{
  "adj_1972": {
    "ci": [
      17.8,
      22.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.9%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share re-weighted to the party, education, age group and race mix of all partisans in the year (95% Wilson interval on the Kish effective n of the adjusted weights)",
    "n": 1365,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 19.8764,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "adj_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      8.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.9%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share re-weighted to the party, education, age group and race mix of all partisans in the year (95% Wilson interval on the Kish effective n of the adjusted weights)",
    "n": 4207,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 6.90011,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "adj_fall": {
    "ci": [
      10.5,
      15.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.0",
    "estimand": "fall in the cross-pressured share re-weighted to the party, education, age group and race mix of all partisans, 2024 minus 1972 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 5572,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972 to 2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.9763,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "allp_1972": {
    "ci": [
      10.5,
      13.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.7%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured partisans as a share of all partisans, unplaced partisans counted as not cross-pressured (lower bound; 95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2295,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 11.7211,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "allp_2024": {
    "ci": [
      4.6,
      6.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.4%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured partisans as a share of all partisans, unplaced partisans counted as not cross-pressured (lower bound; 95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 5103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 5.42824,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "allp_fall": {
    "ci": [
      4.7,
      7.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.3",
    "estimand": "fall in the cross-pressured share of all partisans (unplaced counted as not cross-pressured), 2024 minus 1972 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 7398,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972 to 2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.2929,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_chg_0816": {
    "ci": [
      1.8,
      6.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.1",
    "estimand": "change in the ANES cross-pressured share, 2016 minus 2008 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 4397,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.07958,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_chg_0824": {
    "ci": [
      2.7,
      7.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.9",
    "estimand": "change in the ANES cross-pressured share, 2024 minus 2008 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 5930,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "2008 to 2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.94225,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "avg70": {
    "display": "18.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 1970s rates of the four cohorts with 100 or more placed partisans, used for cohorts not observed then",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 18.5211,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1927_2010": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      10.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 797,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1927 to 1942",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 7.94492,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1927_2020": {
    "ci": [
      7.3,
      13.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 625,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1927 to 1942",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 10.0322,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1943_1970": {
    "ci": [
      15.7,
      19.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1702,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1943 to 1958",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 17.5712,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1943_2010": {
    "ci": [
      7.5,
      10.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2392,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1943 to 1958",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 8.87981,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1943_2020": {
    "ci": [
      4,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2910,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1943 to 1958",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 4.95536,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1959_1980": {
    "ci": [
      18.8,
      24.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 863,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1959 to 1974",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 21.4368,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1975_1990": {
    "ci": [
      6.2,
      17.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 153,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990-1998 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1975 to 1990",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 10.4457,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "c1991_2010": {
    "ci": [
      6,
      13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the birth cohort and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 407,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1991 or later",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 8.8929,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1895": {
    "ci": [
      -8.5,
      1.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−3.3",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 972,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 1980-1988",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1895 to 1910",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -3.27038,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1911": {
    "ci": [
      -7.9,
      4.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.5",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 1463,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2000-2008",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1911 to 1926",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.49144,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1927": {
    "ci": [
      -12.6,
      -4.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.7",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 1949,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1927 to 1942",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.65536,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1927_last": {
    "ci": [
      -2,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.1",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share between the last two plotted pooled periods",
    "n": 1422,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1927 to 1942",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.08733,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1943": {
    "ci": [
      -14.9,
      -10.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−12.6",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 4612,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1943 to 1958",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -12.6158,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1959": {
    "ci": [
      -17.9,
      -11.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−14.9",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 3648,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1959 to 1974",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -14.8874,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1975": {
    "ci": [
      -10.5,
      0.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.9",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 2942,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990-1998 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1975 to 1990",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -4.90716,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1991": {
    "ci": [
      -8.6,
      -1.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.9",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period",
