{
  "boot_reps": {
    "display": "1,000",
    "estimand": "number of seeded bootstrap replicates behind each step date",
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "each group and item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "bootstrap replicates",
    "value": 1000,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "ces_2008": {
    "ci": [
      24.8,
      26.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.5",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 19797,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of opposition to affirmative action",
    "value": 25.4648,
    "weights": "weight (single wave)"
  },
  "ces_2012": {
    "ci": [
      24.2,
      25.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24.9",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 30271,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of opposition to affirmative action",
    "value": 24.8831,
    "weights": "weight (single wave)"
  },
  "ces_ch": {
    "ci": [
      -1.6,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.6",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 50068,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of opposition to affirmative action",
    "value": -0.581718,
    "weights": "weight (single wave)"
  },
  "ch_0408": {
    "ci": [
      -0.4,
      9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 1383,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004 to 2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 4.28853,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ch_0812": {
    "ci": [
      -2.4,
      4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.1",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 3323,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 1.09163,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ch_0812_hi": {
    "display": "4.6",
    "estimand": "upper end of the 95% interval for the change in the weighted linear probability slope (racial resentment index)",
    "n": 3323,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 4.56479,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ch_1216": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      10.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.2",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 4483,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 8.15585,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ch_8804": {
    "ci": [
      2.9,
      12.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 1553,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988 to 2004",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 7.69126,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ch_ftf_0812": {
    "ci": [
      -5,
      4.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 1391,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": -0.259392,
    "weights": "mode weights"
  },
  "ch_ftf_1216": {
    "ci": [
      3.9,
      13.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (party not held fixed)",
    "n": 1132,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 8.65502,
    "weights": "mode weights"
  },
  "dem_disc_2014": {
    "ci": [
      39.6,
      50.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 471,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 44.8794,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_disc_2016": {
    "ci": [
      49.6,
      59.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 541,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 54.6179,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_disc_2018": {
    "ci": [
      55.5,
      67.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "61.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 392,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 61.5652,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_disc_2021": {
    "ci": [
      78.1,
      84.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "81.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 858,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 81.4587,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_disc_2024": {
    "ci": [
      65.6,
      81
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "73.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 237,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 73.3119,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_help_2014": {
    "ci": [
      14.9,
      23.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 471,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 19.0014,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_help_2016": {
    "ci": [
      32.8,
      42.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 584,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 37.5469,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_help_ip2224": {
    "ci": [
      38.3,
      53.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "45.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who said government should help improve Black people's living standards",
    "n": 349,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled, in person interviews",
    "population": "white Democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 45.8556,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "dem_help_web2224": {
    "ci": [
      46.7,
      57.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who said government should help improve Black people's living standards",
    "n": 630,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled, web interviews",
    "population": "white Democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 52.3128,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "disc_1977": {
    "ci": [
      39,
      45
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "42.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (discrimination)",
    "n": 1273,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1977",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 42.0123,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "disc_2004": {
    "ci": [
      24.9,
      32.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (discrimination)",
    "n": 694,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 28.8126,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "disc_2014": {
    "ci": [
      27,
      33
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "30.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (discrimination)",
    "n": 1215,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 29.9688,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "disc_2016": {
    "ci": [
      34,
      40.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (discrimination)",
    "n": 1332,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 37.0918,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "disc_2018": {
    "ci": [
      37.4,
      45.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "41.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (discrimination)",
    "n": 1076,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 41.2281,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "fix16_dem_disc": {
    "ci": [
      14.1,
      23.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+18.5",
    "estimand": "size of the step at the 2016 survey in the weighted share (discrimination)",
    "n": 3818,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018, step at the 2016 survey",
    "population": "white democrats (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 18.5197,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "fix16_rep_disc": {
    "ci": [
      -3.3,
      4.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.4",
    "estimand": "size of the step at the 2016 survey in the weighted share (discrimination)",
    "n": 3933,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018, step at the 2016 survey",
    "population": "white republicans (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.421819,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "fix_2012": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.1",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party held fixed)",
    "n": 2535,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 7.14098,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "fix_2016": {
    "ci": [
      11.2,
      15.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.4",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party held fixed)",
    "n": 1941,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 13.4092,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "fxgapch_0408": {
    "ci": [
      2.5,
      28.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+15.7",
    "estimand": "change in the gap in the Republican share between the groups above the upper and at or below the lower fixed index cut",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004 to 2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 15.6515,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "fxgapch_0812": {
    "ci": [
      -9.2,
      10.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.5",
    "estimand": "change in the gap in the Republican share between the groups above the upper and at or below the lower fixed index cut",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.533333,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "fxgapch_1216": {
