{
  "alt": "Line chart with four lines by survey year, Democrats, independents, Republicans and all respondents, with confidence bands, and one view for each question. In the ANES view the Democratic share is {fact:lv_a_d_1970} in 1970, {fact:lv_a_d_2012} in 2012 and {fact:lv_a_d_2024} in 2024, and the Republican share is {fact:lv_a_r_1970}, {fact:lv_a_r_2012} and {fact:lv_a_r_2024}. In the GSS help-pay view the Democratic share goes from {fact:lv_g_d_1975} in 1975 to {fact:lv_g_d_2024} in 2024 and the Republican share from {fact:lv_g_r_1975} to {fact:lv_g_r_2024}. In the spending view the Democratic share is {fact:lv_s_d_2008} in 2008 and {fact:lv_s_d_2024} in 2024 and the Republican share is {fact:lv_s_r_2008} and {fact:lv_s_r_2024}.",
  "caption": "In the ANES view the Republican line is {fact:lv_a_r_1970} in 1970, {fact:lv_a_r_2012} in 2012 and {fact:lv_a_r_2024} in 2024, and the Democratic line is {fact:lv_a_d_1970} in 1970 and {fact:lv_a_d_2024} in 2024. In the GSS help-pay view the Democratic line rises and the Republican line falls. In the spending view the Republican line falls only after 2009. Independents lie between the parties. Bands are 95% confidence intervals and the shaded bands mark the dates of the Clinton plan and the ACA debate and passage. The three questions differ, so only direction and timing are comparable.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 47.8945,
      "conf_low": 42.4482,
      "estimate": 45.1713,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1284,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1970
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.4318,
      "conf_low": 42.5754,
      "estimate": 45.5036,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1112,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.6034,
      "conf_low": 41.8847,
      "estimate": 44.244,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1769,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.4176,
      "conf_low": 42.9221,
      "estimate": 45.1699,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1884,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.1308,
      "conf_low": 34.3743,
      "estimate": 37.7525,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 792,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.6997,
      "conf_low": 40.0103,
      "estimate": 42.355,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1707,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.754,
      "conf_low": 49.5092,
      "estimate": 51.6316,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 2140,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.8235,
      "conf_low": 35.6224,
      "estimate": 38.2229,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1637,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.0723,
      "conf_low": 36.6159,
      "estimate": 39.3441,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1536,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.9236,
      "conf_low": 40.8136,
      "estimate": 44.3686,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 935,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.932,
      "conf_low": 43.4799,
      "estimate": 46.7059,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1112,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.2787,
      "conf_low": 43.7163,
      "estimate": 47.4975,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1044,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.383,
      "conf_low": 33.9828,
      "estimate": 35.6829,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 5471,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.0812,
      "conf_low": 36.35,
      "estimate": 38.2156,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 3765,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.5328,
      "conf_low": 43.473,
      "estimate": 45.0029,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 7352,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.8165,
      "conf_low": 47.6804,
      "estimate": 49.7485,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 4778,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.2188,
      "conf_low": 50.82,
      "estimate": 54.5194,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 697,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1970
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.0752,
      "conf_low": 48.8072,
      "estimate": 52.9412,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 561,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.9493,
      "conf_low": 50.1904,
      "estimate": 53.5698,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 869,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.4532,
      "conf_low": 51.2944,
      "estimate": 54.3738,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1006,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.1983,
      "conf_low": 39.7152,
      "estimate": 44.9568,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 347,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.8113,
      "conf_low": 48.8545,
      "estimate": 52.3329,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 793,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.1117,
      "conf_low": 61.3474,
      "estimate": 64.2296,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1068,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.0928,
      "conf_low": 48.1593,
      "estimate": 52.126,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 754,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.8632,
      "conf_low": 48.1381,
      "estimate": 52.0007,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 806,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.4509,
      "conf_low": 48.4534,
      "estimate": 53.4521,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 480,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.1252,
      "conf_low": 56.9994,
      "estimate": 61.5623,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 536,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.9071,
      "conf_low": 56.017,
      "estimate": 60.9621,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 620,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.8366,
      "conf_low": 52.7583,
      "estimate": 55.2974,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 2849,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.4376,
      "conf_low": 53.7297,
      "estimate": 56.5836,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1704,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.0012,
      "conf_low": 68.8432,
      "estimate": 70.9222,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 3472,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.3386,
      "conf_low": 69.0189,
      "estimate": 71.6787,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 2360,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.4914,
      "conf_low": 36.1629,
      "estimate": 43.8272,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 162,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1970
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.0491,
      "conf_low": 39.8969,
      "estimate": 47.973,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 148,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.1721,
      "conf_low": 40.7357,
      "estimate": 46.9539,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 257,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.2604,
      "conf_low": 40.3867,
