{
  "alt": "Table of the six ANES items. Three economic items (guaranteed jobs, government services and spending, health insurance) and three cultural items (abortion, feelings toward gays and lesbians, traditional values), each with its scale, the direction used, the number of studies that asked it and the years in which it is missing.",
  "caption": "Read each row for the item, its scale as fielded and whether the stored code is kept or reversed so that a higher value is more conservative. The last two columns show how many of the {fact:n_studies} studies from 1984 to 2024 asked the item and which years are missing. Orientation follows the value labels of the ANES Cumulative Data File, not any correlation.",
  "data": [
    {
      "direction": "Kept: a higher code is economic right",
      "index": "Economic",
      "missing": "none",
      "scale": "1 = government sees to jobs and living standards; 7 = each person on their own",
      "studies": 15,
      "topic": "Government guarantee of jobs and a good standard of living",
      "vcf": "VCF0809"
    },
    {
      "direction": "Reversed: a lower code (fewer services) is economic right",
      "index": "Economic",
      "missing": "none",
      "scale": "1 = many fewer services, reduce spending; 7 = many more services, increase spending",
      "studies": 15,
      "topic": "Government services and spending",
      "vcf": "VCF0839"
    },
    {
      "direction": "Kept: a higher code is economic right",
      "index": "Economic",
      "missing": "1986, 1990, 1998",
      "scale": "1 = government insurance plan; 7 = private insurance plan",
      "studies": 12,
      "topic": "Government or private health insurance",
      "vcf": "VCF0806"
    },
    {
      "direction": "Reversed: a lower code (more restriction) is cultural right",
      "index": "Cultural",
      "missing": "none",
      "scale": "1 = never permitted by law; 4 = always a matter of personal choice",
      "studies": 15,
      "topic": "Legal status of abortion",
      "vcf": "VCF0838"
    },
    {
      "direction": "Reversed: a lower code (colder) is cultural right",
      "index": "Cultural",
      "missing": "1986, 1990",
      "scale": "0 = coldest feeling; 100 = warmest feeling",
      "studies": 13,
      "topic": "Feeling thermometer toward gays and lesbians",
      "vcf": "VCF0232"
    },
    {
      "direction": "Reversed: a lower code (agreement) is cultural right",
      "index": "Cultural",
      "missing": "1984",
      "scale": "1 = agree strongly; 5 = disagree strongly",
      "studies": 14,
      "topic": "Should be more emphasis on traditional values (variable label in the Cumulative Data File)",
      "vcf": "VCF0853"
    }
  ],
  "id": "items_coding",
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 1984 to 2024; item wording and coding only, no weights needed",
  "spec": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "index",
        "label": "Index"
      },
      {
        "key": "topic",
        "label": "Item"
      },
      {
        "key": "vcf",
        "label": "ANES variable"
      },
      {
        "key": "scale",
        "label": "Scale as fielded"
      },
      {
        "key": "direction",
        "label": "Direction used"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "studies",
        "label": "Studies asking it"
      },
      {
        "key": "missing",
        "label": "Not asked in"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Items in the economic and cultural conservatism indices: ANES variable, scale as fielded, direction used and studies that asked the item, 1984 to 2024",
  "title": "Each index averages three ANES items, and a higher value always marks the conservative end",
  "type": "table",
  "width": "wide"
}