    "n": 1770,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1991 or later",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -4.85554,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cchg_1991_deff": {
    "ci": [
      -10.1,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.9",
    "estimand": "change in the cross-pressured share from the cohort's first to its last plotted pooled period, with the 95% interval widened by the factor sqrt(2) that a design effect of 2 implies",
    "n": 1770,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1991 or later",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -4.85554,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ces_2006": {
    "ci": [
      4,
      4.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans on the five-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 30222,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006",
    "population": "CES respondents who identify with a party (leaners included) and place themselves on the five-point ideology scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of placed CES partisans",
    "value": 4.2565,
    "weights": "weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ces_2016": {
    "ci": [
      8.1,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans on the five-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 50082,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES respondents who identify with a party (leaners included) and place themselves on the five-point ideology scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of placed CES partisans",
    "value": 8.43315,
    "weights": "weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ces_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3.4,
      4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans on the five-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 49320,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who identify with a party (leaners included) and place themselves on the five-point ideology scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of placed CES partisans",
    "value": 3.67012,
    "weights": "weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ces_chg_0816": {
    "ci": [
      2.5,
      3.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.0",
    "estimand": "change in the CES cross-pressured share, 2016 minus 2008 (a rise)",
    "n": 77436,
    "note": "Size of the rise.",
    "period": "2008 to 2016",
    "population": "CES respondents who identify with a party (leaners included) and place themselves on the five-point ideology scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.95034,
    "weights": "weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ces_chg_0824": {
    "ci": [
      1.4,
      2.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.8",
    "estimand": "change in the CES cross-pressured share, 2024 minus 2008 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 76674,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "2008 to 2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who identify with a party (leaners included) and place themselves on the five-point ideology scale",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.81268,
    "weights": "weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "cfa_2020": {
    "ci": [
      17.1,
      19.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.3%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share with every cohort held at its 1970s rate, bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 18.3277,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cfb_2020": {
    "ci": [
      13.5,
      16.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.1%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share with every cohort held at its entry rate, bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 15.0551,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "comp_a": {
    "ci": [
      -0.2,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.1",
    "estimand": "change in the share from the cohort mix alone, cohorts frozen at 1970s rates; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.0526754,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "comp_b": {
    "ci": [
      1.3,
      5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.2",
    "estimand": "fall in the share from the cohort mix alone, cohorts frozen at entry rates (sign dropped); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.23872,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "consdem_1972": {
    "ci": [
      21.7,
      27.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed Democrats who are conservative (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 776,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed Democrats (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed Democrats",
    "value": 24.6134,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "consdem_2024": {
    "ci": [
      6.7,
      10
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed Democrats who are conservative (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2310,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed Democrats (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed Democrats",
    "value": 8.18071,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "consdem_ratio": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.42
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.33",
    "estimand": "conservative share of placed Democrats in 2024 divided by the same share in 1972, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 3086,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 over 1972",
    "population": "placed Democrats (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "ratio of the 2024 share to the 1972 share",
    "value": 0.332368,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_1972": {
    "ci": [
      17.6,
      21.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 19.6207,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_1990": {
    "ci": [
      17.5,
      22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1220,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 19.6721,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_2004": {
    "ci": [
      9.4,
      14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 11.4979,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_2020": {
    "ci": [
      4.5,
      5.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 6353,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 5.16976,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.4,
      7.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are conservative Democrats or liberal Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 6.32773,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_2024_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      5.1,
      10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured in the face-to-face sample (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 834,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans interviewed in 2024 by face-to-face",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 7.20583,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (mode-specific ANES weight)"
  },
  "cross_2024_other": {
    "ci": [
      5.7,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured among the 2024 cases with no mode weight (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2049,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans interviewed in 2024 who are in neither the face-to-face nor the web sample (panel and paper cases)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 7.11059,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "cross_2024_web": {
    "ci": [
      3.4,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured in the web sample (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1599,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans interviewed in 2024 by web",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 4.59105,
    "weights": "weight_web (mode-specific ANES weight)"
  },
  "decline_cf": {
    "ci": [
      11.5,
      14.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.8",
    "estimand": "fall in the observed share (sign dropped); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 15548,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.836,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "deff": {
    "display": "2",
    "estimand": "assumed ratio of the true sampling variance to the model-based variance, used only to show which verdicts are close to zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all periods",
    "population": "illustrative design effect",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "ratio of variances",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "deff_width": {
    "display": "41%",