      "estimate": 46.3235,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 272,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.3462,
      "conf_low": 40.8286,
      "estimate": 48.0874,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 183,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.5641,
      "conf_low": 47.3039,
      "estimate": 53.434,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 257,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.7356,
      "conf_low": 38.5044,
      "estimate": 47.12,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 161,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.2422,
      "conf_low": 35.0995,
      "estimate": 44.6709,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 129,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.2665,
      "conf_low": 30.9623,
      "estimate": 35.6144,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 696,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.7337,
      "conf_low": 36.9579,
      "estimate": 42.3458,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 458,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.8874,
      "conf_low": 40.1752,
      "estimate": 45.0313,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 755,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.1955,
      "conf_low": 42.673,
      "estimate": 51.4342,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 267,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.5398,
      "conf_low": 25.7012,
      "estimate": 30.1205,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 415,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1970
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.8363,
      "conf_low": 29.5054,
      "estimate": 34.1709,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 398,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.9723,
      "conf_low": 25.6841,
      "estimate": 29.3282,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 625,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.9985,
      "conf_low": 25.6456,
      "estimate": 29.322,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 590,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.933,
      "conf_low": 23.372,
      "estimate": 28.1525,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 341,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.9643,
      "conf_low": 26.2847,
      "estimate": 29.6245,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 719,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.3368,
      "conf_low": 30.7728,
      "estimate": 34.0548,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 805,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.7004,
      "conf_low": 18.125,
      "estimate": 21.4127,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 716,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.6147,
      "conf_low": 17.3291,
      "estimate": 20.9719,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 596,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.3761,
      "conf_low": 23.821,
      "estimate": 29.0986,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 342,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.446,
      "conf_low": 24.3812,
      "estimate": 28.9136,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 455,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.8576,
      "conf_low": 22.8804,
      "estimate": 28.869,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 294,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.3554,
      "conf_low": 11.4466,
      "estimate": 13.401,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1911,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.9896,
      "conf_low": 14.6167,
      "estimate": 16.8032,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 1590,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.6088,
      "conf_low": 15.1639,
      "estimate": 16.8863,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 3105,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.7404,
      "conf_low": 22.3797,
      "estimate": 25.06,
      "instrument": "ANES: government plan",
      "n": 2129,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.775,
      "conf_low": 47.0993,
      "estimate": 49.9371,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1453,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.5698,
      "conf_low": 45.2114,
      "estimate": 48.3906,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1540,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.346,
      "conf_low": 41.8649,
      "estimate": 45.1054,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1409,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.2724,
      "conf_low": 46.5012,
      "estimate": 49.3868,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1427,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.8097,
      "conf_low": 45.0567,
      "estimate": 47.9332,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1774,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.9179,
      "conf_low": 44.9177,
      "estimate": 48.4178,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 972,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.0707,
      "conf_low": 52.2061,
      "estimate": 55.6384,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1010,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.4241,
      "conf_low": 55.0313,
      "estimate": 58.7277,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 871,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.2069,
      "conf_low": 53.3138,
      "estimate": 56.7604,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 993,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.0754,
      "conf_low": 49.2112,
      "estimate": 52.6433,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1026,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.7595,
      "conf_low": 44.7841,
      "estimate": 47.2718,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1945,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.3471,
      "conf_low": 46.284,
      "estimate": 48.8156,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1867,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.5482,
      "conf_low": 46.3845,
      "estimate": 48.9664,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1849,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.0309,
      "conf_low": 47.8865,
      "estimate": 50.4587,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1830,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.1306,
      "conf_low": 47.4612,
      "estimate": 51.2959,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 898,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.0227,
      "conf_low": 50.1265,
      "estimate": 54.0746,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 864,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.9488,
      "conf_low": 49.5642,
      "estimate": 52.2565,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1964,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.1347,
      "conf_low": 50.7656,
      "estimate": 53.9502,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1331,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.3099,
      "conf_low": 42.541,
      "estimate": 45.9254,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1326,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.922,
      "conf_low": 42.1319,
