "label": "Intervals"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Outcome, unit, weights, controls and interval method of this chapter and of the two chapters that use the same atlas files",
  "title": "Two existing chapters use a different outcome, sample, weights or controls, so their coefficients cannot be set beside the ones here",
  "type": "table",
  "width": "wide"
}