    "estimand": "percent by which every half-width of an interval grows when the sampling variance is multiplied by the assumed design effect",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all periods",
    "population": "illustrative design effect",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent",
    "value": 41.4214,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "dk_2000": {
    "display": "22.3%",
    "estimand": "share of respondents with a recorded answer who chose don't know",
    "n": 866,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "2000 ANES respondents with a recorded answer to the item",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a recorded answer (unweighted)",
    "value": 22.2864,
    "weights": "none (unweighted counts of respondents)"
  },
  "dk_other_max": {
    "display": "24.0%",
    "estimand": "highest yearly share who chose don't know among respondents with a recorded answer",
    "n": 5700,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996, 1998, 2002, 2004",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a recorded answer in 1996, 1998, 2002 and 2004",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a recorded answer (unweighted)",
    "value": 24.0297,
    "weights": "none (unweighted counts of respondents)"
  },
  "dk_other_min": {
    "display": "16.8%",
    "estimand": "lowest yearly share who chose don't know among respondents with a recorded answer",
    "n": 5700,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996, 1998, 2002, 2004",
    "population": "ANES respondents with a recorded answer in 1996, 1998, 2002 and 2004",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a recorded answer (unweighted)",
    "value": 16.8337,
    "weights": "none (unweighted counts of respondents)"
  },
  "edu_col_1970": {
    "ci": [
      12.9,
      17.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the education group and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1039,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with college degree",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 15.0851,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_col_2000": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      8.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the education group and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1438,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000-2008 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with college degree",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 6.91573,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_col_2020": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      4.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the education group and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 5419,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with college degree",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 3.59732,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_fall": {
    "ci": [
      11.4,
      13.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.7",
    "estimand": "observed fall in the cross-pressured share (sign dropped); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within the two pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 15793,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.7111,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_gap_1970": {
    "ci": [
      2.6,
      8.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.4",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share of partisans with a high school education or less minus that of college graduates",
    "n": 3945,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a high school education or less, and college graduates",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.4384,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_gap_1990": {
    "ci": [
      9.2,
      13.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.3",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share of partisans with a high school education or less minus that of college graduates",
    "n": 4473,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990-1998 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a high school education or less, and college graduates",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.3251,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_gap_2000": {
    "ci": [
      8.1,
      14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.0",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share of partisans with a high school education or less minus that of college graduates",
    "n": 2732,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000-2008 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a high school education or less, and college graduates",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.0369,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      3.4,
      6.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.1",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share of partisans with a high school education or less minus that of college graduates",
    "n": 7293,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a high school education or less, and college graduates",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.13679,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_hs_2000": {
    "ci": [
      15.6,
      20.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the education group and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1294,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000-2008 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with high school or less",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 17.9526,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_hs_2020": {
    "ci": [
      7.2,
      10.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the education group and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1874,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with high school or less",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 8.73411,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_mix": {
    "ci": [
      0.9,
      1.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.3",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share at the 1970s education mix minus the observed 2020s share, 2020s group rates; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within the two pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10724,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.30758,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_mix_share": {
    "ci": [
      6.6,
      15.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.3%",
    "estimand": "education-mix effect as a share of the observed fall; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within the two pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 15793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": 10.2869,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_obs_2020": {
    "ci": [
      5.1,
      6.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.7%",
    "estimand": "observed cross-pressured share; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within the two pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10724,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 5.66406,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_share_1970": {
    "ci": [
      19.4,
      21.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share with a college degree (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 5069,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 20.5985,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_share_2020": {
    "ci": [
      40,
      42.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "41.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share with a college degree (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 10724,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 41.2695,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "edu_std_2020": {
    "ci": [
      6.1,
      8.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.0%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share with the 2020s rates of the three education groups and the 1970s education mix; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within the two pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10724,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known education level",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 6.97164,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "fall_7224": {
    "ci": [
      10.9,
      15.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.3",
    "estimand": "fall in the cross-pressured share, 2024 minus 1972 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 5853,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972 to 2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 13.293,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "flat_high": {