    "ci": [
      2.8,
      16.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+9.7",
    "estimand": "change in the gap in the Republican share between the groups above the upper and at or below the lower fixed index cut",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.7142,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "gap_spend": {
    "ci": [
      -13.9,
      -0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.1",
    "estimand": "web minus in-person difference in the weighted share who said too little is spent on improving conditions of Black people",
    "n": 2065,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.09688,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "help_2014": {
    "ci": [
      9.2,
      13.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: 1 or 2 on a five-point scale from government should help (1) to no special treatment (5) (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 1216,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 11.1969,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "help_2016": {
    "ci": [
      18.8,
      24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: 1 or 2 on a five-point scale from government should help (1) to no special treatment (5) (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 1382,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 21.389,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "hisp_white": {
    "ci": [
      10.8,
      12.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who report Hispanic origin",
    "n": 15012,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2024",
    "population": "white GSS respondents who answered the Hispanic-origin question",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of white respondents who are Hispanic",
    "value": 11.4467,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "ingroup_1964": {
    "ci": [
      24.7,
      27.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.1",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the respondent's own difference in ratings",
    "n": 1366,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964",
    "population": "white respondents who rated both groups",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer (rating of white Americans minus rating of Black Americans)",
    "value": 26.0827,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ingroup_2024": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the respondent's own difference in ratings",
    "n": 3269,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white respondents who rated both groups",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer (rating of white Americans minus rating of Black Americans)",
    "value": 0.66139,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "ipchg_aff": {
    "ci": [
      1.7,
      10.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.2",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (favors preference in hiring and promoting black people) among in-person respondents",
    "n": 3192,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2018 to 2022-2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.15422,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "ipchg_disc": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      18.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+12.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination) among in-person respondents",
    "n": 2747,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2018 to 2022-2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 11.9827,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "ipchg_spend": {
    "ci": [
      -7.7,
      5.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people) among in-person respondents",
    "n": 2309,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2018 to 2022-2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.29983,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "ipchg_will": {
    "ci": [
      -13.4,
      -0.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.1",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power) among in-person respondents",
    "n": 2733,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2018 to 2022-2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.09416,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "kink_disc": {
    "ci": [
      2012,
      2015.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2014.0",
    "estimand": "year at which the fitted trend turns from constant to linear (discrimination)",
    "n": 9719,
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "survey year of the kink",
    "value": 2014,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "kink_ub_max": {
    "display": "2015.5",
    "estimand": "latest upper end of the bootstrap interval for the kink year across the six items",
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person, six dated items",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "survey year of the kink",
    "value": 2015.5,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "kink_will": {
    "ci": [
      2008,
      2014.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2011.4",
    "estimand": "year at which the fitted trend turns from constant to linear (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "n": 9620,
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "survey year of the kink",
    "value": 2011.45,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "lv_high_2008": {
    "ci": [
      73.9,
      84.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "79.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 323,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the most resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 79.3771,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lv_high_2012": {
    "ci": [
      75.3,
      82.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "78.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the most resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 78.7081,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lv_high_2016": {
    "ci": [
      86.3,
      91.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "89.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 702,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the most resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 89.1143,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lv_low_2008": {
    "ci": [
      22.9,
      34.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 302,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the least resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 28.7933,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lv_low_2012": {
    "ci": [
      23.3,
      30.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 962,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the least resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 26.9561,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lv_low_2016": {
    "ci": [
      13.7,
      20.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 672,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters in the least resentful third of the resentment index",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 17.0821,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lvgapch_0812": {
    "ci": [
      -8.3,
      10.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.2",
    "estimand": "change in the gap in the Republican share between the most and least resentful thirds",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.16825,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "lvgapch_1216": {
    "ci": [
      13.6,
      27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+20.3",
    "estimand": "change in the gap in the Republican share between the most and least resentful thirds",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 20.2802,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "marry_1972": {
    "ci": [
      59.7,
      65.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "62.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: no (no law against black-white marriage)",
    "n": 1306,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 62.5629,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "marry_2002": {
    "ci": [
      84.9,
      90.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "87.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: no (no law against black-white marriage)",
    "n": 742,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2002",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 87.6437,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "mode_gap_max": {
    "display": "9.9",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the 9 items between web and in-person respondents in the weighted share who gave the answer",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.92783,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_blk_higher": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "number of dated items on which the interval for Black respondents lies above the interval for white respondents in all three periods",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014, 2016-2018 and 2021-2024",