      "estimate": 45.5269,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1297,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.8445,
      "conf_low": 40.2839,
      "estimate": 43.0642,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1640,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.516,
      "conf_low": 47.0177,
      "estimate": 49.7669,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1896,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.419,
      "conf_low": 48.8917,
      "estimate": 52.1553,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1528,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.4171,
      "conf_low": 51.6917,
      "estimate": 54.0544,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 2627,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.9811,
      "conf_low": 52.565,
      "estimate": 55.7731,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 2323,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.0826,
      "conf_low": 50.1103,
      "estimate": 53.0965,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 2138,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.5429,
      "conf_low": 52.9016,
      "estimate": 56.7222,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 795,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.0194,
      "conf_low": 54.3828,
      "estimate": 58.7011,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 826,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.5407,
      "conf_low": 48.4851,
      "estimate": 53.0129,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 729,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.5276,
      "conf_low": 55.5315,
      "estimate": 59.5296,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 716,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.7591,
      "conf_low": 52.0006,
      "estimate": 55.8798,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1009,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.0297,
      "conf_low": 49.9678,
      "estimate": 54.9987,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 473,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.2429,
      "conf_low": 58.2391,
      "estimate": 63.241,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 471,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.6617,
      "conf_low": 59.0811,
      "estimate": 64.3714,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 411,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.4085,
      "conf_low": 57.3572,
      "estimate": 62.3829,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 447,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.1649,
      "conf_low": 56.3144,
      "estimate": 61.2397,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 483,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.4036,
      "conf_low": 56.195,
      "estimate": 59.7993,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 900,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.4246,
      "conf_low": 55.0333,
      "estimate": 58.729,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 861,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.7134,
      "conf_low": 55.1235,
      "estimate": 58.9184,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 847,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.806,
      "conf_low": 59.2377,
      "estimate": 63.0219,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 804,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.031,
      "conf_low": 57.9743,
      "estimate": 63.5026,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 405,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.6991,
      "conf_low": 59.2543,
      "estimate": 64.9767,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 397,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.426,
      "conf_low": 60.5513,
      "estimate": 64.4886,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 839,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.2638,
      "conf_low": 62.6843,
      "estimate": 66.974,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 653,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.5831,
      "conf_low": 55.7069,
      "estimate": 60.645,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 643,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.035,
      "conf_low": 53.4331,
      "estimate": 58.234,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 627,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.1055,
      "conf_low": 53.8952,
      "estimate": 58.0003,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 746,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.8605,
      "conf_low": 65.5209,
      "estimate": 69.1907,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 914,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.5032,
      "conf_low": 65.8933,
      "estimate": 70.1983,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 676,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.9981,
      "conf_low": 71.663,
      "estimate": 74.8306,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 1187,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.6879,
      "conf_low": 70.044,
      "estimate": 74.366,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 939,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.3141,
      "conf_low": 68.6692,
      "estimate": 72.9916,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 826,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.7256,
      "conf_low": 36.503,
      "estimate": 44.1143,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 200,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.6923,
      "conf_low": 34.2035,
      "estimate": 43.4479,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 147,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.1411,
      "conf_low": 37.6832,
      "estimate": 45.9122,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 182,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.1561,
      "conf_low": 37.2857,
      "estimate": 45.7209,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 188,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.389,
      "conf_low": 48.3993,
      "estimate": 57.8942,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 123,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.2289,
      "conf_low": 46.771,
      "estimate": 56.4999,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 128,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.809,
      "conf_low": 37.3792,
      "estimate": 44.5941,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 228,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.4497,
      "conf_low": 47.3049,
      "estimate": 53.8773,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 293,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.0932,
      "conf_low": 44.5654,
      "estimate": 51.3293,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 293,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.8361,
      "conf_low": 46.913,
      "estimate": 52.8746,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 339,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.8155,
      "conf_low": 45.2796,
      "estimate": 54.5476,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 171,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.4435,
      "conf_low": 50.7005,
      "estimate": 56.572,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 430,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.1058,
