{
  "alt": "Dot chart with one row per 2024 ANES immigration item and three dots per row for Democrats, independents and Republicans, with interval lines. The Republican dot is to the right of the Democratic dot in every row and the independent dot lies between them by the point estimate. The widest row is the border wall, with a gap of {fact:t_gap_wall} points, and the narrowest is children brought illegally, with {fact:t_gap_children}. Views repeat the chart for in-person and web respondents.",
  "caption": "Gaps run from {fact:t_gap_children} points on children brought illegally to {fact:t_gap_wall} on the wall. Each row plots the share of Democrats, independents and Republicans giving the restrictive answer, with 95% confidence intervals, and the views split interviews by mode. By the point estimate the independent dot lies between the party dots on every item.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 17.6971,
      "conf_low": 13.4387,
      "estimate": 15.5679,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 2332,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.4094,
      "conf_low": 20.5605,
      "estimate": 27.9849,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 302,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.1102,
      "conf_low": 73.8994,
      "estimate": 76.5048,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 2094,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.5712,
      "conf_low": 31.953,
      "estimate": 34.7621,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 2312,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.6536,
      "conf_low": 54.6699,
      "estimate": 62.6617,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 301,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 90.931,
      "conf_low": 87.0698,
      "estimate": 89.0004,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 2079,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.5999,
      "conf_low": 10.6901,
      "estimate": 12.645,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 2323,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.4684,
      "conf_low": 28.5171,
      "estimate": 36.4927,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 300,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.6449,
      "conf_low": 49.4828,
      "estimate": 52.5639,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 2079,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.63701,
      "conf_low": 6.43875,
      "estimate": 8.03788,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 2327,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.1074,
      "conf_low": 13.694,
      "estimate": 20.4007,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 300,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.7058,
      "conf_low": 38.6345,
      "estimate": 41.6702,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 2084,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.4573,
      "conf_low": 34.76,
      "estimate": 37.6086,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 2325,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.5118,
      "conf_low": 41.9898,
      "estimate": 50.2508,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 301,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.9988,
      "conf_low": 64.1997,
      "estimate": 67.0992,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 2078,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.464,
      "conf_low": 27.1725,
      "estimate": 29.8182,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 2390,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.5427,
      "conf_low": 36.5551,
      "estimate": 44.5489,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 318,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.7219,
      "conf_low": 55.7772,
      "estimate": 58.7496,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 2170,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.887,
      "conf_low": 12.7188,
      "estimate": 14.8029,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 2334,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.2991,
      "conf_low": 12.3253,
      "estimate": 18.8122,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 300,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.7526,
      "conf_low": 37.7052,
      "estimate": 40.7289,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 2090,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.71876,
      "conf_low": 4.0621,
      "estimate": 5.39043,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 2322,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.2268,
      "conf_low": 18.7358,
      "estimate": 25.9813,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 301,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.8457,
      "conf_low": 27.1773,
      "estimate": 30.0115,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 2069,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.72244,
      "conf_low": 5.68349,
      "estimate": 7.20297,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 2326,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.9028,
      "conf_low": 14.4156,
      "estimate": 21.1592,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 302,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.1053,
      "conf_low": 27.4314,
      "estimate": 30.2683,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 2075,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.17458,
      "conf_low": 3.63639,
      "estimate": 4.90548,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 2331,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.8036,
      "conf_low": 8.24785,
      "estimate": 14.0257,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 299,
      "party": "Independents",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.3229,
      "conf_low": 21.967,
      "estimate": 24.645,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 2053,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.7311,
      "conf_low": 9.59674,
      "estimate": 14.1639,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 465,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.095,
      "conf_low": 72.7227,
      "estimate": 78.4089,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 395,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2798,
      "conf_low": 33.3843,
      "estimate": 39.8321,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 459,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 96.4511,
      "conf_low": 89.3301,
      "estimate": 92.8906,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 393,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.8662,
      "conf_low": 7.46104,
      "estimate": 11.6636,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 465,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.1608,
      "conf_low": 40.3492,
      "estimate": 47.255,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 395,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 7.61947,
      "conf_low": 1.99565,
      "estimate": 4.80756,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 464,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.9254,
      "conf_low": 25.9829,
      "estimate": 32.4541,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 392,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.7463,
      "conf_low": 24.6969,
      "estimate": 30.7216,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 468,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.2278,
      "conf_low": 55.8166,