    "population": "Black and white respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_blk_moved": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "number of items whose change in the share has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "Black respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_dem_ip": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "number of dated items whose pooled in-person Democratic cell clears the sample floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled, in-person interviews",
    "population": "white Democrats",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_dem_moved": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "number of dated items whose change between pooled periods has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_dr_sep": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "number of dated items on which the Democratic change minus the Republican change has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats and white Republicans",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_ip_moved": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "number of dated items whose in-person change has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016-2018 to 2022-2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_mode_items": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "number of items with an in-person and a web estimate that clear the floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_mode_neg": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "number of items on which web respondents gave the answer less often than in-person respondents, with an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of 9",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_mode_neg_sign": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "number of items on which the web share is below the in-person share, by the sign of the estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of 9",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_mode_pos": {
    "display": "1",
    "estimand": "number of items on which web respondents gave the answer more often than in-person respondents, with an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of 9",
    "value": 1,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_mode_pos_sign": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "number of items on which the web share is above the in-person share, by the sign of the estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of 9",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_obama_zero": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "number of dated items whose change between pooled periods has an interval that includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "six dated items, white respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_rep_moved": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "number of dated items whose change between pooled periods has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Republicans",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_rep_zero": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "number of items whose step has a bootstrap interval that includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white Republicans",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_vote_res": {
    "display": "16,299",
    "estimand": "count of respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "the nine presidential years from 1988 to 2024 in which the index was asked",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic ANES respondents who reported a major-party presidential vote and have a resentment index score",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "respondents",
    "value": 16299,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_wave1214": {
    "display": "0",
    "estimand": "number of items whose change in the share among white respondents has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2014",
    "population": "six dated items",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 0,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_wave1416": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "number of items whose change in the share among white respondents has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014 to 2016",
    "population": "six dated items",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "n_wht_moved": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "number of items whose change in the share has an interval that excludes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "items out of six",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "obama_aff": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.1",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who favor preference in hiring and promoting Black people",
    "n": 6216,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.05927,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "obama_max": {
    "display": "+2.1",
    "estimand": "largest change among six items in the weighted share who gave the answer",
    "n": 6216,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.05927,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "obama_min": {
    "display": "−2.5",
    "estimand": "smallest change among six items in the weighted share who gave the answer",
    "n": 6189,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -2.47837,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "obama_open": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.4",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who would vote for a law barring housing discrimination",
    "n": 6393,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 3.36401,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "obama_rel": {
    "ci": [
      6.2,
      11.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.6",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who would not oppose a close relative marrying a Black person",
    "n": 6445,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004-2008 to 2010-2014",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.63824,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "open_1973": {
    "ci": [
      32.6,
      38.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: the law that bars refusing to sell because of race (would vote for a law barring housing discrimination)",
    "n": 1283,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1973",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 35.4699,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "open_2012": {
    "ci": [
      64.9,
      72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "68.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: the law that bars refusing to sell because of race (would vote for a law barring housing discrimination)",
    "n": 966,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 68.4721,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "open_2022": {
    "ci": [
      78.5,
      87
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: the law that bars refusing to sell because of race (would vote for a law barring housing discrimination)",
    "n": 790,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 82.7579,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "open_2024": {
    "ci": [
      70.7,
      84.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "77.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: the law that bars refusing to sell because of race (would vote for a law barring housing discrimination)",
    "n": 279,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 77.668,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "p16_max": {
    "display": "100.0%",
    "estimand": "largest share of replicates that place the best single step at the 2016 survey",
    "n": 1000,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, six items",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of bootstrap replicates",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "p16_min": {
    "display": "51.4%",
    "estimand": "smallest share of replicates that place the best single step at the 2016 survey",
    "n": 1000,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, six items",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of bootstrap replicates",
    "value": 51.4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "p16_will": {
    "display": "51.4%",
    "estimand": "share of replicates that place the best single step at the 2016 survey",
    "n": 1000,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, will-power item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of bootstrap replicates",
    "value": 51.4,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_dem_disc": {
    "ci": [
      9.7,
      19.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+14.8",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 2225,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 14.7796,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_dem_help": {
    "ci": [
      14.2,
      23.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+18.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5)) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 2293,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 18.6929,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_dem_spend": {