      "conf_low": 47.8758,
      "estimate": 55.9908,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 207,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.7198,
      "conf_low": 42.5372,
      "estimate": 50.6285,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 230,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.2407,
      "conf_low": 39.9346,
      "estimate": 48.0877,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 233,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.4581,
      "conf_low": 43.8732,
      "estimate": 50.1656,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 335,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.5654,
      "conf_low": 38.1313,
      "estimate": 45.3484,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 306,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.1675,
      "conf_low": 41.4519,
      "estimate": 49.3097,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 254,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.786,
      "conf_low": 43.5527,
      "estimate": 48.6693,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 531,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.5527,
      "conf_low": 53.5106,
      "estimate": 60.0316,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 534,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.599,
      "conf_low": 49.7254,
      "estimate": 55.6622,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 537,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.5988,
      "conf_low": 34.6167,
      "estimate": 39.6077,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 441,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.6078,
      "conf_low": 26.8157,
      "estimate": 31.7117,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 522,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.0876,
      "conf_low": 30.4357,
      "estimate": 35.7617,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 506,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.7421,
      "conf_low": 33.5073,
      "estimate": 38.1247,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 517,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.8309,
      "conf_low": 34.3341,
      "estimate": 39.0825,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 556,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.6569,
      "conf_low": 37.6679,
      "estimate": 43.1624,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 384,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.2129,
      "conf_low": 41.4491,
      "estimate": 46.831,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 401,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.2598,
      "conf_low": 45.7273,
      "estimate": 51.4936,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 360,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.559,
      "conf_low": 42.9961,
      "estimate": 48.2775,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 419,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.6373,
      "conf_low": 35.9054,
      "estimate": 41.2714,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 399,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.5432,
      "conf_low": 29.0613,
      "estimate": 32.8023,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 754,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.8774,
      "conf_low": 31.0187,
      "estimate": 34.9481,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 678,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.1292,
      "conf_low": 33.0694,
      "estimate": 37.0993,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 661,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.9623,
      "conf_low": 29.8066,
      "estimate": 33.8844,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 641,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.9973,
      "conf_low": 26.9151,
      "estimate": 32.9562,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 300,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.584,
      "conf_low": 36.2722,
      "estimate": 42.4281,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 330,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.5972,
      "conf_low": 30.9114,
      "estimate": 35.2543,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 659,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.1553,
      "conf_low": 29.5515,
      "estimate": 34.8534,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 440,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.7505,
      "conf_low": 16.3099,
      "estimate": 21.0302,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 417,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.954,
      "conf_low": 20.9942,
      "estimate": 26.4741,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 390,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.3507,
      "conf_low": 15.4445,
      "estimate": 19.3976,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 509,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.6716,
      "conf_low": 21.5375,
      "estimate": 25.6045,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 606,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.1082,
      "conf_low": 28.2327,
      "estimate": 33.6704,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 527,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.1471,
      "conf_low": 24.6825,
      "estimate": 28.4148,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 818,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.4231,
      "conf_low": 30.4896,
      "estimate": 35.9563,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 764,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.1934,
      "conf_low": 25.7582,
      "estimate": 30.4758,
      "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay",
      "n": 712,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.4088,
      "conf_low": 59.9639,
      "estimate": 62.6863,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1445,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1973
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.9999,
      "conf_low": 63.6083,
      "estimate": 66.3041,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1426,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.1241,
      "conf_low": 62.677,
      "estimate": 65.4005,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1425,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.8852,
      "conf_low": 60.3755,
      "estimate": 63.1303,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1441,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.0391,
      "conf_low": 55.4057,
      "estimate": 58.2224,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1454,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.7051,
      "conf_low": 54.3008,
      "estimate": 57.5029,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1471,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.9536,
      "conf_low": 54.6214,
      "estimate": 57.7875,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1407,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.7605,
      "conf_low": 56.8175,
      "estimate": 59.789,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1761,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.0363,
      "conf_low": 56.7246,
      "estimate": 59.8804,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1531,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.1052,
