{
  "alt": "Line chart of the Democratic share of party identifiers for four age groups in the ten even-year CES waves from 2006 to 2024, with confidence bands. The youngest group is above the oldest group in every wave, with a gap between {fact:ces_pid_gap_min} and {fact:ces_pid_gap_max} points. The ANES view covers 1952 to 2024 with wider bands and shows a gap of {fact:anes_pid_gap_2020} in 2020 and {fact:anes_pid_gap_2024} in 2024.",
  "caption": "The line for adults aged eighteen to twenty-nine stays above the line for adults sixty-five and older in all ten waves, by {fact:ces_pid_gap_min} to {fact:ces_pid_gap_max} points, and the gap is lowest in 2024. Each line is the weighted Democratic share among respondents who identify with a party or lean toward one, and the bands are 95% intervals. The ANES button shows the same measure from the smaller survey.",
  "data": [
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 65.5114,
      "conf_low": 62.2614,
      "estimate": 63.8864,
      "n": 3805,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 68.8066,
      "conf_low": 65.442,
      "estimate": 67.1243,
      "n": 4827,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 65.8801,
      "conf_low": 61.8403,
      "estimate": 63.8602,
      "n": 4218,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 67.6516,
      "conf_low": 63.9943,
      "estimate": 65.823,
      "n": 6229,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 60.7656,
      "conf_low": 57.377,
      "estimate": 59.0713,
      "n": 7389,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 64.194,
      "conf_low": 61.4625,
      "estimate": 62.8282,
      "n": 8667,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 63.4875,
      "conf_low": 60.3453,
      "estimate": 61.9164,
      "n": 9327,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 61.8505,
      "conf_low": 58.6759,
      "estimate": 60.2632,
      "n": 8824,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 65.4921,
      "conf_low": 62.1007,
      "estimate": 63.7964,
      "n": 7083,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 62.6791,
      "conf_low": 57.9495,
      "estimate": 60.3143,
      "n": 7167,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 53.8945,
      "conf_low": 51.5994,
      "estimate": 52.747,
      "n": 8096,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 59.5779,
      "conf_low": 56.7936,
      "estimate": 58.1858,
      "n": 7118,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 58.0114,
      "conf_low": 54.9927,
      "estimate": 56.502,
      "n": 8104,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 65.2207,
      "conf_low": 62.0217,
      "estimate": 63.6212,
      "n": 6253,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 58.8266,
      "conf_low": 55.7785,
      "estimate": 57.3026,
      "n": 7695,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 61.8249,
      "conf_low": 59.5755,
      "estimate": 60.7002,
      "n": 13395,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 61.481,
      "conf_low": 58.9689,
      "estimate": 60.225,
      "n": 11724,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 60.3981,
      "conf_low": 57.9792,
      "estimate": 59.1887,
      "n": 11969,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 60.8982,
      "conf_low": 58.2644,
      "estimate": 59.5813,
      "n": 11526,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 59.4272,
      "conf_low": 56.2254,
      "estimate": 57.8263,
      "n": 9128,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 51.0133,
      "conf_low": 49.162,
      "estimate": 50.0877,
      "n": 14304,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 54.9131,
      "conf_low": 52.7322,
      "estimate": 53.8226,
      "n": 11634,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 53.402,
      "conf_low": 51.5949,
      "estimate": 52.4985,
      "n": 24741,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 56.8575,
      "conf_low": 55.0744,
      "estimate": 55.966,
      "n": 21739,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 52.4681,
      "conf_low": 50.5023,
      "estimate": 51.4852,
      "n": 19924,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 53.5175,
      "conf_low": 51.7012,
      "estimate": 52.6094,
      "n": 19966,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 51.2061,
      "conf_low": 49.1487,
      "estimate": 50.1774,
      "n": 17026,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 50.64,
      "conf_low": 48.6049,
      "estimate": 49.6225,
      "n": 17436,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 49.8088,
      "conf_low": 47.7571,
      "estimate": 48.7829,
      "n": 17846,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 46.5236,
      "conf_low": 44.2008,
      "estimate": 45.3622,
      "n": 18877,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 48.967,
      "conf_low": 46.2252,
      "estimate": 47.5961,
      "n": 5587,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 48.8672,
      "conf_low": 45.5465,
      "estimate": 47.2069,
      "n": 5021,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 44.1992,
      "conf_low": 40.9364,
      "estimate": 42.5678,
      "n": 10798,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 49.7108,
      "conf_low": 47.0148,
      "estimate": 48.3628,
      "n": 11626,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 46.2555,
      "conf_low": 42.9274,
      "estimate": 44.5915,
      "n": 9768,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 50.0418,
      "conf_low": 46.9871,
      "estimate": 48.5144,
      "n": 9958,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 46.0805,
      "conf_low": 43.3865,
      "estimate": 44.7335,
      "n": 11250,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 46.6003,
      "conf_low": 44.0369,
      "estimate": 45.3186,
      "n": 11540,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 43.8986,
      "conf_low": 41.3972,
      "estimate": 42.6479,
      "n": 13065,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 47.6144,
      "conf_low": 45.238,
      "estimate": 46.4262,
      "n": 15675,
      "survey": "ces",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 70.6927,
      "conf_low": 59.589,
      "estimate": 65.1408,
      "n": 284,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1952
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 66.7156,
      "conf_low": 54.8228,
      "estimate": 60.7692,
      "n": 260,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1956
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1960
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 76.4651,
      "conf_low": 65.2672,
      "estimate": 70.8661,
      "n": 254,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1964
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 68.034,
      "conf_low": 55.4442,
      "estimate": 61.7391,
      "n": 230,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1968
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 66.8908,
      "conf_low": 59.0855,
      "estimate": 62.9881,
      "n": 589,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 69.4762,
