{
  "a_between_1624_n": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the independent share lies between the Democratic and Republican shares",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2024",
    "population": "ANES studies from 2016 to 2024",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "a_dec_a_1992": {
    "ci": [
      46.6,
      50.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2168,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "all respondents who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 48.7189,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_a_2020": {
    "ci": [
      27,
      29.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 7350,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "all respondents who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 28.3571,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_a_2024": {
    "ci": [
      40.9,
      45
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 4898,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "all respondents who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 42.9495,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_1992": {
    "ci": [
      43.8,
      49.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1080,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 46.8075,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2008": {
    "ci": [
      38.7,
      45.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1203,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 42.2827,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2008_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      38.7,
      45.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1203,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 42.2827,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2016": {
    "ci": [
      25.7,
      31
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 28.3381,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2016_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      18.3,
      27.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 475,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 23.0121,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2020": {
    "ci": [
      12.4,
      15.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 3443,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 14.0194,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      26.6,
      31.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "29.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2390,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 29.2487,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_i_2008": {
    "ci": [
      41.9,
      58.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "50.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 227,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "independents who lean toward neither party who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 50.0503,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_1992": {
    "ci": [
      46.7,
      53.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "50.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 818,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 50.1131,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2008": {
    "ci": [
      43.2,
      52.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 596,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 47.862,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2008_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      43.2,
      52.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 596,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 47.862,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2016": {
    "ci": [
      59.7,
      65.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "62.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1476,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 62.6627,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2016_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      48.5,
      59.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 455,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 54.1962,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2020": {
    "ci": [
      42.3,
      46.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 3043,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 44.5861,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      54.6,
      60.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2170,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 57.5888,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2024_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      37.6,
      51.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 389,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 44.432,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_dec_r_2024_web": {
    "ci": [
      59.2,
      68.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "63.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 736,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, web interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 63.7649,
    "weights": "weight_web (web mode weight)"
  },
  "a_gap_1992": {
    "ci": [
      -1.2,
      7.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1898,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.3056,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2000": {
    "ci": [
      2.4,
      13.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1515,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.99987,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2008_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.6",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1799,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.57929,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      11.2,
      18.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.1",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 4664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 15.0601,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      30.4,
      38.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 3140,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 34.3246,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2016_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      23.8,
      38.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.2",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 930,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 31.1841,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      27.7,
      33.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "30.6",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 6486,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 30.5667,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2020_post": {
    "ci": [
      26.4,
      32.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "29.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share with the post-election weight; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 6486,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 29.3405,
    "weights": "weight_postelection (VCF9999)"
  },
  "a_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      24.3,
      32.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 4560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 28.3401,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_gap_2024_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      11.5,
      29.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 20.2936,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "a_gap_2024_post": {
    "ci": [
      25,
      32.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share with the post-election weight; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 4560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 28.9313,
    "weights": "weight_postelection (VCF9999)"
  },
  "a_gap_2024_web": {
    "ci": [
      28.3,
      40.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1583,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, web interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 34.4791,
    "weights": "weight_web (web mode weight)"
  },
  "a_gss_r_2024_diff": {
    "ci": [
      14.2,
      23.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.8",
    "estimand": "GSS Republican share reduced minus ANES Republican share decreased (two surveys, different questions)",
    "n": 3259,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 18.7895,
    "weights": "weight_use (GSS) and weight (VCF0009z, ANES)"
  },
  "a_gss_r_2024_diff_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      24.7,
      42.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.6",