      "conf_low": 54.7157,
      "estimate": 59.9104,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 465,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.7424,
      "conf_low": 60.0589,
      "estimate": 64.4006,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 727,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1985
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.9765,
      "conf_low": 55.9312,
      "estimate": 59.9538,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 702,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.4187,
      "conf_low": 66.3814,
      "estimate": 70.9,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 589,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.2009,
      "conf_low": 65.4987,
      "estimate": 69.3498,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 692,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.6997,
      "conf_low": 66.2319,
      "estimate": 69.9658,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 738,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.0184,
      "conf_low": 69.3785,
      "estimate": 73.1985,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 653,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.6222,
      "conf_low": 67.2034,
      "estimate": 70.9128,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 729,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.5002,
      "conf_low": 71.4624,
      "estimate": 74.9813,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 768,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.6469,
      "conf_low": 64.1268,
      "estimate": 66.8868,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1440,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.2114,
      "conf_low": 64.715,
      "estimate": 67.4632,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1394,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.5979,
      "conf_low": 64.9232,
      "estimate": 67.7605,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1345,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.4732,
      "conf_low": 69.1105,
      "estimate": 71.7919,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1379,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.6405,
      "conf_low": 70.054,
      "estimate": 72.8473,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1336,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.5109,
      "conf_low": 75.3006,
      "estimate": 77.9057,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1382,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.2361,
      "conf_low": 70.6739,
      "estimate": 73.455,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1451,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.6741,
      "conf_low": 73.4034,
      "estimate": 76.5387,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 973,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.4114,
      "conf_low": 54.9059,
      "estimate": 58.6586,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 988,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.5671,
      "conf_low": 55.8167,
      "estimate": 59.6919,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 969,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.7489,
      "conf_low": 54.3402,
      "estimate": 57.5446,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1240,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.0847,
      "conf_low": 59.8809,
      "estimate": 62.9828,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1405,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.0601,
      "conf_low": 67.2901,
      "estimate": 70.6751,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1156,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.5918,
      "conf_low": 63.3962,
      "estimate": 65.994,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1966,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.8475,
      "conf_low": 64.7887,
      "estimate": 68.3181,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1747,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.7481,
      "conf_low": 70.7937,
      "estimate": 73.7709,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1645,
      "party": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.6771,
      "conf_low": 63.4448,
      "estimate": 67.061,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 771,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1973
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.6539,
      "conf_low": 64.5232,
      "estimate": 68.0886,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 795,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.0983,
      "conf_low": 65.9983,
      "estimate": 69.5483,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 794,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.8952,
      "conf_low": 63.7104,
      "estimate": 67.3028,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 805,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.6413,
      "conf_low": 59.3148,
      "estimate": 62.9781,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 840,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.7652,
      "conf_low": 59.2559,
      "estimate": 63.5105,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 776,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.4753,
      "conf_low": 61.9985,
      "estimate": 66.2369,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 731,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.0312,
      "conf_low": 60.3394,
      "estimate": 64.1853,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 1060,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.5027,
      "conf_low": 63.1133,
      "estimate": 67.308,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 820,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.5072,
      "conf_low": 61.9105,
      "estimate": 68.7089,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 243,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.4302,
      "conf_low": 63.0289,
      "estimate": 69.2295,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 340,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1985
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.3114,
      "conf_low": 59.4019,
      "estimate": 64.8566,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 363,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.1674,
      "conf_low": 70.0218,
      "estimate": 75.5946,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 340,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.5161,
      "conf_low": 66.7719,
      "estimate": 72.144,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 339,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.261,
      "conf_low": 67.3745,
      "estimate": 72.8178,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 345,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 82.3476,
      "conf_low": 71.4691,
      "estimate": 76.9084,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 288,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 82.1046,
      "conf_low": 71.7514,
      "estimate": 76.928,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 325,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 86.4363,
      "conf_low": 77.2854,
      "estimate": 81.8609,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 357,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.1156,
      "conf_low": 74.2052,
