{
  "alt": "Line chart with four lines by survey year, Democrats, independents, Republicans and all respondents, with confidence bands, in three views. In the all-interview ANES view the Democratic line falls from {fact:a_dec_d_1992} in 1992 to {fact:a_dec_d_2016} in 2016 and is {fact:a_dec_d_2024} in 2024, and the Republican line is {fact:a_dec_r_1992} in 1992, {fact:a_dec_r_2016} in 2016 and {fact:a_dec_r_2024} in 2024. In the in-person ANES view the Democratic line goes from {fact:a_dec_d_2008_ftf} in 2008 to {fact:a_dec_d_2016_ftf} in 2016 and the Republican line from {fact:a_dec_r_2008_ftf} to {fact:a_dec_r_2016_ftf}. In the GSS view the Democratic line falls from {fact:g_dec_d_2004} in 2004 to {fact:g_dec_d_2021} in 2021 and rises to {fact:g_dec_d_2024} in 2024, and the Republican line is {fact:g_dec_r_2016} in 2016 and {fact:g_dec_r_2024} in 2024.",
  "caption": "The Democratic line falls in every view. Among all ANES respondents, who include web interviews from 2012, the Republican line rises to {fact:a_dec_r_2016} in 2016; among in-person respondents it is {fact:a_dec_r_2016_ftf} in 2016 and {fact:a_dec_r_2024_ftf} in 2024. In the GSS view the Republican line is {fact:g_dec_r_2022} in 2022 and {fact:g_dec_r_2024} in 2024. Bands are 95% confidence intervals, open points are earlier forms of the GSS question, and the shaded band marks a change of survey mode. The two questions differ, so only direction and timing are comparable.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 50.8284,
      "conf_low": 46.6094,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.7189,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 2168,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9004,
      "conf_low": 63.9729,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 66.4367,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1730,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.6813,
      "conf_low": 56.1274,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 58.9044,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1499,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.7038,
      "conf_low": 47.6649,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.6843,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1245,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.5987,
      "conf_low": 44.3702,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 46.9844,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1742,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.0271,
      "conf_low": 44.3581,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.6926,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1047,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.947,
      "conf_low": 42.5648,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 45.2559,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 2061,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2087,
      "conf_low": 42.6366,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.4226,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 5390,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.7241,
      "conf_low": 41.8267,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 43.7754,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 3621,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.756,
      "conf_low": 26.9583,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 28.3571,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 7350,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.9701,
      "conf_low": 40.9288,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.9495,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 4898,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.792,
      "conf_low": 43.8231,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 46.8075,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1080,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9496,
      "conf_low": 61.6523,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 65.301,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 813,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.5511,
      "conf_low": 52.8354,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 56.6932,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 785,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.9696,
      "conf_low": 45.5686,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 49.7691,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 639,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.6649,
      "conf_low": 39.2166,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.9407,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 857,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.3074,
      "conf_low": 39.533,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.4202,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 494,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.8966,
      "conf_low": 38.6688,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.2827,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1203,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.0182,
      "conf_low": 34.0574,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 36.5378,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 2837,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.9669,
      "conf_low": 25.7094,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 28.3381,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1664,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.6267,
      "conf_low": 12.4121,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 14.0194,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 3443,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.9108,
      "conf_low": 26.5865,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 29.2487,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 2390,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.4798,
      "conf_low": 46.2998,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.3898,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 261,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.9076,
      "conf_low": 60.5549,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 68.2313,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 175,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.0859,
      "conf_low": 51.043,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 60.5644,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 129,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.8238,
      "conf_low": 44.6809,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 53.7524,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 140,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.9141,
      "conf_low": 44.7946,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.3543,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 215,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.188,
      "conf_low": 41.9126,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.0503,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 227,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.7973,
      "conf_low": 46.1255,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.9614,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 708,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.4362,
      "conf_low": 36.6939,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.0651,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 465,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.601,
      "conf_low": 22.3693,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 26.4851,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 844,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.302,
      "conf_low": 37.1514,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 45.2267,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 318,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.5489,
      "conf_low": 46.6773,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.1131,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 818,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.9005,
      "conf_low": 63.4393,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 67.1699,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 732,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.0055,
      "conf_low": 57.1819,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 61.5937,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 582,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.7882,
      "conf_low": 45.7732,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.7807,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 455,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.1301,
      "conf_low": 46.7512,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.9406,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 658,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.731,
      "conf_low": 43.5965,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.6638,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 439,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.5121,
      "conf_low": 43.2119,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.862,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 596,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.5391,
      "conf_low": 48.6567,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 51.5979,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1827,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.6109,
      "conf_low": 59.7146,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 62.6627,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 1476,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.9166,
      "conf_low": 42.2556,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.5861,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 3043,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.6147,
      "conf_low": 54.5629,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 57.5888,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)",
      "n": 2170,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.8284,
      "conf_low": 46.6094,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.7189,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 2168,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9004,
