{
  "alt": "Nine small line charts, one per CES immigration policy item, of the share giving the restrictive answer by year for Democrats, independents and Republicans, with confidence bands. In every panel and year the Republican estimate is above the independent estimate and the independent estimate is above the Democratic estimate. The gap on more border patrols is {fact:c_gap_border_2007} points in 2007 and {fact:c_gap_border_2021} in 2021, and the gap on the border wall is {fact:c_gap_wall_2017} points in 2017 and {fact:c_gap_wall_2021} in 2021. Lines break between 2017 and 2019.",
  "caption": "In each panel the Republican line lies above the Democratic line in every year and the independent line lies between them by the point estimate, in all {fact:n_ces_itemyears} item-years. The break between 2017 and 2019 is the change from check-all-that-apply items to support or oppose items, and levels should not be compared across it. Bands are 95% confidence intervals that rest on a model.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 41.8321,
      "conf_low": 37.8116,
      "estimate": 39.8219,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 4372,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.2525,
      "conf_low": 45.2684,
      "estimate": 46.2604,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 24407,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.5776,
      "conf_low": 40.5867,
      "estimate": 42.0821,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 9349,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.8953,
      "conf_low": 40.0098,
      "estimate": 40.9525,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 25295,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.2339,
      "conf_low": 37.0652,
      "estimate": 38.6496,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 7527,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.6268,
      "conf_low": 42.7451,
      "estimate": 43.6859,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 25737,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.6101,
      "conf_low": 37.3474,
      "estimate": 38.9787,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 6681,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.2567,
      "conf_low": 34.7285,
      "estimate": 35.4926,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 31139,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.4786,
      "conf_low": 24.7392,
      "estimate": 26.1089,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.7616,
      "conf_low": 45.833,
      "estimate": 47.2973,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 8237,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.3139,
      "conf_low": 36.6696,
      "estimate": 37.4918,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 29329,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.8249,
      "conf_low": 46.4281,
      "estimate": 47.6265,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.4429,
      "conf_low": 53.026,
      "estimate": 57.7344,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 837,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.8888,
      "conf_low": 56.0457,
      "estimate": 57.9672,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 5978,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.7633,
      "conf_low": 48.734,
      "estimate": 51.7487,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 2782,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.5148,
      "conf_low": 53.9598,
      "estimate": 55.7373,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 6205,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.4172,
      "conf_low": 53.2625,
      "estimate": 55.8398,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 2946,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.0724,
      "conf_low": 56.7329,
      "estimate": 58.4027,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 8683,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.9111,
      "conf_low": 47.9984,
      "estimate": 50.9548,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 2202,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.2093,
      "conf_low": 50.457,
      "estimate": 51.8331,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 10493,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.6027,
      "conf_low": 42.3697,
      "estimate": 44.9862,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9765,
      "conf_low": 63.6495,
      "estimate": 66.313,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 2640,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.8214,
      "conf_low": 61.6128,
      "estimate": 63.2171,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 8853,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.5643,
      "conf_low": 64.7623,
      "estimate": 66.6633,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.8012,
      "conf_low": 66.7414,
      "estimate": 68.7713,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 3773,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.2496,
      "conf_low": 77.5492,
      "estimate": 78.3994,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 23454,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.1214,
      "conf_low": 70.2263,
      "estimate": 71.6739,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 7346,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.8381,
      "conf_low": 75.0823,
      "estimate": 75.9602,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 20552,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.1421,
      "conf_low": 73.9159,
      "estimate": 75.529,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 5307,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.8929,
      "conf_low": 77.1738,
      "estimate": 78.0334,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 19039,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.0172,
      "conf_low": 74.8686,
      "estimate": 76.4429,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 4878,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.4833,
      "conf_low": 73.9254,
      "estimate": 74.7044,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 20847,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.9293,
      "conf_low": 70.6833,
      "estimate": 72.3063,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 93.5702,
      "conf_low": 92.0008,
      "estimate": 92.7855,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 6435,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 91.0666,
      "conf_low": 89.9914,
      "estimate": 90.529,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 20403,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 93.5097,
      "conf_low": 92.1284,
      "estimate": 92.819,
      "item": "Support more border patrols",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.1593,
      "conf_low": 50.0564,
      "estimate": 52.1078,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 4372,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.0693,
      "conf_low": 41.1047,
      "estimate": 42.087,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 24407,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.0464,
      "conf_low": 38.084,
      "estimate": 39.5652,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 9349,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.3411,
      "conf_low": 34.5072,
      "estimate": 35.4241,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 25295,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.213,
      "conf_low": 35.0775,
