{
  "alt": "Five small line charts, one per CES health item, of the share supporting the proposal by year for Democrats, independents and Republicans, with confidence bands. In every panel and year the Democratic share is above the independent share and the independent share is above the Republican share. The Medicare for All gap is {fact:cg_mfa_2018} points in 2018 and {fact:cg_mfa_2021} in 2021, the ACA mandate gap is {fact:cg_mandate_2019} in 2019 and {fact:cg_mandate_2021} in 2021, the Medicare age gap is {fact:cg_age_2019} in 2019 and {fact:cg_age_2020} in 2020, and the state spending gap is {fact:cg_spend_2014} in 2014 and {fact:cg_spend_2020} in 2020.",
  "caption": "In every panel and year the Democratic line lies above the independent line and the independent line above the Republican line. The gaps are {fact:cg_mfa_2018} points on Medicare for All in 2018, {fact:cg_mandate_2020} on restoring the ACA mandate in 2020, {fact:cg_age_2020} on lowering the Medicare age in 2020 and {fact:cg_spend_2020} on state health spending in 2020. The Medicare for All wording changes between 2018 and 2019, so the 2018 point stands alone. Bands are 95% confidence intervals that rest on a model.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 92.2857,
      "conf_low": 91.3139,
      "estimate": 91.7998,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2018 wording",
      "n": 27585,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.9878,
      "conf_low": 69.8437,
      "estimate": 71.4158,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2018 wording",
      "n": 8520,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.4722,
      "conf_low": 38.6583,
      "estimate": 39.5653,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2018 wording",
      "n": 21684,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.4154,
      "conf_low": 76.9939,
      "estimate": 78.2046,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 8226,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 88.173,
      "conf_low": 87.0536,
      "estimate": 87.6133,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 29313,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 89.185,
      "conf_low": 87.6493,
      "estimate": 88.4171,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.6507,
      "conf_low": 55.0813,
      "estimate": 57.866,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 2633,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.3014,
      "conf_low": 63.1116,
      "estimate": 64.7065,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 8850,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.2536,
      "conf_low": 62.39,
      "estimate": 64.3218,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.2926,
      "conf_low": 23.6643,
      "estimate": 24.9785,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 6425,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.641,
      "conf_low": 28.9603,
      "estimate": 29.8006,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 20379,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.74,
      "conf_low": 29.2766,
      "estimate": 30.5083,
      "item": "Medicare for All, 2019 to 2021 wording",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.0202,
      "conf_low": 57.1257,
      "estimate": 58.5729,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 8220,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.5611,
      "conf_low": 60.9091,
      "estimate": 61.7351,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 29301,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.3163,
      "conf_low": 57.9572,
      "estimate": 59.1368,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 12445,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.8573,
      "conf_low": 26.7226,
      "estimate": 29.2899,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 2636,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.7349,
      "conf_low": 30.6165,
      "estimate": 32.1757,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 8848,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.3424,
      "conf_low": 26.7008,
      "estimate": 28.5216,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 4352,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 17.5799,
      "conf_low": 15.3313,
      "estimate": 16.4556,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 6430,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.777,
      "conf_low": 17.3634,
      "estimate": 18.0702,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 20381,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.688,
      "conf_low": 16.6475,
      "estimate": 17.6677,
      "item": "Restore the ACA mandate",
      "n": 8139,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.6354,
      "conf_low": 71.0081,
      "estimate": 72.3218,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 8228,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.7091,
      "conf_low": 76.2786,
      "estimate": 76.9939,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 29301,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 62.5463,
      "conf_low": 57.0267,
      "estimate": 59.7865,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 2640,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 64.1298,
      "conf_low": 60.8976,
      "estimate": 62.5137,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 8846,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.4571,
      "conf_low": 33.5628,
      "estimate": 35.01,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 6431,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.8701,
      "conf_low": 36.0957,
      "estimate": 36.9829,
      "item": "Lower the Medicare age to 50",
      "n": 20373,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.2972,
      "conf_low": 68.4395,
      "estimate": 69.3683,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 22144,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.8572,
      "conf_low": 71.2735,
      "estimate": 72.0654,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 24870,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.2725,
      "conf_low": 86.0323,
      "estimate": 86.6524,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 24096,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.6879,
      "conf_low": 86.5056,
      "estimate": 87.0967,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 25216,
      "party": "Democrats",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.8752,
      "conf_low": 39.3004,
      "estimate": 41.0878,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 7468,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.6481,
      "conf_low": 42.6153,
      "estimate": 44.1317,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 8435,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 63.3382,
      "conf_low": 59.7342,
      "estimate": 61.5362,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 7010,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.984,
      "conf_low": 56.5131,
      "estimate": 58.2485,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 7243,
      "party": "Independents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 24.9121,
      "conf_low": 23.0431,
      "estimate": 23.9776,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 16935,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.429,
      "conf_low": 30.643,
      "estimate": 31.536,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 17935,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.2623,
      "conf_low": 40.4157,
      "estimate": 41.339,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 19308,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.0314,
      "conf_low": 37.1962,
      "estimate": 38.1138,
      "item": "Increase state health spending",
      "n": 17942,
      "party": "Republicans",
      "year": 2020
    }
  ],
  "id": "ces_items",
  "notes": [
    "The 2018 Medicare for All question reads provide Medicare for all Americans and the 2019 to 2021 questions read expand Medicare to a single comprehensive public health care coverage program, so the 2018 point is not joined to the later line. The spending item asks about state legislatures and was asked in even years only.",
    "Each party cell needs at least 100 respondents and an effective sample of at least 100. The CES is an opt-in panel, so the intervals rest on a model. The ACA repeal item is in its own figure."
  ],
  "source": "Cooperative Election Study cumulative policy preferences, 2012-2021; weighted (single-wave weight), opt-in panel",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Democrats": "dem",
      "Independents": "ind",
      "Republicans": "rep"
    },
    "facet": "item",
    "facetColumns": 3,
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "party",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      2013,
      2022
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "xTicks": [
      2014,
      2016,
      2018,
      2020
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "yLabel": "Share supporting (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share supporting each CES health proposal, by party identification including leaners, 2014 to 2021; 95% intervals from an opt-in panel",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "item",
        "label": "Item"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Democrats gave the Democratic-side answer more often than Republicans on every other CES health item, with independents between them",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "full"
}