    "estimand": "GSS in-person Republican share reduced minus ANES in-person Republican share decreased (two surveys, different questions)",
    "n": 767,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 33.579,
    "weights": "weight_use (GSS) and weight_ftf (ANES)"
  },
  "a_inc_d_1992": {
    "ci": [
      8.4,
      12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer increased",
    "n": 1080,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 10.2145,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_inc_d_2020": {
    "ci": [
      44.2,
      48.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer increased",
    "n": 3443,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 46.5086,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_inc_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      21.9,
      26.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer increased",
    "n": 2390,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 24.4322,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_inc_r_2020": {
    "ci": [
      9.9,
      12.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer increased",
    "n": 3043,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 11.3485,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "a_web_share_2016": {
    "display": "70%",
    "estimand": "share interviewed by web (count, unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "share of respondents",
    "value": 0.703822,
    "weights": "none (respondent count)"
  },
  "c_d_border_2007": {
    "ci": [
      37.8,
      41.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "39.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 4372,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 39.8219,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_d_border_2017": {
    "ci": [
      24.7,
      27.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 8585,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 26.1089,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_d_wall_2021": {
    "ci": [
      14.5,
      16.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 12445,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 15.3596,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_border_2007": {
    "ci": [
      26.1,
      31.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 8145,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 28.9494,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_border_2017": {
    "ci": [
      44.1,
      48.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.2",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 14360,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 46.1974,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_border_2019": {
    "ci": [
      43.8,
      47.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "45.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 14672,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2019",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 45.4882,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_border_2021": {
    "ci": [
      43.8,
      46.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "45.2",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on more border patrols, support",
    "n": 20584,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 45.1926,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_legalize_2007": {
    "ci": [
      24.4,
      29.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.2",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on legal status for long-term residents, oppose",
    "n": 8145,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 27.1625,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_legalize_2017": {
    "ci": [
      41.9,
      46.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on legal status for long-term residents, oppose",
    "n": 14360,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 44.0267,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_legalize_2019": {
    "ci": [
      41.6,
      45.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "43.4",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on legal status for long-term residents, oppose",
    "n": 14697,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2019",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 43.4185,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_legalize_2021": {
    "ci": [
      46.5,
      49.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on legal status for long-term residents, oppose",
    "n": 20584,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 48.0445,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_wall_2017": {
    "ci": [
      55.1,
      58.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 14360,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 56.9625,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_wall_2018": {
    "ci": [
      69.8,
      71.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "70.7",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 49103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 70.7142,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_wall_2020": {
    "ci": [
      68.6,
      70.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "69.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 49736,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 69.5034,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_gap_wall_2021": {
    "ci": [
      69,
      71.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "70.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 20584,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 70.2644,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "c_ind_above_n": {
    "display": "56",
    "estimand": "count of item-years in which the independent share exceeds the Democratic share with an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007-2021",
    "population": "CES immigration policy items",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "item-years",
    "value": 56,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "c_ind_below_n": {
    "display": "57",
    "estimand": "count of item-years in which the Republican share exceeds the independent share with an interval above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007-2021",
    "population": "CES immigration policy items",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "item-years",
    "value": 57,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "c_r_wall_2021": {
    "ci": [
      84.7,
      86.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "85.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the CES item on the border wall, support",
    "n": 8139,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 85.624,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "g_between_n": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of surveys in which the independent share lies between the Democratic and Republican shares",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2024",
    "population": "GSS surveys with a reliable independent estimate",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "surveys",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "g_between_tot": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "count of surveys in which an independent cell clears the suppression floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2024",
    "population": "GSS surveys with a reliable independent estimate",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "surveys",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "g_dec_d_2004": {
    "ci": [
      41.4,
      53.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 389,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 47.3784,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_d_2008": {
    "ci": [
      46.5,
      55.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "51.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 641,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 51.1801,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_d_2016": {
    "ci": [
      23.2,
      30.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 862,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 26.8903,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_d_2021": {
    "ci": [
      12.6,
      17.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1220,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 15.1392,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      25.3,
      32.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1212,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 28.9007,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_r_2016": {
    "ci": [
      56.7,
      65.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "61.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 617,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 61.2651,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_r_2022": {