      "estimate": 36.6452,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 7527,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.0387,
      "conf_low": 32.2528,
      "estimate": 33.1457,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 25737,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.4576,
      "conf_low": 30.3395,
      "estimate": 31.8986,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 6681,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.5924,
      "conf_low": 27.1603,
      "estimate": 27.8763,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 31139,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.9471,
      "conf_low": 23.2609,
      "estimate": 24.604,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.3889,
      "conf_low": 14.2809,
      "estimate": 15.3349,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 8260,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.0517,
      "conf_low": 10.9679,
      "estimate": 11.5098,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 29339,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.4036,
      "conf_low": 11.8107,
      "estimate": 12.6071,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.475,
      "conf_low": 66.8387,
      "estimate": 71.1569,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 837,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.519,
      "conf_low": 61.774,
      "estimate": 63.6465,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 5978,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.1311,
      "conf_low": 58.2512,
      "estimate": 61.1911,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 2782,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.4494,
      "conf_low": 55.9133,
      "estimate": 57.6813,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 6205,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.3857,
      "conf_low": 57.2971,
      "estimate": 59.8414,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 2946,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.0734,
      "conf_low": 58.76,
      "estimate": 60.4167,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 8683,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.0638,
      "conf_low": 55.2291,
      "estimate": 58.1465,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 2202,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.1753,
      "conf_low": 50.4229,
      "estimate": 51.7991,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 10493,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.7698,
      "conf_low": 50.5207,
      "estimate": 53.1453,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.5373,
      "conf_low": 36.0566,
      "estimate": 38.797,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 2647,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.5866,
      "conf_low": 30.4734,
      "estimate": 32.03,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 8853,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.6049,
      "conf_low": 35.6972,
      "estimate": 37.6511,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.0459,
      "conf_low": 77.4948,
      "estimate": 79.2703,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 3773,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.2474,
      "conf_low": 78.5766,
      "estimate": 79.412,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 23454,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.9531,
      "conf_low": 71.0847,
      "estimate": 72.5189,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 7346,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.0184,
      "conf_low": 73.2188,
      "estimate": 74.1186,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 20552,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.4385,
      "conf_low": 71.0979,
      "estimate": 72.7682,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 5307,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.551,
      "conf_low": 71.6995,
      "estimate": 72.6253,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 19039,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.5682,
      "conf_low": 69.1973,
      "estimate": 70.8828,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 4878,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.119,
      "conf_low": 64.4127,
      "estimate": 65.2658,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 20847,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.3136,
      "conf_low": 66.9479,
      "estimate": 68.6307,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.2457,
      "conf_low": 57.2612,
      "estimate": 58.7534,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 6437,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.1475,
      "conf_low": 53.3172,
      "estimate": 54.2324,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 20385,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.9584,
      "conf_low": 59.3448,
      "estimate": 60.6516,
      "item": "Oppose legal status for long-term residents",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.4655,
      "conf_low": 53.3832,
      "estimate": 55.4243,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 4372,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.017,
      "conf_low": 58.4392,
      "estimate": 63.2281,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 921,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.5361,
      "conf_low": 50.6199,
      "estimate": 51.578,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 25295,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.728,
      "conf_low": 49.475,
      "estimate": 51.1015,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 7527,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.2707,
      "conf_low": 51.3758,
      "estimate": 52.3232,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 25737,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.9862,
      "conf_low": 47.6415,
      "estimate": 49.3139,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 6681,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.8697,
      "conf_low": 49.3494,
      "estimate": 51.1096,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 6113,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.9411,
      "conf_low": 37.8933,
      "estimate": 39.4172,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.5038,
      "conf_low": 65.7798,
      "estimate": 70.1418,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 837,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.4188,
      "conf_low": 54.7467,
      "estimate": 63.5828,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 263,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.0829,
      "conf_low": 62.6552,
      "estimate": 64.369,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 6205,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.6106,
      "conf_low": 60.6019,
      "estimate": 63.1063,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 2946,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.6926,
      "conf_low": 60.4047,
      "estimate": 62.0487,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 8683,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.9309,
      "conf_low": 53.0599,
      "estimate": 55.9954,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 2202,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.7694,
      "conf_low": 67.1633,
      "estimate": 69.9664,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 2195,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.3368,
      "conf_low": 51.0918,
      "estimate": 53.7143,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.6231,