      "conf_low": 63.9729,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 66.4367,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1730,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.6813,
      "conf_low": 56.1274,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 58.9044,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1499,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.7038,
      "conf_low": 47.6649,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.6843,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1245,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.0271,
      "conf_low": 44.3581,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.6926,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1047,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.947,
      "conf_low": 42.5648,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 45.2559,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 2061,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.1233,
      "conf_low": 37.8899,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 41.0066,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1842,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.7816,
      "conf_low": 34.4403,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 38.1109,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1042,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.2567,
      "conf_low": 29.5619,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 33.9093,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 904,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.792,
      "conf_low": 43.8231,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 46.8075,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1080,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9496,
      "conf_low": 61.6523,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 65.301,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 813,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.5511,
      "conf_low": 52.8354,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 56.6932,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 785,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.9696,
      "conf_low": 45.5686,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 49.7691,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 639,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.3074,
      "conf_low": 39.533,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.4202,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 494,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.8966,
      "conf_low": 38.6688,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.2827,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1203,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.9005,
      "conf_low": 31.7443,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 35.8224,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 1123,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.6994,
      "conf_low": 18.3248,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 23.0121,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 475,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.7514,
      "conf_low": 18.5254,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 24.1384,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 460,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.4798,
      "conf_low": 46.2998,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.3898,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 261,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.9076,
      "conf_low": 60.5549,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 68.2313,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 175,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.0859,
      "conf_low": 51.043,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 60.5644,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 129,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.8238,
      "conf_low": 44.6809,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 53.7524,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 140,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.188,
      "conf_low": 41.9126,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.0503,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 227,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.2206,
      "conf_low": 38.0327,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.6267,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 194,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.5489,
      "conf_low": 46.6773,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.1131,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 818,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.9005,
      "conf_low": 63.4393,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 67.1699,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 732,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.0055,
      "conf_low": 57.1819,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 61.5937,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 582,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.7882,
      "conf_low": 45.7732,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 50.7807,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 455,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.731,
      "conf_low": 43.5965,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.6638,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 439,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.5121,
      "conf_low": 43.2119,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.862,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 596,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.9676,
      "conf_low": 40.2519,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 45.6098,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 509,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.8817,
      "conf_low": 48.5107,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 54.1962,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 455,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": null,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.2572,
      "conf_low": 37.6067,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.432,
      "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)",
      "n": 389,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.0564,
      "conf_low": 61.3792,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 64.2178,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1397,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.2046,
      "conf_low": 60.9357,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 64.0701,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1141,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2383,
      "conf_low": 40.2378,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 43.238,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1318,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.3595,
      "conf_low": 47.5897,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 51.4746,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 890,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.2858,
      "conf_low": 49.9427,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.6143,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1945,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.9646,
      "conf_low": 49.4342,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.6994,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1294,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.5405,
      "conf_low": 45.0013,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.2709,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1393,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.5917,
      "conf_low": 42.6666,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 46.1292,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1262,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.3859,
      "conf_low": 41.6812,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 44.5335,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1624,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.894,
      "conf_low": 38.3697,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 41.1318,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1845,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.3047,
      "conf_low": 31.0899,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 34.1973,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1520,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.6859,
      "conf_low": 29.3426,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 31.5143,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 2670,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.413,
      "conf_low": 33.288,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 35.8505,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 3440,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.1023,
      "conf_low": 47.2417,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 49.672,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 3187,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.9761,
      "conf_low": 58.6244,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 62.8003,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 656,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.0878,
      "conf_low": 55.7143,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 60.4011,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 531,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.4333,
      "conf_low": 37.4424,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 41.9379,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 581,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.3246,
      "conf_low": 41.4322,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.3784,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 389,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.2698,
      "conf_low": 42.3306,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 46.3002,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 895,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.8654,