    "ci": [
      54.6,
      64
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "59.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 59.3399,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_r_2022_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      47.6,
      61.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 500,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 54.759,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      72.9,
      79.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "76.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1089,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 76.3783,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_dec_r_2024_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      72.4,
      83.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "78.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 378,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 78.0109,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_1994": {
    "ci": [
      0.3,
      12.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the earlier GSS form of the question on the number of immigrants (letin in 1994 and 2000, letin1 in 1996), answer decreased or reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1174,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1994",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.47419,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_1996": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      13.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the earlier GSS form of the question on the number of immigrants (letin in 1994 and 2000, letin1 in 1996), answer decreased or reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 958,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.5408,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2000": {
    "ci": [
      -3.5,
      10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the earlier GSS form of the question on the number of immigrants (letin in 1994 and 2000, letin1 in 1996), answer decreased or reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1027,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.31121,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2004": {
    "ci": [
      1.8,
      18.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 735,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 10.3173,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      4.8,
      20.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.8",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 994,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.7599,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      28.5,
      40.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.4",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1479,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 34.3748,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2022": {
    "ci": [
      35.9,
      47.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "41.6",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 2511,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 41.5698,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      42.5,
      52.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 2301,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 47.4776,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "g_overlap_share_2014": {
    "display": "65%",
    "estimand": "share of letin1 respondents who also answered letin1a (count, unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "GSS respondents who answered letin1",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "share of respondents",
    "value": 0.653636,
    "weights": "none (respondent count)"
  },
  "g_overlap_share_2024": {
    "display": "99%",
    "estimand": "share of letin1 respondents who also answered letin1a (count, unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents who answered letin1",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "share of respondents",
    "value": 0.986933,
    "weights": "none (respondent count)"
  },
  "g_variant_max": {
    "display": "7.2",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference between the gap on letin1 and the gap on letin1a (the two forms went to different respondents in 2004 and partly to the same respondents in 2014 and 2024)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004, 2014 and 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.18103,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_d_1996": {
    "ci": [
      33,
      41.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 596,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 37.3975,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      8.7,
      15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 828,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 11.8207,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_gap_2004": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      12.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 976,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.50316,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      37.2,
      48.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "43.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 1563,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 43.0415,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_r_1996": {
    "ci": [
      27.9,
      37.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "32.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 457,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 32.6419,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_crime_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      50,
      59.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants increase crime rates (immcrime), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 735,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 54.8623,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_economy_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      16.2,
      28.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS item that immigrants are good for America's economy (immameco), answer disagree or disagree strongly",
    "n": 1125,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 22.3388,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_fewer_gap_2004": {
    "ci": [
      4,
      19.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.6",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants (letin1), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 903,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.6195,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_fewer_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      41.5,
      56.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.8",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants (letin1), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1075,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 48.7864,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_jobs_d_1996": {
    "ci": [
      44.9,
      53.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "49.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants take jobs away (immjobs), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 610,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 49.3232,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_jobs_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      8.4,
      14.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants take jobs away (immjobs), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 833,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 11.4896,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_jobs_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      29.3,
      40.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.1",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share; the GSS item that immigrants take jobs away (immjobs), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 1578,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 35.0558,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_jobs_r_1996": {
    "ci": [
      41,
      51.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants take jobs away (immjobs), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 460,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 46.0876,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_jobs_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      41.7,
      51.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share; the GSS item that immigrants take jobs away (immjobs), answer agree or agree strongly",
    "n": 745,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 46.5454,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "gss_web_2021": {