      "conf_low": 73.8683,
      "estimate": 75.7457,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 3773,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2007
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 86.0314,
      "conf_low": 78.2513,
      "estimate": 82.1413,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 1018,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.4665,
      "conf_low": 75.7269,
      "estimate": 76.5967,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 20552,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.3199,
      "conf_low": 75.149,
      "estimate": 76.7345,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 5307,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.1987,
      "conf_low": 73.3841,
      "estimate": 74.2914,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 19039,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.1387,
      "conf_low": 72.9056,
      "estimate": 74.5221,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 4878,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.7565,
      "conf_low": 78.8724,
      "estimate": 80.3145,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 4762,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.2936,
      "conf_low": 71.0613,
      "estimate": 72.6774,
      "item": "Support fines for employers",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.9613,
      "conf_low": 23.2591,
      "estimate": 24.1102,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 24407,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.1586,
      "conf_low": 23.5406,
      "estimate": 24.8496,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 9349,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.4408,
      "conf_low": 18.9164,
      "estimate": 19.6786,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 25295,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.3518,
      "conf_low": 18.7464,
      "estimate": 20.0491,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 7527,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.5721,
      "conf_low": 20.0322,
      "estimate": 20.8022,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 25737,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.2518,
      "conf_low": 18.58,
      "estimate": 19.9159,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 6681,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.6777,
      "conf_low": 10.6749,
      "estimate": 11.6763,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.3298,
      "conf_low": 44.4471,
      "estimate": 46.3885,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 5978,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.3074,
      "conf_low": 35.4398,
      "estimate": 38.3736,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 2782,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.2944,
      "conf_low": 38.7804,
      "estimate": 40.5374,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 6205,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.5585,
      "conf_low": 34.5454,
      "estimate": 37.052,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 2946,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.1614,
      "conf_low": 35.8808,
      "estimate": 37.5211,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 8683,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.4353,
      "conf_low": 31.8082,
      "estimate": 34.6218,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 2202,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.6009,
      "conf_low": 28.7289,
      "estimate": 31.1649,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.8465,
      "conf_low": 68.9511,
      "estimate": 69.8988,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 23454,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.0831,
      "conf_low": 61.9904,
      "estimate": 63.5368,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 7346,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.0705,
      "conf_low": 62.0877,
      "estimate": 63.0791,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 20552,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.0203,
      "conf_low": 57.3318,
      "estimate": 59.1761,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 5307,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.4956,
      "conf_low": 55.437,
      "estimate": 56.4663,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 19039,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.9368,
      "conf_low": 54.2545,
      "estimate": 56.0957,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 4878,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.5641,
      "conf_low": 52.9537,
      "estimate": 54.7589,
      "item": "Support police questioning",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.199,
      "conf_low": 36.3644,
      "estimate": 37.2817,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 25737,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.3511,
      "conf_low": 29.2624,
      "estimate": 30.8068,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 6681,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.2054,
      "conf_low": 22.8507,
      "estimate": 23.5281,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 31139,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.648,
      "conf_low": 17.2294,
      "estimate": 18.4387,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.0577,
      "conf_low": 58.7441,
      "estimate": 60.4009,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 8683,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.8556,
      "conf_low": 52.9834,
      "estimate": 55.9195,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 2202,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.1532,
      "conf_low": 46.4017,
      "estimate": 47.7774,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 10493,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.8928,
      "conf_low": 39.6961,
      "estimate": 42.2945,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.8964,
      "conf_low": 77.1773,
      "estimate": 78.0368,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 19039,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.8086,
      "conf_low": 72.5615,
      "estimate": 74.1851,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 4878,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.402,
      "conf_low": 65.7111,
      "estimate": 66.5565,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 20847,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.6606,
      "conf_low": 65.2487,
      "estimate": 66.9546,
      "item": "Support identifying and deporting",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.7035,
      "conf_low": 17.2315,
      "estimate": 17.9675,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 25295,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.6811,
      "conf_low": 17.1585,
      "estimate": 18.4198,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 7527,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.2209,
      "conf_low": 34.7752,
      "estimate": 36.498,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 6205,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.1013,
      "conf_low": 33.1306,
      "estimate": 35.6159,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 2946,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.2033,
      "conf_low": 46.1522,
      "estimate": 47.1778,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 20552,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.4475,
      "conf_low": 43.71,