    "ci": [
      20.5,
      32.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+26.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 1569,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 26.2963,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_rep_disc": {
    "ci": [
      -1.7,
      6.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.5",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 2217,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 2.48851,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_rep_help": {
    "ci": [
      2.3,
      7.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5)) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 2179,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 4.9656,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_rep_spend": {
    "ci": [
      13.8,
      24.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+19.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 1534,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 19.0444,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pchg_rep_will": {
    "ci": [
      -13.7,
      -3.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−8.5",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power) between two pooled periods",
    "n": 2184,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.49423,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pdiff_spend": {
    "ci": [
      -0.5,
      15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.3",
    "estimand": "Democratic change minus Republican change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people)",
    "n": 3103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats and white Republicans (leaners included)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 7.25198,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pdiff_will": {
    "ci": [
      -11,
      3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.0",
    "estimand": "Democratic change minus Republican change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "n": 4403,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white Democrats and white Republicans (leaners included)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -3.99596,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pe_will": {
    "display": "38.0%",
    "estimand": "share of replicates that place the best single step at a survey before 2016",
    "n": 1000,
    "note": "",
    "period": "in-person surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, will-power item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of bootstrap replicates",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pres_1972": {
    "ci": [
      71.3,
      76.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (would vote for a qualified black nominee)",
    "n": 1262,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 73.9786,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "pres_2010": {
    "ci": [
      94.2,
      97.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "95.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: yes (would vote for a qualified black nominee)",
    "n": 1052,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 95.6806,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_aff_b": {
    "ci": [
      -7.7,
      6.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.8",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (favors preference in hiring and promoting black people)",
    "n": 1177,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "black respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.767375,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_aff_w": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      8.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (favors preference in hiring and promoting black people)",
    "n": 5500,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.72916,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_disc_b": {
    "ci": [
      0.2,
      13.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+7.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 1219,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "black respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.98705,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_disc_w": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.4",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 5589,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.38204,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_help_b": {
    "ci": [
      2.4,
      16.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+9.6",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 1182,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "black respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 9.62227,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_help_w": {
    "ci": [
      7.6,
      12.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+10.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
    "n": 5643,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 10.0022,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_will_b": {
    "ci": [
      -7.1,
      6.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.2",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "n": 1229,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "black respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -0.223295,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "race_chg_will_w": {
    "ci": [
      -12.2,
      -5.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "n": 5556,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race codes, Hispanic whites included in white) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.95279,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rel_1990": {
    "ci": [
      31.8,
      38.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: favor, strongly favor or neither favor nor oppose (would not oppose a relative marrying a black person)",
    "n": 1130,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1990",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 34.9514,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rel_2012": {
    "ci": [
      75.2,
      81.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "78.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: favor, strongly favor or neither favor nor oppose (would not oppose a relative marrying a black person)",
    "n": 972,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 78.4108,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rel_2024": {
    "ci": [
      90.5,
      94.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "92.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: favor, strongly favor or neither favor nor oppose (would not oppose a relative marrying a black person)",
    "n": 1517,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 92.386,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rep_disc_2014": {
    "ci": [
      14.2,
      22.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 468,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "white republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 18.173,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rep_disc_2018": {
    "ci": [
      18,
      28.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.3%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 458,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "white republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 23.2836,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rep_disc_2024": {
    "ci": [
      15.1,
      27.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 314,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 21.4335,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rep_spend_ip2224": {
    "ci": [
      19.7,
      36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who said too little is spent on improving conditions of Black people",
    "n": 309,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024 pooled, in-person interviews",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 27.8693,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "rep_spend_web21": {
    "ci": [
      12.8,
      20.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "16.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who said too little is spent on improving conditions of Black people",
    "n": 462,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021, web interviews",
    "population": "white Republicans (leaners included; GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 16.8573,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "repshare_2008": {
    "ci": [
      52.5,
      60.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "56.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 783,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 56.4117,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "repshare_2012": {
    "ci": [
      54.7,
      59.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 2555,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 57.131,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "repshare_2016": {
    "ci": [
      54.8,
      60