    "display": "88%",
    "estimand": "share of interviews by web (count)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "GSS 2021 respondents who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "share of interviews",
    "value": 0.878277,
    "weights": "none (interview count)"
  },
  "n_a_early": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of study years with the item",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2008",
    "population": "ANES studies from 1992 to 2008",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_a_i_above": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the independent share is above both party shares",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2012",
    "population": "ANES studies before 2016 with an independent estimate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_a_i_pre": {
    "display": "7",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which an independent cell clears the suppression floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2012",
    "population": "ANES studies before 2016 with an independent estimate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 7,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_a_zero": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the 95% interval of the Republican minus Democratic gap includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2008",
    "population": "ANES studies from 1992 to 2008",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_item": {
    "display": "32,751",
    "estimand": "count of respondents with a usable answer (increased, same or decreased)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2024",
    "population": "ANES respondents who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 32751,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_waves": {
    "display": "11",
    "estimand": "count of study years with the item",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2024",
    "population": "ANES studies that asked the question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 11,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_items": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of immigration policy items in the cumulative policy file",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007-2021",
    "population": "CES immigration policy items",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "items",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_itemyears": {
    "display": "57",
    "estimand": "count of item-years with a Republican minus Democratic gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007-2021",
    "population": "CES immigration policy items",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "item-years",
    "value": 57,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_gss_item": {
    "display": "21,070",
    "estimand": "count of respondents with a usable answer to letin1a",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents who answered the question on the number of immigrants nowadays",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 21070,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_gss_items": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of items in the GSS module comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996-2024",
    "population": "GSS immigration module items used",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_gss_waves": {
    "display": "11",
    "estimand": "count of survey years with the item",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2024",
    "population": "GSS survey years that asked letin1a",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "surveys",
    "value": 11,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ns_weeks": {
    "display": "77",
    "estimand": "count of weeks with at least 500 respondents and enough respondents in each party on the wall item",
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Nationscape weekly waves",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "weeks",
    "value": 77,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_t_items": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "count of items in the 2024 comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "2024 ANES immigration items used",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "items",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_th_studies": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of study years with the rating and enough respondents in both parties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988-2024",
    "population": "ANES studies with the illegal immigrants thermometer",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "studies",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "ns_chg_deport": {
    "ci": [
      -7.5,
      -4.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap, weeks pooled within each half year; share who agree with deporting all undocumented immigrants",
    "n": 170810,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2019 compared with July to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -6.13994,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_chg_wall": {
    "ci": [
      -7.6,
      -5.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−6.5",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap, weeks pooled within each half year; share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 181095,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2019 compared with July to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -6.48106,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_d19_wall": {
    "ci": [
      13.6,
      14.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border, weeks pooled",
    "n": 47673,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2019",
    "population": "Democrats (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 14.1744,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_d20_wall": {
    "ci": [
      16.7,
      17.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border, weeks pooled",
    "n": 49677,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 17.2506,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_d_path_dream": {
    "ci": [
      9.1,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who disagree with a path to citizenship for those brought here as children",
    "n": 152999,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 9.37639,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_d_wall": {
    "ci": [
      15.5,
      16.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 147696,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 15.8261,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_d_wall_jan18": {
    "ci": [
      35.6,
      43.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "39.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 1522,
    "note": "",
    "period": "week of 18 January 2021",
    "population": "Democrats (no leaners) who answered the wall item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 39.3317,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_gap_deport": {
    "ci": [
      46.8,
      47.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.3",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share who agree with deporting all undocumented immigrants",
    "n": 260334,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 47.3421,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_gap_path_all": {
    "ci": [
      36.6,
      37.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.1",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share who disagree with a path to citizenship for all undocumented immigrants",
    "n": 262675,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 37.1199,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_gap_path_dream": {
    "ci": [
      21.5,
      22.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.0",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share who disagree with a path to citizenship for those brought here as children",
    "n": 274792,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 21.9751,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_gap_wall": {
    "ci": [
      64.9,
      65.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "65.4",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 275835,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 65.3673,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_i_wall": {
    "ci": [
      37.8,
      38.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 106663,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "independents who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 38.3225,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r19_wall": {
    "ci": [
      82.2,
      83.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border, weeks pooled",