      "estimate": 77.6604,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 705,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.726,
      "conf_low": 72.2137,
      "estimate": 75.9698,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 628,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.6418,
      "conf_low": 70.8251,
      "estimate": 74.7334,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 607,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.1146,
      "conf_low": 73.5955,
      "estimate": 77.355,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 612,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.0807,
      "conf_low": 76.1952,
      "estimate": 80.138,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 570,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.7396,
      "conf_low": 80.788,
      "estimate": 84.2638,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 613,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 85.1056,
      "conf_low": 77.6531,
      "estimate": 81.3794,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 654,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.3434,
      "conf_low": 79.5019,
      "estimate": 83.4227,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 479,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.014,
      "conf_low": 64.7252,
      "estimate": 69.8696,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 458,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.1133,
      "conf_low": 63.7097,
      "estimate": 68.9115,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 476,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.2431,
      "conf_low": 63.4455,
      "estimate": 67.8443,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 581,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.3752,
      "conf_low": 65.9467,
      "estimate": 70.1609,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 663,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.6466,
      "conf_low": 79.5321,
      "estimate": 83.5894,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 498,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.2367,
      "conf_low": 81.0715,
      "estimate": 84.1541,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 868,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 85.0069,
      "conf_low": 75.8132,
      "estimate": 80.41,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 719,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.3608,
      "conf_low": 75.175,
      "estimate": 79.7679,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 622,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.67,
      "conf_low": 54.036,
      "estimate": 62.853,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 139,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1973
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.5249,
      "conf_low": 59.1345,
      "estimate": 67.8297,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 138,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.9798,
      "conf_low": 60.2278,
      "estimate": 67.6038,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 186,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.1425,
      "conf_low": 54.0533,
      "estimate": 61.0979,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 228,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.6283,
      "conf_low": 47.7166,
      "estimate": 56.1725,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 161,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.0924,
      "conf_low": 54.1773,
      "estimate": 62.6348,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 210,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.3462,
      "conf_low": 49.1085,
      "estimate": 57.2274,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 232,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.8712,
      "conf_low": 56.6529,
      "estimate": 64.7621,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 204,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.551,
      "conf_low": 62.5508,
      "estimate": 70.5509,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 168,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.3816,
      "conf_low": 71.576,
      "estimate": 77.9788,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 215,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.9389,
      "conf_low": 60.023,
      "estimate": 66.981,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 236,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.6032,
      "conf_low": 68.8703,
      "estimate": 74.7367,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 283,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.5699,
      "conf_low": 69.0659,
      "estimate": 75.3179,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 255,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 86.8532,
      "conf_low": 74.5597,
      "estimate": 80.7065,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 211,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.0819,
      "conf_low": 67.3362,
      "estimate": 73.7091,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 289,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 83.0034,
      "conf_low": 67.2856,
      "estimate": 75.1445,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 162,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.6365,
      "conf_low": 56.7374,
      "estimate": 65.687,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 168,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.1411,
      "conf_low": 51.0568,
      "estimate": 60.099,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 187,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.989,
      "conf_low": 52.0776,
      "estimate": 59.5333,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 230,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.7468,
      "conf_low": 51.9271,
      "estimate": 60.3369,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 230,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.5975,
      "conf_low": 59.5131,
      "estimate": 67.5553,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 213,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.4095,
      "conf_low": 56.8873,
      "estimate": 62.6484,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 411,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.16,
      "conf_low": 65.7585,
      "estimate": 72.4593,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 421,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.0062,
      "conf_low": 73.2205,
      "estimate": 78.6134,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 429,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.5042,
      "conf_low": 48.758,
      "estimate": 53.6311,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 471,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1973
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.2987,
      "conf_low": 56.1566,
      "estimate": 61.2277,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 417,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.2303,
      "conf_low": 52.0095,
      "estimate": 57.1199,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 431,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.0312,
      "conf_low": 50.3395,
      "estimate": 55.6853,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 400,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.0698,
      "conf_low": 43.8095,