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share who voted for the Republican candidate",
    "n": 1957,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic two-party voters",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent voting Republican",
    "value": 57.3685,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "seg_1972": {
    "ci": [
      57.8,
      63.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: disagree slightly or strongly (whites have no right to exclude black neighbors)",
    "n": 1251,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 60.7749,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "seg_1996": {
    "ci": [
      84.1,
      89.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "86.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share of white respondents who gave the answer: disagree slightly or strongly (whites have no right to exclude black neighbors)",
    "n": 746,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1996",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of respondents giving the answer",
    "value": 86.7873,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "slope_1988": {
    "ci": [
      7.1,
      13.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.1",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 952,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 10.1197,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2004": {
    "ci": [
      14.1,
      21.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.8",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 601,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 17.811,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2008": {
    "ci": [
      19.2,
      25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.1",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 782,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 22.0995,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2012": {
    "ci": [
      21.3,
      25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.2",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 2541,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 23.1911,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2016": {
    "ci": [
      29.9,
      32.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.3",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 1942,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 31.347,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2020": {
    "ci": [
      34,
      35.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.9",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 4574,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 34.891,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_2024": {
    "ci": [
      31.6,
      34.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.0",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 2968,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 33.01,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "slope_ftf_2008": {
    "ci": [
      19.2,
      25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.1",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 782,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 22.0995,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "slope_ftf_2012": {
    "ci": [
      18.1,
      25.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.8",
    "estimand": "weighted linear probability slope on the standardized attitude (racial resentment index; party not held fixed)",
    "n": 609,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic voters for a major-party candidate",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points of the Republican two-party presidential vote per standard deviation of the attitude",
    "value": 21.8401,
    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "sse_kink_disc": {
    "display": "2.4",
    "estimand": "inverse-variance weighted squared error of the best trend with one kink (discrimination)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "weighted squared error of the yearly shares around the fitted kinked trend",
    "value": 2.40283,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "sse_kink_will": {
    "display": "3.0",
    "estimand": "inverse-variance weighted squared error of the best trend with one kink (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "weighted squared error of the yearly shares around the fitted kinked trend",
    "value": 2.98994,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "sse_step_disc": {
    "display": "8.0",
    "estimand": "inverse-variance weighted squared error of the best single step (discrimination)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "weighted squared error of the yearly shares around the fitted step",
    "value": 8.03248,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "sse_step_will": {
    "display": "15.2",
    "estimand": "inverse-variance weighted squared error of the best single step (lack of motivation or will power)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "surveys 2000 to 2018",
    "population": "white respondents, in person",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "weighted squared error of the yearly shares around the fitted step",
    "value": 15.1647,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "therm_b_1964": {
    "ci": [
      59.5,
      61.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating (rating of black americans)",
    "n": 1366,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 60.6662,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "therm_b_2004": {
    "ci": [
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "n": 740,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2004",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "therm_b_2012": {
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      62.7
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "n": 3254,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
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  "therm_b_2024": {
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      70.6
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 69.5192,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
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      -5.5,
      -1.3
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "change in the weighted mean rating of Black Americans",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "all white respondents who rated Black Americans",
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    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "therm_ftf_dem_0812": {
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      -0.1
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white democrats who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "therm_ftf_dem_1216": {
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      11.9
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white democrats who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
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    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "therm_ftf_rep_0812": {
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      -6.1,
      -0.1
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "change in the weighted mean rating of Black Americans",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 to 2012, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white republicans who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "therm_ftf_rep_1216": {
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      5.4
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "change in the weighted mean rating of Black Americans",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016, face-to-face interviews",
    "population": "white republicans who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
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    "weights": "weight_ftf (VCF0009x)"
  },
  "therm_w_1964": {
    "ci": [
      85.8,
      87.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "86.7",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating (rating of white americans)",
    "n": 1367,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1964",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 86.7403,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "therm_w_2024": {
    "ci": [
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      71.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "70.2",
    "estimand": "weighted mean rating (rating of white americans)",
    "n": 3373,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "all white respondents with a rating",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 70.1723,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "therm_web_dem_1216": {
    "ci": [
      4.1,
      8.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.4",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted mean rating of Black Americans",
    "n": 1686,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016, web interviews",
    "population": "white democrats who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 6.44961,
    "weights": "weight_web (VCF0009y)"
  },
  "therm_web_rep_1216": {
    "ci": [
      2.5,