    "n": 40328,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2019",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 82.8429,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r20_path_all": {
    "ci": [
      51.8,
      53.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who disagree with a path to citizenship for all undocumented immigrants, weeks pooled",
    "n": 40655,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2020",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 52.5454,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r20_wall": {
    "ci": [
      78.8,
      80
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "79.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border, weeks pooled",
    "n": 43417,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July to December 2020",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 79.438,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r_path_dream": {
    "ci": [
      30.9,
      31.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who disagree with a path to citizenship for those brought here as children",
    "n": 121793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 31.3515,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r_path_jan18": {
    "ci": [
      40,
      48.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who disagree with a path to citizenship for all undocumented immigrants",
    "n": 1166,
    "note": "",
    "period": "week of 18 January 2021",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 44.2282,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_r_wall": {
    "ci": [
      80.8,
      81.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "81.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who agree with building a wall on the southern US border",
    "n": 128139,
    "note": "",
    "period": "July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Republicans (no leaners) who answered the item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 81.1934,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_wall_max": {
    "display": "74.3",
    "estimand": "highest across weeks of the weekly Republican minus Democratic gap in agreeing with a wall on the southern border",
    "note": "",
    "period": "weekly, July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the wall item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 74.2973,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_wall_min": {
    "display": "57.4",
    "estimand": "lowest across weeks of the weekly Republican minus Democratic gap in agreeing with a wall on the southern border",
    "note": "",
    "period": "weekly, July 2019 to December 2020",
    "population": "Democrats and Republicans (no leaners) who answered the wall item",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 57.4412,
    "weights": "weight"
  },
  "ns_wk_jan": {
    "display": "18 January 2021",
    "estimand": "Monday that starts the field week in which the party shares move toward an even split on three of the four items",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "Nationscape weekly waves",
    "source": "nationscape",
    "unit": "date",
    "value": 20210118,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "rule_sd": {
    "display": "0.25",
    "estimand": "threshold of the sort-date rule of the chapter Sort dates by attitude",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all study years",
    "population": "the party gap on an attitude",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the answer",
    "value": 0.25,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "sort_bound": {
    "display": "2016",
    "estimand": "first study year in which the lower end of the 95% interval of the Republican minus Democratic gap in the z-score exceeds the rule and stays above it in every later study",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "year",
    "value": 2016,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "sort_point": {
    "display": "2012",
    "estimand": "first study year in which the point estimate of the Republican minus Democratic gap in the z-score exceeds the rule and stays above it in every later study",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "year",
    "value": 2012,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_d_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -18.4,
      -9.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−13.9",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2867,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -13.9446,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_d_1620": {
    "ci": [
      -17.4,
      -11.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−14.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 5107,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2020",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -14.3187,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      12.1,
      18.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 5833,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 15.2293,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_d_9224": {
    "ci": [
      -21.6,
      -13.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−17.6",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 3470,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -17.5589,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_ftf_1216": {
    "ci": [
      11.4,
      31.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.4",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap within one mode; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2562,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question, in-person respondents",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 21.3967,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (in-person mode weight)"
  },
  "st_a_gap_1216": {
    "ci": [
      13.8,
      24.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap (two separate samples); the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 7804,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 19.2645,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_gap_1620": {
    "ci": [
      -8.6,
      1.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−3.8",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap (two separate samples); the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 9626,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2020",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -3.75791,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_gap_1620_lo": {
    "display": "−8.6",
    "estimand": "lower end of the 95% interval of the later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap (two separate samples); the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 9626,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2020",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.61762,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -7.2,
      2.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap (two separate samples); the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 11046,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -2.22657,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_gap_2024_post": {
    "ci": [
      -5.4,
      4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.4",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap with the post-election weight; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 11046,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.409192,
    "weights": "weight_postelection (VCF9999)"
  },
  "st_a_gss_r_0816": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      21.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.4",
    "estimand": "change in the Republican share wanting fewer immigrants among all ANES respondents minus the change in the GSS (different questions, separate samples)",
    "n": 3122,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.3717,
    "weights": "weight, weight_ftf (ANES) and weight_use (GSS)"
  },
  "st_a_ir_2008": {
    "ci": [
      -7.2,
      11.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.2",
    "estimand": "weighted independent share minus weighted Republican share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 823,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Republican identifiers and independents who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.18826,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_modegap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      0,
      16.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.2",
    "estimand": "web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 4664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.21235,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_modegap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      -3.9,
