{
  "alt": "A dot chart with one row for each item asked in both modes, and four dots per row for in-person interviews of 2010-2014, 2016-2018 and 2022-2024 and web interviews of 2022-2024. On the discrimination row the in-person dots rise across the three periods and the web dot is at about the level of the 2016-2018 dot. On the will-power row the web dot is far to the left of the in-person dots.",
  "caption": "On the discrimination row the in-person dot rises from 2016-2018 to 2022-2024 and the web dot is within sampling error of the 2016-2018 dot. Web respondents gave the answer less often than in-person respondents on {fact:n_mode_neg_sign} rows by sign ({fact:n_mode_neg} with an interval that excludes zero) and more often on {fact:n_mode_pos_sign} ({fact:n_mode_pos}). Each dot is a weighted share among white respondents; rows are the items asked in both modes with cells above the effective sample floor.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 81.5,
      "conf_low": 78,
      "estimate": 79.8,
      "item": "Principle: accepts a relative's marriage",
      "n": 2860,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.2,
      "conf_low": 83.5,
      "estimate": 85.3,
      "item": "Principle: accepts a relative's marriage",
      "n": 2268,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 93.6,
      "conf_low": 88.8,
      "estimate": 91.2,
      "item": "Principle: accepts a relative's marriage",
      "n": 1169,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 96,
      "conf_low": 92.8,
      "estimate": 94.4,
      "item": "Principle: accepts a relative's marriage",
      "n": 1700,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.6,
      "conf_low": 29.5,
      "estimate": 31.5,
      "item": "Explanation: discrimination",
      "n": 2781,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.8,
      "conf_low": 37.7,
      "estimate": 40.3,
      "item": "Explanation: discrimination",
      "n": 2199,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.5,
      "conf_low": 46.1,
      "estimate": 52.3,
      "item": "Explanation: discrimination",
      "n": 548,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.6,
      "conf_low": 37.1,
      "estimate": 42.3,
      "item": "Explanation: discrimination",
      "n": 804,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.5,
      "conf_low": 7.1,
      "estimate": 8.3,
      "item": "Explanation: inborn ability",
      "n": 2828,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.3,
      "conf_low": 5.6,
      "estimate": 7,
      "item": "Explanation: inborn ability",
      "n": 2241,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.8,
      "conf_low": 5,
      "estimate": 8.4,
      "item": "Explanation: inborn ability",
      "n": 566,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.1,
      "conf_low": 0.8,
      "estimate": 2.5,
      "item": "Explanation: inborn ability",
      "n": 806,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.8,
      "conf_low": 40.5,
      "estimate": 42.7,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of chance for education",
      "n": 2813,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.7,
      "conf_low": 48.5,
      "estimate": 51.1,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of chance for education",
      "n": 2227,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.3,
      "conf_low": 41.9,
      "estimate": 48.1,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of chance for education",
      "n": 553,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.3,
      "conf_low": 43.7,
      "estimate": 49,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of chance for education",
      "n": 807,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.4,
      "conf_low": 46,
      "estimate": 48.2,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of will power",
      "n": 2760,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.1,
      "conf_low": 36.9,
      "estimate": 39.5,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of will power",
      "n": 2189,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.1,
      "conf_low": 26.7,
      "estimate": 32.4,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of will power",
      "n": 544,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.4,
      "conf_low": 19.4,
      "estimate": 23.9,
      "item": "Explanation: lack of will power",
      "n": 803,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.6,
      "conf_low": 10.7,
      "estimate": 12.2,
      "item": "Policy: help end of the government-help scale",
      "n": 2762,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.6,
      "conf_low": 19.4,
      "estimate": 21.5,
      "item": "Policy: help end of the government-help scale",
      "n": 2256,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.3,
      "conf_low": 21.5,
      "estimate": 25.4,
      "item": "Policy: help end of the government-help scale",
      "n": 1082,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.2,
      "conf_low": 20.5,
      "estimate": 23.3,
      "item": "Policy: help end of the government-help scale",
      "n": 1726,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.3,
      "conf_low": 24.5,
      "estimate": 26.9,
      "item": "Policy: too little spending",
      "n": 1855,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.5,
      "conf_low": 44.3,
      "estimate": 47.4,
      "item": "Policy: too little spending",
      "n": 1557,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 51.7,
      "conf_low": 40.5,
      "estimate": 46.1,
      "item": "Policy: too little spending",
      "n": 752,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.8,
      "conf_low": 35.2,
      "estimate": 39,
      "item": "Policy: too little spending",
      "n": 1313,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.3,
      "conf_low": 12.2,
      "estimate": 13.7,
      "item": "Policy: preferential hiring",
      "n": 2755,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22,
      "conf_low": 17.8,
      "estimate": 19.9,
      "item": "Policy: preferential hiring",
      "n": 2144,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.9,
      "conf_low": 22.1,
      "estimate": 26,
      "item": "Policy: preferential hiring",
      "n": 1048,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.5,
      "conf_low": 16.8,
      "estimate": 19.6,
      "item": "Policy: preferential hiring",
      "n": 1672,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.3,
      "conf_low": 10.4,
      "estimate": 11.8,
      "item": "Policy: rejects the special-favors view",
      "n": 2870,
      "series": "In person, 2010-2014"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.9,
      "conf_low": 18.7,
      "estimate": 20.8,
      "item": "Policy: rejects the special-favors view",
      "n": 2257,
      "series": "In person, 2016-2018"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.3,
      "conf_low": 22.8,
      "estimate": 26.6,
      "item": "Policy: rejects the special-favors view",
      "n": 1148,
      "series": "In person, 2022-2024"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.9,
      "conf_low": 24.6,
      "estimate": 27.8,
      "item": "Policy: rejects the special-favors view",
      "n": 1697,
      "series": "Web, 2022-2024"
    }
  ],
  "id": "mode_gap",
  "notes": [
    "The open-housing item is not shown because it was not asked of web respondents. The telephone and other-mode interviews are left out of both modes. Intervals assume a simple random sample of the weighted respondents (the Kish effective sample size); they do not use the survey's sampling design."
  ],
  "source": "General Social Survey, 1972-2024; weighted (weight_use); white respondents (race code white, Hispanic whites included); 95% intervals on the Kish effective sample size",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "In person, 2010-2014": "cat1",
      "In person, 2016-2018": "cat2",
      "In person, 2022-2024": "cat3",
      "Web, 2022-2024": "cat4"
    },
    "group": "series",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1,
      "suffix": "%"
    },
    "xLabel": "Share giving the answer (%)",
    "y": "item"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) giving the answer named in each row, percent, in-person interviews of 2010-2014, 2016-2018 and 2022-2024 and web interviews of 2022-2024, 95% intervals",
  "title": "The post-2018 level depends on interview mode: in 2022 and 2024 web respondents gave the answer less often than in-person respondents on {fact:n_mode_neg_sign} of {fact:n_mode_items} items",
  "type": "dot"
}