      "estimate": 48.9396,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 437,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.7543,
      "conf_low": 39.2864,
      "estimate": 45.0203,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 471,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.8191,
      "conf_low": 38.7693,
      "estimate": 44.2942,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 433,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.6392,
      "conf_low": 44.4842,
      "estimate": 50.0617,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 478,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.8492,
      "conf_low": 43.364,
      "estimate": 48.6066,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 525,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.7437,
      "conf_low": 36.7514,
      "estimate": 45.7476,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 161,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.2111,
      "conf_low": 51.4216,
      "estimate": 58.3163,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 299,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1985
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.0515,
      "conf_low": 43.3926,
      "estimate": 50.2221,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 251,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.6186,
      "conf_low": 52.1186,
      "estimate": 60.3686,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 177,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.9168,
      "conf_low": 58.9372,
      "estimate": 65.427,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 259,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.2784,
      "conf_low": 56.0481,
      "estimate": 62.1633,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 294,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 75.9131,
      "conf_low": 63.899,
      "estimate": 69.906,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 284,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.9478,
      "conf_low": 59.008,
      "estimate": 64.9779,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 306,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.7041,
      "conf_low": 58.5066,
      "estimate": 64.6054,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 305,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.7635,
      "conf_low": 48.1004,
      "estimate": 52.932,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 529,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.4252,
      "conf_low": 50.1051,
      "estimate": 54.7652,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 525,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 65.467,
      "conf_low": 55.7524,
      "estimate": 60.6097,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 468,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.4667,
      "conf_low": 57.6374,
      "estimate": 62.552,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 456,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.8714,
      "conf_low": 59.0847,
      "estimate": 63.9781,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 472,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.5766,
      "conf_low": 65.3139,
      "estimate": 69.9452,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 537,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 68.6266,
      "conf_low": 58.4789,
      "estimate": 63.5528,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 476,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.8617,
      "conf_low": 61.5304,
      "estimate": 67.696,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 308,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.0416,
      "conf_low": 34.3389,
      "estimate": 40.6902,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 334,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.092,
      "conf_low": 36.5272,
      "estimate": 43.8096,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 276,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.8816,
      "conf_low": 36.4119,
      "estimate": 42.1467,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 384,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.1525,
      "conf_low": 49.3547,
      "estimate": 54.7536,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 466,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.4927,
      "conf_low": 53.7978,
      "estimate": 60.1452,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 400,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.2689,
      "conf_low": 37.7152,
      "estimate": 42.492,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 599,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.7692,
      "conf_low": 43.3853,
      "estimate": 50.5773,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 529,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.9555,
      "conf_low": 58.9074,
      "estimate": 64.4315,
      "instrument": "GSS: spending too little",
      "n": 533,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "share_by_party",
  "notes": [
    "An independent cell is drawn only where it has at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100, so some independent points are missing, in the ANES view in 1984, 2000, 2004 and 2008.",
    "The ANES counts points 1 to 3 of the seven-point scale, the GSS help-pay view counts points 1 and 2 of the five-point scale, and the GSS spending view counts the answer too little. The ANES scale was asked of a subsample in 1972, 1984, 2000 and 2008, and the midpoint of the scale stays in the denominator."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1970-2024, and General Social Survey, 1973-2024; weighted (weight, VCF0009z; weight_use)",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "Clinton plan",
        "type": "band",
        "x1": 1993,
        "x2": 1994
      },
      {
        "label": "ACA debate and passage",
        "type": "band",
        "x1": 2009,
        "x2": 2010
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "All respondents": "total",
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "dashed": [
      "All respondents"
    ],
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "party",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1969,
      2025
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "yLabel": "Share on the government side (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share on the government side (ANES, GSS help-pay) or saying we spend too little (GSS spending), by party identification; leaners are in the parties and independents lean toward neither; all respondents dashed; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "instrument",
        "label": "Survey and answer"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "In the ANES and the GSS help-pay question the Republican share on the government side was lower and the Democratic share higher from 2010 on than before 1993",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "ANES: government plan"
      },
      "id": "anes",
      "label": "ANES: government plan"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "GSS: government should help pay"
      },
      "id": "gss_help",
      "label": "GSS: government should help pay"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "instrument": "GSS: spending too little"
      },
      "id": "gss_spend",
      "label": "GSS: spending too little"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}