      13.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.8",
    "estimand": "web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 3140,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.79281,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_modegap_2016_hi": {
    "display": "13.5",
    "estimand": "upper end of the 95% interval of the web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 3140,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.5004,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_modegap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3.4,
      25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.2",
    "estimand": "web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2432,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 14.1855,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moder_2012": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      15.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.3",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1827,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.32833,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moder_2016": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      18.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.1",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1476,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.0969,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moder_2024": {
    "ci": [
      11.1,
      27.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.3",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1125,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 19.3329,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moderd_2012": {
    "ci": [
      -4,
      6.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.1",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 2837,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.11598,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moderd_2016": {
    "ci": [
      1.7,
      13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.3",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.30413,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_moderd_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -1.8,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.1",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 1307,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.14737,
    "weights": "weight_ftf and weight_web (mode weights)"
  },
  "st_a_r_0816": {
    "ci": [
      9.3,
      20.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.8",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2072,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 14.8007,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_r_1620": {
    "ci": [
      -21.8,
      -14.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−18.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 4519,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2020",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -18.0767,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      9.2,
      16.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.0",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 5213,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.0027,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_r_9224": {
    "ci": [
      2.9,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.5",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2988,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.47567,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_a_web_1216": {
    "ci": [
      11.4,
      24.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.0",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap within one mode; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased",
    "n": 5242,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the ANES immigration level question, web respondents",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 17.9772,
    "weights": "weight_web (web mode weight)"
  },
  "st_af_d_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -25.2,
      -13.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−19.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share, in-person respondents only; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1678,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -19.2706,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_af_d_9224": {
    "ci": [
      -29,
      -16.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−22.7",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share, in-person respondents only; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1540,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -22.6691,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_af_gss_r_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -6.4,
      14.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.9",
    "estimand": "change in the Republican share wanting fewer immigrants among in-person ANES respondents minus the change in the GSS (different questions, separate samples)",
    "n": 2101,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.90518,
    "weights": "weight, weight_ftf (ANES) and weight_use (GSS)"
  },
  "st_af_r_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -1,
      13.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share, in-person respondents only; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1051,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.33419,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_af_r_1624": {
    "ci": [
      -18.6,
      -0.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.8",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share, in-person respondents only; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 844,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.76424,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_af_r_9224": {
    "ci": [
      -13.3,
      2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.7",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share, in-person respondents only; the ANES question on the number of immigrants (VCF0879a), answer decreased (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1207,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the ANES immigration level question",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -5.68116,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_c_d_border_0717": {
    "ci": [
      -16.1,
      -11.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−13.7",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the CES item on more border patrols, support (check-all-that-apply format; two separate samples)",
    "n": 12957,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007 to 2017",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the CES item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -13.7129,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "st_c_r_border_0717": {
    "ci": [
      0.9,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.5",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the CES item on more border patrols, support (check-all-that-apply format; two separate samples)",
    "n": 9548,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2007 to 2017",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the CES item",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.53499,
    "weights": "weight (single-wave weight)"
  },
  "st_g_d_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -30.2,
      -18.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−24.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1503,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -24.2898,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_d_1622": {
    "ci": [
      -13.9,
      -4.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2270,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2022",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.12024,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_d_2224": {
    "ci": [
      6.4,
      15.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2620,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.1307,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_ftf_2224": {
    "ci": [
      -5.5,
      18.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.6",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap within one mode; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1909,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants, in-person respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.5694,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_ftfr_2224": {
    "ci": [
      14.2,
      32.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.3",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted Republican share within one mode; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 878,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants, in-person respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 23.2519,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_modegap_2022": {