      "conf_low": 46.4949,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 51.1801,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 641,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.6759,
      "conf_low": 37.0145,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 41.8452,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 658,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.5702,
      "conf_low": 36.1069,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 40.8386,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 607,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.4232,
      "conf_low": 31.1707,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 35.297,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 746,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.5419,
      "conf_low": 23.2387,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 26.8903,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 862,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.8524,
      "conf_low": 16.2065,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 20.0294,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 662,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 17.6731,
      "conf_low": 12.6053,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 15.1392,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1220,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.8834,
      "conf_low": 14.6568,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 17.7701,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1408,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.5277,
      "conf_low": 25.2738,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 28.9007,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1212,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.7842,
      "conf_low": 52.0737,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 59.929,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 183,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.8041,
      "conf_low": 56.3702,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 65.0871,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 160,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.4961,
      "conf_low": 35.5381,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 42.5171,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 263,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.7156,
      "conf_low": 41.9914,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 48.3535,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 358,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.1877,
      "conf_low": 35.5594,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 43.8736,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 194,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.7254,
      "conf_low": 36.0227,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 43.8741,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 231,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.5977,
      "conf_low": 38.9235,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 47.2606,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 231,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.0761,
      "conf_low": 36.2987,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 42.6874,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 311,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.8804,
      "conf_low": 31.9728,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 38.9266,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 307,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.3787,
      "conf_low": 23.6355,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 30.5071,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 276,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.0995,
      "conf_low": 27.467,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 32.2833,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 546,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.2419,
      "conf_low": 25.2029,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 30.2224,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 797,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.231,
      "conf_low": 36.434,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 41.3325,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 778,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.7753,
      "conf_low": 64.7736,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 69.2745,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 518,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.8891,
      "conf_low": 61.9947,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 66.9419,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 427,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.3224,
      "conf_low": 40.1757,
      "early": true,
      "estimate": 45.2491,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 446,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.7703,
      "conf_low": 51.621,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 57.6956,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 346,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.928,
      "conf_low": 58.2455,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 62.5867,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 655,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.3716,
      "conf_low": 53.3007,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 58.8361,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 433,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.8439,
      "conf_low": 55.0495,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 60.4467,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 461,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.0344,
      "conf_low": 47.1626,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 53.5985,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 387,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.1682,
      "conf_low": 52.2463,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 57.2072,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 515,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.8343,
      "conf_low": 56.6959,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 61.2651,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 617,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.1293,
      "conf_low": 46.5462,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 52.3377,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 513,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.8623,
      "conf_low": 50.7201,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 54.7912,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 818,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.0426,
      "conf_low": 54.6372,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 59.3399,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1103,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.8331,
      "conf_low": 72.9235,
      "early": false,
      "estimate": 76.3783,
      "instrument": "GSS: reduced",
      "n": 1089,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "share_by_party",
  "notes": [
    "Shaded band: the ANES mode change from 2016 to 2020 in the ANES views, and the GSS move from in-person to web interviews between 2018 and 2021 in the GSS view. The in-person ANES view has no 2000 point (a study that mixed in-person and telephone interviews) and no 2020 point (no in-person interviews).",
    "An independent cell is drawn only where it has at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100, so some independent points are missing.",
    "The ANES asks five answers (three in 2000) and the chapter counts decreased, a little or a lot, against increased or left the same; the GSS counts reduced a little and reduced a lot against the other three answers."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1992-2024, and General Social Survey, 1994-2024; weighted (weight, VCF0009z; weight_use)",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "ANES mode change",
        "type": "band",
        "x1": 2016,
        "x2": 2020
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "All respondents": "total",
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "dashed": [
      "All respondents"
    ],
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "hollow": "early",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "party",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1991,
      2025
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      80
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "yLabel": "Share giving the restrictive answer (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share wanting the number of immigrants decreased (ANES) or reduced (GSS), by party identification; leaners are in the parties and independents lean toward neither; all respondents dashed; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "instrument",
        "label": "Survey and answer"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "key": "early",
        "label": "Earlier GSS form"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The Democratic share wanting fewer immigrants fell in every view, and the Republican path differs by survey and interview mode",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "ANES: decreased (all interviews)"
      },
      "id": "anes",
      "label": "ANES, all interviews"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "ANES: decreased (in person)"
      },
      "id": "ftf",
      "label": "ANES, in person",
      "spec": {
        "annotations": [
          {
            "label": "No in-person study",
            "type": "x-rule",
            "x": 2020
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "GSS: reduced"
      },
      "id": "gss",
      "label": "GSS",
      "spec": {
        "annotations": [
          {
            "label": "GSS mode change",
            "type": "band",
            "x1": 2018,
            "x2": 2021
          }
        ],
        "breaks": [
          2002
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}