    "ci": [
      17.8,
      23.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.3%",
    "estimand": "highest yearly cross-pressured share from 1972 to 1990",
    "n": 892,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 20.2915,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "flat_low": {
    "ci": [
      15.1,
      19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.0%",
    "estimand": "lowest yearly cross-pressured share from 1972 to 1990",
    "n": 1401,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1984",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 16.9879,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "floor_n": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "minimum number of placed partisans, and minimum effective sample size, for a subgroup cell to be shown",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all periods",
    "population": "cells of the figures and tables",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents (and Kish effective sample size)",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "ind_1972": {
    "ci": [
      15.6,
      19.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.4%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured partisans as a share of everyone who reports a party identification and places themselves, independents in the denominator (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1545,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "respondents with a party identification and an ideology placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification and an ideology placement",
    "value": 17.411,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ind_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.1,
      7.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.0%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured partisans as a share of everyone who reports a party identification and places themselves, independents in the denominator (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 4716,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "respondents with a party identification and an ideology placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a party identification and an ideology placement",
    "value": 6.04287,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ind_fall": {
    "ci": [
      9.2,
      13.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.4",
    "estimand": "fall in the cross-pressured share with pure independents in the denominator, 2024 minus 1972 (sign dropped)",
    "n": 6261,
    "note": "Size of the fall; the change is negative.",
    "period": "1972 to 2024",
    "population": "respondents with a party identification and an ideology placement",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.3681,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "librep_1972": {
    "ci": [
      10.6,
      16.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed Republicans who are liberal (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 595,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed Republicans (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed Republicans",
    "value": 13.1092,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "librep_2024": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      5.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed Republicans who are liberal (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2172,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed Republicans (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed Republicans",
    "value": 4.37014,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "librep_ratio": {
    "ci": [
      0.23,
      0.47
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.33",
    "estimand": "liberal share of placed Republicans in 2024 divided by the same share in 1972, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 2767,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 over 1972",
    "population": "placed Republicans (leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "ratio of the 2024 share to the 1972 share",
    "value": 0.333363,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "moderate_1972": {
    "ci": [
      34.2,
      39.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves at the midpoint of the scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 36.7615,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "moderate_2024": {
    "ci": [
      22.6,
      26.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves at the midpoint of the scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 24.3597,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "mort_ratio": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.24",
    "estimand": "odds ratio of the cross-pressured share (2020s over 1970s), read as the survival of the cross-pressured relative to other partisans if the fall were all differential loss",
    "n": 4612,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 versus 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1943 to 1958",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "ratio of survival odds",
    "value": 0.244582,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "n_2000": {
    "display": "603",
    "estimand": "count of placed partisans in the smallest study year",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 603,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_c1975_1990": {
    "display": "153",
    "estimand": "count of placed partisans in the first plotted cell of the cohort",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990-1998 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1975 to 1990",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 153,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_missing_cohort": {
    "display": "553",
    "estimand": "count",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with no birth cohort in the file",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 553,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_other_2024": {
    "display": "2,049",
    "estimand": "count of 2024 placed partisans with no mode weight; the same respondents have no region in the cumulative file",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 2049,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_placed": {
    "display": "39,662",
    "estimand": "count of placed partisans over all study years",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 39662,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_sub_1895_1990": {
    "display": "105",
    "estimand": "count of placed partisans in a cell below the floor, not plotted",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990-1998 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1895 to 1910",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 105,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_sub_1911_2010": {
    "display": "60",
    "estimand": "count of placed partisans in a cell below the floor, not plotted",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012-2016 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1911 to 1926",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 60,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "n_years": {
    "display": "22",
    "estimand": "count of study years with placed partisans",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "ANES study years that carry the seven-point ideology item",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "survey years",
    "value": 22,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "noanswer_2000": {
    "display": "52.1%",
    "estimand": "share of respondents with no recorded answer to the seven-point liberal-conservative item",
    "n": 1807,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "all 2000 ANES respondents",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents (unweighted)",
    "value": 52.0753,
    "weights": "none (unweighted counts of respondents)"
  },
  "noanswer_other_max": {
    "display": "0.9%",
    "estimand": "highest share of respondents with no recorded answer to the item in the four neighboring study years",
    "n": 5718,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996, 1998, 2002, 2004",
    "population": "ANES respondents in 1996, 1998, 2002 and 2004",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents (unweighted)",
    "value": 0.926539,
    "weights": "none (unweighted counts of respondents)"
  },
  "non_cross_1970": {
    "ci": [
      15.1,
      17.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "16.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the region and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 3493,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans outside the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 16.4199,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "non_cross_2020": {