    "ci": [
      2,
      25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.5",
    "estimand": "web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 2266,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.5025,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_modegap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -3.2,
      18.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.6",
    "estimand": "web gap minus in-person gap, Republican minus Democratic share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 2032,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.59344,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_moder_2022": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      22.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.6",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 996,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.6254,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_moder_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -7.7,
      6.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.4",
    "estimand": "web share minus in-person share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 972,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.415062,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_0816": {
    "ci": [
      -4.7,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.4",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1050,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.42901,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_0816_hi": {
    "display": "9.6",
    "estimand": "upper end of the 95% interval of the later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1050,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.60669,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_1618": {
    "ci": [
      -16.3,
      -1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.9",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1130,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2018",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.92739,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_1622": {
    "ci": [
      -8.5,
      4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.9",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1720,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2022",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.92522,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_1624": {
    "ci": [
      9.4,
      20.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1706,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 15.1132,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_r_2224": {
    "ci": [
      11.2,
      22.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.0",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted share; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2192,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 17.0384,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_variant_2004": {
    "ci": [
      -10.1,
      12.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.3",
    "estimand": "gap on letin1 minus gap on letin1a (Republican minus Democratic share; different respondents in 2004)",
    "n": 1638,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.30218,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_web_2224": {
    "ci": [
      -9.6,
      10.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.7",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier Republican minus Democratic gap within one mode; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 2389,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants, web respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.660358,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_g_webr_2224": {
    "ci": [
      2.3,
      18.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted Republican share within one mode; the GSS question on the number of immigrants nowadays (letin1a), answer reduced a little or a lot",
    "n": 1090,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the GSS question on the number of immigrants, web respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 10.2115,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004)"
  },
  "st_th_d_8824": {
    "ci": [
      14.8,
      19.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.1",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted mean rating of illegal immigrants (two separate samples)",
    "n": 3079,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 17.0559,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_th_gap_8824": {
    "ci": [
      19,
      25.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier warmth gap (Democratic mean rating of illegal immigrants minus Republican mean rating), two separate samples",
    "n": 5843,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 22.2072,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_th_r_8824": {
    "ci": [
      -7.4,
      -2.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted mean rating of illegal immigrants (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2764,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": -5.15138,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_thf_r_8824": {
    "ci": [
      -7.2,
      0
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−3.6",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted mean rating of illegal immigrants, in-person respondents only (two separate samples)",
    "n": 1084,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who rated illegal immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": -3.57764,
    "weights": "weight before 2008 (in person by design) and weight_ftf from 2008"
  },
  "st_thh_d_8824": {
    "ci": [
      12.2,
      16.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted mean rating of Hispanics (two separate samples)",
    "n": 3075,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 14.1559,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_thh_gap_8824": {
    "ci": [
      -0.9,
      4.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.9",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier warmth gap (Democratic mean rating of Hispanics minus Republican mean rating), two separate samples",
    "n": 5809,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 1.93516,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "st_thh_r_8824": {
    "ci": [
      10.2,
      14.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.2",
    "estimand": "later minus earlier weighted mean rating of Hispanics (two separate samples)",
    "n": 2734,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 12.2207,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "t_d_children": {
    "ci": [
      3.6,
      6.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share giving the restrictive answer: children brought illegally should be sent back",
    "n": 2331,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 4.90548,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_birthright": {
    "ci": [
      22.3,
      29.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: favor ending birthright citizenship",
    "n": 4424,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 25.926,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_children": {
    "ci": [
      16.8,
      22.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.7",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: children brought illegally should be sent back",
    "n": 4384,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 19.7395,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_crime": {
    "ci": [
      50.8,
      57.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.2",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: illegal immigration increases crime",
    "n": 4391,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 54.2383,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_economy": {
    "ci": [
      21.5,
      27.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.6",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: immigrants are bad for the economy",
    "n": 4391,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 24.6211,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_jobs": {
    "ci": [
      36.3,
      43.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "39.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: immigration likely takes jobs",
    "n": 4402,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 39.9189,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_levels": {
    "ci": [
      25,
      32.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: decrease immigration levels",