      6.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+4.6",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted mean rating of Black Americans",
    "n": 2010,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012 to 2016, web interviews",
    "population": "white republicans who rated Black Americans",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "points on the 0 to 100 feeling thermometer",
    "value": 4.64077,
    "weights": "weight_web (VCF0009y)"
  },
  "w_abil_a": {
    "ci": [
      -12.4,
      -6.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.6",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (inborn ability) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 7246,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1977 to 1988-1994",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.57965,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_abil_c": {
    "ci": [
      -3.1,
      0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.5",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who attribute the gap to inborn ability between two pooled periods",
    "n": 5695,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -1.45896,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_aff_c": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      8.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (favors preference in hiring and promoting black people) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 5500,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.72916,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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  "w_disc_b": {
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      -4.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.1",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 8958,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988-1994 to 2004-2008",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.06217,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_disc_c": {
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      11.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.4",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 5589,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.38204,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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    "ci": [
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      10.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+8.2",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (rejects that black people should work up without special favors) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 5748,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 8.16327,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_help_c": {
    "ci": [
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      12.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+10.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5)) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 5643,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 10.0022,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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    "ci": [
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      15.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+14.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (no law against black-white marriage) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 13447,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1977 to 1988-1994",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 14.2588,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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  "w_open_a": {
    "ci": [
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      25.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+23.7",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (would vote for a law barring housing discrimination) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 10051,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1977 to 1988-1994",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 23.7494,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_seg_a": {
    "ci": [
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      22.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+20.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (whites have no right to exclude black neighbors) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 9565,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1977 to 1988-1994",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 20.293,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "w_spend_c": {
    "ci": [
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      24.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+20.9",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 3867,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 20.8508,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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  "w_will_a": {
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      -1.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.5",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 7103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1977 to 1988-1994",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -4.51149,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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  "w_will_b": {
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      -6.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power) between two pooled periods of surveys",
    "n": 8880,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1988-1994 to 2004-2008",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.27698,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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  "w_will_c": {
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      -5.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.0",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power) between two pooled periods of surveys",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2010-2014 to 2016-2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, pooled periods",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -8.95279,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "wave_disc": {
    "ci": [
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      10.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.3",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (discrimination)",
    "n": 2284,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014 to 2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 6.31952,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "wave_help": {
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      12.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+9.1",
    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (places self at the help end of the government-help scale (1 or 2 of 5))",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2014 to 2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
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    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "wave_spend": {
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      23.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
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    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (too little is spent on improving conditions of black people)",
    "n": 1586,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014 to 2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 18.2424,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
  "wave_will": {
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      1.1
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    "estimand": "change in the weighted share who gave the answer (lack of motivation or will power)",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2014 to 2016",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item, in-person interviews",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -3.771,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
  },
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    "estimand": "share of interviews conducted on the web (count)",
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    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "all 2021 GSS respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of interviews by web",
    "value": 87.3264,
    "weights": "none (interview count)"
  },
  "webchg_disc": {
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      7.9
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    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.1",
    "estimand": "web share in 2022 and 2024 minus in-person share in 2016 and 2018 who said racial inequality is mainly due to discrimination",
    "n": 3003,
    "note": "",
    "period": "web interviews of 2022 and 2024 against in-person interviews of 2016 and 2018",
    "population": "white respondents (GSS race code, Hispanic whites included) who answered the item",
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    "value": 2.05488,
    "weights": "weight_use (wtssnrps from 2004, wtssps before)"
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}