{ "alt": "Table with one row per health care question and columns for survey, item, wording, answers, years and the answer counted. It lists the ANES government health insurance scale, two GSS items, four year-specific wordings of the CES item on repealing the Affordable Care Act, two wordings of the Medicare for All item, the ACA mandate item, the Medicare age item and the state health spending item.", "caption": "The ANES names a government insurance plan, the GSS names government help with medical bills or spending on the nation's health, and the CES names policies, and the CES wording of the ACA item changes by year, so levels are not comparable across surveys and no line in this chapter joins two surveys. Each row gives the wording as the survey or its documentation words it.", "data": [ { "answers": "Seven points; haven't thought much is left out", "counted": "Points 1 to 3, the government side", "item": "Government against private health insurance (VCF0806)", "survey": "ANES cumulative file", "wording": "A government insurance plan that would cover all medical and hospital expenses, against medical expenses paid by individuals and private insurance plans; respondents place themselves on a seven-point scale (file label: Government Health Insurance Scale; end points: government insurance plan, private insurance plan).", "years": "1970, 1972, 1976, 1978, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024" }, { "answers": "Five points, 1 government should help to 5 people should help themselves; the midpoint is agree with both", "counted": "Points 1 and 2, the government side", "item": "Government help paying for medical care (helpsick)", "survey": "GSS", "wording": "In general, some people think that it is the responsibility of the government in Washington to see to it that people have help in paying for doctors and hospital bills. Others think that these matters are not the responsibility of the federal government and that people should take care of these things themselves. Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you made up your mind on this?", "years": "1975, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2024" }, { "answers": "Too little, about the right amount, too much", "counted": "Too little", "item": "Spending on the nation's health (natheal)", "survey": "GSS", "wording": "Are we spending too much, too little, or about the right amount on improving and protecting the nation's health?", "years": "1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2024" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Oppose", "item": "Repeal the Affordable Care Act, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Congress considered many important bills over the past few years. For each of the following tell us whether you support or oppose the legislation in principle. Repeal Affordable Care Act. Would repeal the Affordable Care Act.", "years": "2012, 2013, 2015, 2017" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose (in the file, code 1 is the Democratic answer in this year; see the text)", "counted": "Oppose, after the loader recode", "item": "Repeal the Affordable Care Act, 2014", "survey": "CES", "wording": "The Affordable Health Care Act was passed into law in 2010. It does the following: requires Americans to obtain health insurance; prevents insurance companies from denying coverage for pre-existing conditions; allows people to keep current health insurance and care provider; sets up national health insurance option for those without coverage, but allows states the option to implement their own insurance system. Would you vote to repeal the Affordable Care Act if you were in Congress in today?", "years": "2014" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Oppose", "item": "Repeal the Affordable Care Act, 2016", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Congress considers many issues. If you were in Congress would you vote for or against each of the following? Repeal Affordable Care Act. Would repeal the Affordable Care Act of 2009 (also known as Obamacare).", "years": "2016" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Oppose", "item": "Repeal the Affordable Care Act, 2018 to 2021", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Thinking now about health care policy, would you support or oppose each of the following proposals? Repeal the entire Affordable Care Act. (The 2020 and 2021 stems are shortened.)", "years": "2018 to 2021" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Support", "item": "Medicare for All, 2018", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Thinking now about health care policy, would you support or oppose each of the following proposals? Provide Medicare for all Americans.", "years": "2018" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Support", "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Expand Medicare to a single comprehensive public health care coverage program that would cover all Americans. (The 2019 stem is the health care policy stem above.)", "years": "2019 to 2021" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Support", "item": "Restore the ACA mandate", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Restore the Affordable Care Act's mandate that all individuals be required to purchase health insurance.", "years": "2019, 2020, 2021" }, { "answers": "Support, oppose", "counted": "Support", "item": "Lower the Medicare age", "survey": "CES", "wording": "Lower the eligibility age for Medicare from 65 to 50.", "years": "2019, 2020" }, { "answers": "Greatly increase, slightly increase, maintain, slightly decrease, greatly decrease", "counted": "Greatly or slightly increase", "item": "State spending on health care", "survey": "CES", "wording": "State legislatures must make choices when making spending decisions on important state programs. Would you like your legislature to increase or decrease spending on the five areas below? Health Care. (2014 and 2020 use shorter forms.)", "years": "2014, 2016, 2018, 2020" } ], "id": "wording", "notes": [ "The ANES row gives the file label and the end points of the scale; the full question text was not checked in each study. The GSS wording is from the GSS dictionary and the CES wording is quoted from the guide to the Cumulative CES Policy Preferences file, whose item labels are shorter.", "The CES health spending item asks about state legislatures, not the federal government. The ANES seven-point item is coded 1 for the government plan in the cumulative file, and the file leaves out the respondents who were not asked the scale: it reaches only a subsample in 1972, 1984, 2000 and 2008." ], "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1970-2024, General Social Survey dictionary, 1973-2024, and the guide to the Cumulative CES Policy Preferences file, 2012-2021; question wording only, no weights apply", "spec": { "columns": [ { "key": "survey", "label": "Survey" }, { "key": "item", "label": "Item" }, { "key": "wording", "label": "Question wording or file label" }, { "key": "answers", "label": "Answers" }, { "key": "years", "label": "Years used" }, { "key": "counted", "label": "Answer counted" } ] }, "subtitle": "Question wording or file label, answers offered, years used and the answer counted, by survey and item", "title": "Each survey asks about government's role in health care in its own words and on its own scale", "type": "table", "width": "wide" }