    "n": 4560,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 28.9313,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_levels_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      10.4,
      28.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.4",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: decrease immigration levels",
    "n": 849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, in-person interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 19.3671,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_levels_web": {
    "ci": [
      27.7,
      40.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: decrease immigration levels",
    "n": 1583,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024, web interviews",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 33.949,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_nopath": {
    "ci": [
      19.8,
      26.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.1",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: oppose a path to citizenship",
    "n": 4401,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 23.0654,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_gap_wall": {
    "ci": [
      57.6,
      64.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60.9",
    "estimand": "weighted Republican share minus weighted Democratic share giving the restrictive answer: favor a border wall",
    "n": 4426,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 60.9369,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_mode_max_other": {
    "ci": [
      4.1,
      17.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.0",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference between the web gap and the in-person gap (Republican minus Democratic) across the nine items other than immigration levels",
    "n": 2440,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 10.9703,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_pre_weight_max": {
    "display": "0.3",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference, over the four pre-election items, between the gap weighted with the post-election weight and the gap weighted with the pre-election weight (V240107a)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.336723,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "t_r_children": {
    "ci": [
      22,
      27.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share giving the restrictive answer: children brought illegally should be sent back",
    "n": 2053,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the item",
    "source": "anes2024",
    "unit": "percent of respondents who answered the item",
    "value": 24.645,
    "weights": "w_post (V240107b, post-election); w_post_ftf and w_post_web for the mode views"
  },
  "th_d_1988": {
    "ci": [
      37.9,
      41.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "39.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 39.7152,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      55.4,
      58.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "56.8",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 2303,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 56.7711,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_gap_1988": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating of illegal immigrants among Democrats minus the mean among Republicans (warmth gap)",
    "n": 1473,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 7.70947,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      27.8,
      32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "29.9",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating of illegal immigrants among Democrats minus the mean among Republicans (warmth gap)",
    "n": 4370,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 29.9167,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_r_1988": {
    "ci": [
      30.4,
      33.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "32.0",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 697,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 32.0057,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_r_2004": {
    "ci": [
      32.6,
      37.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.0",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 435,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 34.9992,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_r_2020": {
    "ci": [
      32.5,
      34.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 2914,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 33.7225,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "th_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      25.3,
      28.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.9",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of illegal immigrants (illegal aliens in the cumulative file label)",
    "n": 2067,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 26.8544,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_d_1988": {
    "ci": [
      58.2,
      61.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "59.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of Hispanics",
    "n": 763,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 59.7287,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_d_2024": {
    "ci": [
      72.6,
      75.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "73.9",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of Hispanics",
    "n": 2312,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 73.8846,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_gap_1988": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      7.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.4",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating of Hispanics among Democrats minus the mean among Republicans (warmth gap)",
    "n": 1447,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 5.37198,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.4,
      9.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.3",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating of Hispanics among Democrats minus the mean among Republicans (warmth gap)",
    "n": 4362,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 7.30714,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_r_1988": {
    "ci": [
      52.9,
      55.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.4",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of Hispanics",
    "n": 684,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 54.3567,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "thh_r_2024": {
    "ci": [
      65.2,
      67.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "66.6",
    "estimand": "weighted mean feeling thermometer rating of Hispanics",
    "n": 2050,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Republican identifiers (leaners included) who rated the group",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 66.5774,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "z_gap_2012_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      0.102,
      0.372
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.237",
    "estimand": "Republican minus Democratic gap in the within-year z-score of the five-category answer (VCF0879), standardized within the mode",
    "n": 1632,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed in person who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the answer",
    "value": 0.23694,
    "weights": "weight_ftf"
  },
  "z_gap_2012_web": {
    "ci": [
      0.28,
      0.464
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.372",
    "estimand": "Republican minus Democratic gap in the within-year z-score of the five-category answer (VCF0879), standardized within the mode",
    "n": 3032,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) interviewed on the web who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the answer",
    "value": 0.371691,
    "weights": "weight_web"
  },
  "z_lo_2012": {
    "display": "0.248",
    "estimand": "lower end of the 95% interval of the Republican minus Democratic gap in the within-year z-score of the five-category answer (VCF0879)",
    "n": 4664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the answer",
    "value": 0.247609,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "z_lo_2012_part": {
    "display": "0.2500",
    "estimand": "lower end of the 95% interval of the Republican minus Democratic gap in the z-score of the five-category answer (VCF0879) standardized among party identifiers only",
    "n": 4664,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "Democratic and Republican identifiers (leaners included) who answered the five-category ANES question on the number of immigrants",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the answer",
    "value": 0.249986,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  }
}