    "ci": [
      4.2,
      5.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the region and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 6842,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans outside the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 4.88216,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "non_dem_1970": {
    "ci": [
      27.9,
      33.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "30.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed conservative partisans who are Democrats (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1299,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans outside the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed conservative partisans",
    "value": 30.5541,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "non_dem_2020": {
    "ci": [
      7,
      9.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed conservative partisans who are Democrats (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2583,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans outside the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed conservative partisans",
    "value": 8.33257,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "obs_1970": {
    "ci": [
      17.3,
      19.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.5%",
    "estimand": "observed cross-pressured share, bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 18.4578,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "obs_2020": {
    "ci": [
      5,
      6.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.6%",
    "estimand": "observed cross-pressured share, bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 5.62179,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_1972": {
    "ci": [
      57.7,
      61.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "59.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2295,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 59.7386,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_2000": {
    "ci": [
      33.1,
      38.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1568,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2000",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 35.6409,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_2020": {
    "ci": [
      83.8,
      86
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "84.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 7277,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 84.9276,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_2024": {
    "ci": [
      84.3,
      87.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "85.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 5103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 85.785,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_early_max": {
    "display": "81.2%",
    "estimand": "highest yearly placement rate (weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 2008 except 2000",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 81.1516,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_early_min": {
    "display": "65.2%",
    "estimand": "lowest yearly placement rate (weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 2008 except 2000",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 65.157,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_late_max": {
    "display": "92.5%",
    "estimand": "highest yearly placement rate (weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 92.5158,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "placed_late_min": {
    "display": "77.1%",
    "estimand": "lowest yearly placement rate (weighted share who place themselves on the seven-point scale)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 77.1148,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ratio_b_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.4,
      0.59
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.49",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-3 and 5-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 28802,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 0.486496,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ratio_b_2016": {
    "ci": [
      1,
      1.38
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.17",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-3 and 5-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 53031,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 1.17283,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ratio_b_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.48,
      0.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.58",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-3 and 5-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 53802,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 0.580007,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ratio_s_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.9,
      1.64
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.22",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-2 and 6-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 28802,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 1.21885,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ratio_s_2016": {
    "ci": [
      2.48,
      4.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.23",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-2 and 6-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 53031,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 3.23238,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "ratio_s_2024": {
    "ci": [
      1.07,
      1.85
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.41",
    "estimand": "CES cross-pressured share divided by the ANES share, ANES conservatives and liberals defined as points 1-2 and 6-7 of the seven-point scale, 95% interval by the delta method (normal-theory standard errors)",
    "n": 53802,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans in each survey",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "ratio of the CES share to the ANES share",
    "value": 1.4067,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z); weight (one wave; the cumulative weight gives the same within-year shares)"
  },
  "reg_dem_gap_1970": {
    "ci": [
      13.1,
      23
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.1",
    "estimand": "Democratic share of placed conservatives in the South minus that outside the South",
    "n": 1952,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 18.0561,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "reg_dem_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      -1.3,
      3.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.0",
    "estimand": "Democratic share of placed conservatives in the South minus that outside the South",
    "n": 4493,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.962654,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "reg_gap_1970": {
    "ci": [
      3.9,
      9.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.5",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share in the South minus that outside the South",
    "n": 5084,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.47978,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "reg_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      3.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.0",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured share in the South minus that outside the South",
    "n": 10835,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.02321,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "resid_a": {
    "ci": [
      0,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.2",
    "estimand": "observed 1970s share minus the share that the cohort mix of the 1970s gives at the fixed cohort rates, cohorts frozen at 1970s rates; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "Size of the baseline residual; the frozen rates predict a 1970s share below the observed one.",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.182745,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "resid_b": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.2",
    "estimand": "observed 1970s share minus the share that the cohort mix of the 1970s gives at the fixed cohort rates, cohorts frozen at entry rates; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "Size of the baseline residual; the frozen rates predict a 1970s share below the observed one.",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.163905,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_2024_other": {
    "display": "45.7%",
    "estimand": "share of the 2024 placed partisans with no mode weight (panel and paper cases)",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans (unweighted count)",