      "estimate": 45.5787,
      "item": "Support barring services",
      "n": 5307,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.1695,
      "conf_low": 20.6972,
      "estimate": 21.4333,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 26987,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.1256,
      "conf_low": 18.7826,
      "estimate": 19.9541,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 8226,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.9234,
      "conf_low": 19.5587,
      "estimate": 20.241,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 29328,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.8922,
      "conf_low": 40.4211,
      "estimate": 42.1566,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 8338,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.4488,
      "conf_low": 38.8898,
      "estimate": 41.6693,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 2638,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.0102,
      "conf_low": 39.7237,
      "estimate": 41.367,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 8851,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.8718,
      "conf_low": 71.187,
      "estimate": 72.0294,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 21228,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.1407,
      "conf_low": 60.1884,
      "estimate": 61.6645,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 6425,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.1783,
      "conf_low": 65.4416,
      "estimate": 66.3099,
      "item": "Support reducing legal immigration",
      "n": 20380,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.4349,
      "conf_low": 17.0269,
      "estimate": 18.2309,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.0599,
      "conf_low": 19.6342,
      "estimate": 20.347,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 27589,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.9837,
      "conf_low": 16.741,
      "estimate": 17.8623,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 8248,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.7547,
      "conf_low": 22.3247,
      "estimate": 23.0397,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 29335,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.9117,
      "conf_low": 25.785,
      "estimate": 26.8483,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2971,
      "conf_low": 41.0797,
      "estimate": 43.6884,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.8565,
      "conf_low": 46.3778,
      "estimate": 48.1172,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 8518,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.4452,
      "conf_low": 42.8417,
      "estimate": 45.6434,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 2647,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.9701,
      "conf_low": 46.6363,
      "estimate": 48.3032,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 8855,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.4908,
      "conf_low": 49.4599,
      "estimate": 51.4754,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.3334,
      "conf_low": 69.0314,
      "estimate": 70.6824,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 83.3161,
      "conf_low": 81.9104,
      "estimate": 82.6132,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 21702,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 83.0539,
      "conf_low": 80.7201,
      "estimate": 81.887,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 6445,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.3255,
      "conf_low": 74.7468,
      "estimate": 75.5362,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 20397,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.8778,
      "conf_low": 70.4671,
      "estimate": 71.6725,
      "item": "Support police reporting",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.68501,
      "conf_low": 5.20992,
      "estimate": 5.94747,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 8585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.4408,
      "conf_low": 11.2923,
      "estimate": 11.8665,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 27478,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.7009,
      "conf_low": 12.5542,
      "estimate": 13.1276,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 29337,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.2248,
      "conf_low": 14.4945,
      "estimate": 15.3596,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.4212,
      "conf_low": 28.5567,
      "estimate": 30.989,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 3193,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.9226,
      "conf_low": 37.5123,
      "estimate": 39.2174,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 8468,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.403,
      "conf_low": 39.1228,
      "estimate": 40.7629,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 8848,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.8853,
      "conf_low": 42.8739,
      "estimate": 44.8796,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.6619,
      "conf_low": 61.158,
      "estimate": 62.9099,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 5775,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 83.2855,
      "conf_low": 81.8759,
      "estimate": 82.5807,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 21625,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": null,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 83.3265,
      "conf_low": 81.9355,
      "estimate": 82.631,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 20399,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 86.5626,
      "conf_low": 84.6855,
      "estimate": 85.624,
      "item": "Support the border wall",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    }
  ],
  "id": "ces_items",
  "notes": [
    "Panel titles name the restrictive answer. Through 2017 the items were check-all-that-apply, and an unchecked item cannot be told from an explicit oppose; from 2018 respondents supported or opposed each item. Several items change wording by year, as the wording table shows.",
    "The 2018 wave has only the reduce legal immigration, police reporting and wall items. A line breaks where an item was not asked.",
    "Each party cell needs at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100. The CES is an opt-in panel, so the intervals rest on a model."
  ],
  "source": "Cooperative Election Study cumulative policy preferences, 2007-2021; weighted (single-wave weight), opt-in panel",
  "spec": {
    "breaks": [
      2017.5
    ],
    "colors": {
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "facet": "item",
    "facetColumns": 3,
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "party",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      2006,
      2022
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "xTicks": [
      2008,
      2012,
      2016,
      2020
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "yLabel": "Share giving the restrictive answer (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share giving the restrictive answer to nine CES immigration policy items, by party identification including leaners, 2007 to 2021; 95% intervals from an opt-in panel",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "item",
        "label": "Item"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Republicans were more restrictive than Democrats on every CES item in every year, with independents between them",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "full"
}