      "estimate": 62.5222,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 394,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.927,
      "conf_low": 19.5031,
      "estimate": 25.215,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 460,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.5236,
      "conf_low": 37.6407,
      "estimate": 44.5822,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 389,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.1803,
      "conf_low": 7.70883,
      "estimate": 11.9446,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 466,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.0764,
      "conf_low": 26.9617,
      "estimate": 33.519,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 391,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.80567,
      "conf_low": 1.56541,
      "estimate": 4.18554,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 466,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.6879,
      "conf_low": 18.6315,
      "estimate": 24.6597,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 388,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.3712,
      "conf_low": 3.07029,
      "estimate": 6.22074,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 468,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.4308,
      "conf_low": 18.468,
      "estimate": 24.4494,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 390,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.62189,
      "conf_low": 0,
      "estimate": 0.606691,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 467,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.4276,
      "conf_low": 7.31012,
      "estimate": 11.8688,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 381,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "In person"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.1218,
      "conf_low": 14.0819,
      "estimate": 17.6018,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 855,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.1314,
      "conf_low": 72.0137,
      "estimate": 76.0726,
      "item": "Favor a border wall",
      "n": 746,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.0255,
      "conf_low": 28.3014,
      "estimate": 32.6635,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 846,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 90.7487,
      "conf_low": 84.4431,
      "estimate": 87.5959,
      "item": "Illegal immigration increases crime",
      "n": 739,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.7143,
      "conf_low": 9.54842,
      "estimate": 12.6314,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 848,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.479,
      "conf_low": 50.9772,
      "estimate": 55.7281,
      "item": "Immigration likely takes jobs",
      "n": 739,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.0808,
      "conf_low": 7.46431,
      "estimate": 10.2726,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 854,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.7493,
      "conf_low": 40.2683,
      "estimate": 45.0088,
      "item": "Make unauthorized immigrants felons and send them back",
      "n": 743,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.7598,
      "conf_low": 33.741,
      "estimate": 38.2504,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 849,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.1149,
      "conf_low": 64.239,
      "estimate": 68.6769,
      "item": "Adapting to US customs is very or extremely important",
      "n": 737,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.5357,
      "conf_low": 25.08,
      "estimate": 29.3079,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 847,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.8793,
      "conf_low": 58.6344,
      "estimate": 63.2568,
      "item": "Decrease immigration levels",
      "n": 736,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.4835,
      "conf_low": 13.5402,
      "estimate": 17.0119,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 856,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.371,
      "conf_low": 39.9123,
      "estimate": 44.6416,
      "item": "Favor ending birthright citizenship",
      "n": 746,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 7.85878,
      "conf_low": 3.55207,
      "estimate": 5.70542,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 848,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.4781,
      "conf_low": 27.5423,
      "estimate": 32.0102,
      "item": "Immigrants are bad for the economy",
      "n": 737,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.147,
      "conf_low": 5.95735,
      "estimate": 8.55216,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 849,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.0475,
      "conf_low": 27.1472,
      "estimate": 31.5974,
      "item": "Oppose a path to citizenship",
      "n": 738,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.94387,
      "conf_low": 5.06807,
      "estimate": 7.50597,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 854,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "view": "Web"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.1084,
      "conf_low": 25.3684,
      "estimate": 29.7384,
      "item": "Children brought illegally should be sent back",
      "n": 738,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "view": "Web"
    }
  ],
  "id": "anes2024_items",
  "notes": [
    "All items use the post-election weight and respondents with a post-election interview, including the four items asked before the election, whose gaps with the pre-election weight are compared in the text; the in-person and web views use the post-election mode weights of the fresh in-person and fresh web samples, which leave out the panel and paper respondents.",
    "An independent cell is drawn only where it has at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100, so the in-person view has no independent dots.",
    "Answers of neither favor nor oppose and the middle answers count as not restrictive. Don't know and refusals are left out."
  ],
  "source": "ANES 2024 Time Series; weighted (post-election weight V240107b, mode weights V240101b and V240102b)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "group": "party",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "legend": true,
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "xLabel": "Share giving the restrictive answer (%)",
    "y": "item"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share giving the restrictive answer to the 2024 ANES immigration items, by party identification; leaners are in the parties and independents lean toward neither; rows ordered by the all-respondent gap; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "view",
        "label": "Respondents"
      },
      {
        "key": "item",
        "label": "Item"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents counted"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Republicans were more restrictive than Democrats on every 2024 ANES immigration item, most on the border wall",
  "type": "dot",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "view": "All respondents"
      },
      "id": "all",
      "label": "All respondents"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "view": "In person"
      },
      "id": "ftf",
      "label": "In person"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "view": "Web"
      },
      "id": "web",
      "label": "Web"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}