    "value": 45.7162,
    "weights": "none (count or constant)"
  },
  "share_a": {
    "ci": [
      -2.2,
      1.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.4%",
    "estimand": "cohort-mix change with cohorts frozen at 1970s rates as a share of the observed fall (negative when the mix alone raises the share); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": -0.410373,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_b": {
    "ci": [
      10.8,
      38
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.2%",
    "estimand": "cohort-mix change with cohorts frozen at entry rates as a share of the observed fall; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": 25.2316,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_bl": {
    "ci": [
      11.6,
      38.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.0%",
    "estimand": "cohort-mix change as a share of the observed fall, cohorts frozen at entry rates with a looser rule for a well-observed cell (50 placed partisans and an effective sample of 50); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": 26.0495,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_bs": {
    "ci": [
      9,
      32.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.4%",
    "estimand": "cohort-mix change as a share of the observed fall, cohorts frozen at entry rates with a stricter rule for a well-observed cell (200 placed partisans and an effective sample of 150); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": 21.4356,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_c": {
    "ci": [
      70.6,
      77.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.0%",
    "estimand": "cohort-mix change as a share of the observed fall, with the cohorts born after 1958 held at their own 2020s rates instead of their entry rates; bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of the fall",
    "value": 74.019,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_new_2020": {
    "display": "73.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed partisans born after 1958",
    "n": 10489,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 73.9425,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "share_old_1970": {
    "display": "38.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed partisans born before 1927",
    "n": 5059,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 38.4782,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "sorted_1972": {
    "ci": [
      41,
      46.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "43.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are liberal Democrats or conservative Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1371,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 43.6178,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "sorted_2024": {
    "ci": [
      67.3,
      71.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "69.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who are liberal Democrats or conservative Republicans (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 4482,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 69.3126,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_cross_1970": {
    "ci": [
      20.7,
      25.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the region and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1591,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans in the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 22.8996,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_cross_2020": {
    "ci": [
      5.9,
      8.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured within the region and pooled period (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 3993,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans in the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 6.90538,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_dem_1970": {
    "ci": [
      44.5,
      52.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "48.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed conservative partisans who are Democrats (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 653,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans in the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed conservative partisans",
    "value": 48.6102,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "south_dem_2020": {
    "ci": [
      7.7,
      11.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of placed conservative partisans who are Democrats (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 1910,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020-2024 pooled",
    "population": "placed conservative partisans in the Census South",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed conservative partisans",
    "value": 9.29523,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "sub_1895_1990": {
    "ci": [
      7.8,
      21.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured in a cell below the floor of 100 placed partisans and an effective sample of 100, not plotted (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 105,
    "note": "Below the chapter's floor; reported only to show that the cell gives no support for a level line.",
    "period": "1990-1998 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1895 to 1910",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 13.0878,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "sub_1911_2010": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share cross-pressured in a cell below the floor of 100 placed partisans and an effective sample of 100, not plotted (95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 60,
    "note": "Below the chapter's floor; reported only to show that the cell gives no support for a level line.",
    "period": "2012-2016 pooled",
    "population": "placed partisans born 1911 to 1926",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of placed partisans",
    "value": 12.7727,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ub_1972": {
    "ci": [
      49.9,
      54
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52.0%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured or unplaced partisans as a share of all partisans, unplaced partisans counted as cross-pressured (upper bound; 95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 2295,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 51.9826,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ub_2024": {
    "ci": [
      18.1,
      21.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.6%",
    "estimand": "cross-pressured or unplaced partisans as a share of all partisans, unplaced partisans counted as cross-pressured (upper bound; 95% Wilson interval)",
    "n": 5103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of partisans",
    "value": 19.6433,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "uptick_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      2.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.2",
    "estimand": "difference in the cross-pressured share between 2024 and 2020 (independent samples, normal-theory interval)",
    "n": 10835,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 minus 2020",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.15797,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "uptick_hi": {
    "display": "2.4",
    "estimand": "upper end of the 95% interval of the difference in the cross-pressured share between 2024 and 2020",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024 minus 2020",
    "population": "placed partisans (Democrats and Republicans, leaners included, who place themselves on the seven-point ideology scale)",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.42416,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "within_a": {
    "ci": [
      11.5,
      14.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.9",
    "estimand": "observed fall minus the cohort-mix part, cohorts frozen at 1970s rates (sign dropped); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 15548,
    "note": "Size of the within-cohort part; the parts sum to the observed fall.",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 12.8887,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "within_b": {
    "ci": [
      7.9,
      11.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.6",
    "estimand": "observed fall minus the cohort-mix part, cohorts frozen at entry rates (sign dropped); bootstrap 95% percentile interval (1,000 replicates over respondents within pooled periods, seed 12345)",
    "n": 15548,
    "note": "Size of the within-cohort part; the parts sum to the observed fall.",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2020-2024",
    "population": "placed partisans with a known birth cohort",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.59726,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  }
}