      "conf_low": 60.6576,
      "estimate": 65.0669,
      "n": 461,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 65.0347,
      "conf_low": 54.4849,
      "estimate": 59.7598,
      "n": 333,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 60.8791,
      "conf_low": 51.7846,
      "estimate": 56.3319,
      "n": 458,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 55.7336,
      "conf_low": 45.5998,
      "estimate": 50.6667,
      "n": 375,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 59.3389,
      "conf_low": 49.5123,
      "estimate": 54.4256,
      "n": 399,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 67.1812,
      "conf_low": 53.0586,
      "estimate": 60.1199,
      "n": 225,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 68.7518,
      "conf_low": 54.5945,
      "estimate": 61.6732,
      "n": 225,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 73.5379,
      "conf_low": 59.3222,
      "estimate": 66.4301,
      "n": 212,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 72.4317,
      "conf_low": 59.7248,
      "estimate": 66.0782,
      "n": 342,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 62.1665,
      "conf_low": 52.7427,
      "estimate": 57.4546,
      "n": 774,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 64.9364,
      "conf_low": 54.9152,
      "estimate": 59.9258,
      "n": 540,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 68.3938,
      "conf_low": 59.4248,
      "estimate": 63.9093,
      "n": 841,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "18 to 29",
      "conf_high": 61.5824,
      "conf_low": 50.2826,
      "estimate": 55.9325,
      "n": 493,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 71.1911,
      "conf_low": 63.6137,
      "estimate": 67.4024,
      "n": 589,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1952
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 65.2884,
      "conf_low": 57.4235,
      "estimate": 61.3559,
      "n": 590,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1956
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 68.303,
      "conf_low": 56.5718,
      "estimate": 62.4374,
      "n": 363,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1960
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 72.5783,
      "conf_low": 63.9082,
      "estimate": 68.2432,
      "n": 444,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1964
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 70.0531,
      "conf_low": 60.8472,
      "estimate": 65.4501,
      "n": 411,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1968
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 62.9981,
      "conf_low": 54.8781,
      "estimate": 58.9381,
      "n": 565,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 63.4889,
      "conf_low": 54.2404,
      "estimate": 58.8646,
      "n": 453,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 66.7327,
      "conf_low": 56.9515,
      "estimate": 61.8421,
      "n": 380,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 54.6439,
      "conf_low": 46.6762,
      "estimate": 50.6601,
      "n": 606,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 56.4108,
      "conf_low": 48.4912,
      "estimate": 52.451,
      "n": 612,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 59.5699,
      "conf_low": 52.4459,
      "estimate": 56.0079,
      "n": 748,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 60.4422,
      "conf_low": 51.2979,
      "estimate": 55.8701,
      "n": 548,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 57.6562,
      "conf_low": 48.253,
      "estimate": 52.9546,
      "n": 519,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 56.173,
      "conf_low": 43.3812,
      "estimate": 49.7771,
      "n": 273,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 63.7709,
      "conf_low": 53.1166,
      "estimate": 58.4437,
      "n": 540,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 58.8041,
      "conf_low": 51.2804,
      "estimate": 55.0422,
      "n": 1142,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 64.36,
      "conf_low": 56.7033,
      "estimate": 60.5317,
      "n": 876,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 58.3164,
      "conf_low": 52.29,
      "estimate": 55.3032,
      "n": 1739,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "30 to 44",
      "conf_high": 55.7028,
      "conf_low": 47.6201,
      "estimate": 51.6614,
      "n": 1190,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 62.7129,
      "conf_low": 54.1499,
      "estimate": 58.4314,
      "n": 510,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1952
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 56.4862,
      "conf_low": 47.6122,
      "estimate": 52.0492,
      "n": 488,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1956
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 63.125,
      "conf_low": 51.5958,
      "estimate": 57.3604,
      "n": 388,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1960
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 73.5551,
      "conf_low": 65.4348,
      "estimate": 69.4949,
      "n": 495,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1964
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 65.9083,
      "conf_low": 57.2322,
      "estimate": 61.5702,
      "n": 484,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1968
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 64.4138,
      "conf_low": 57.3724,
      "estimate": 60.8931,
      "n": 739,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 64.9678,
      "conf_low": 56.9116,
      "estimate": 60.9397,
      "n": 588,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 66.6757,
      "conf_low": 57.1338,
      "estimate": 61.9048,
      "n": 399,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 64.036,
      "conf_low": 55.4906,
      "estimate": 59.7633,
      "n": 507,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 60.049,
      "conf_low": 50.9159,
      "estimate": 55.4825,
      "n": 456,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 61.6213,
      "conf_low": 53.5128,
      "estimate": 57.567,
      "n": 574,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 61.3592,
      "conf_low": 51.3529,
      "estimate": 56.356,
      "n": 451,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 62.5507,
      "conf_low": 53.4177,
      "estimate": 57.9842,
      "n": 536,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 56.2394,
      "conf_low": 45.6403,
      "estimate": 50.9399,
      "n": 408,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 60.0715,
      "conf_low": 51.1542,
      "estimate": 55.6129,
      "n": 730,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 56.5355,
      "conf_low": 50.7376,
      "estimate": 53.6366,
      "n": 2052,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 52.7016,
      "conf_low": 46.2833,
      "estimate": 49.4924,
      "n": 1306,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 50.0831,
      "conf_low": 44.8726,
      "estimate": 47.4778,
      "n": 2399,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "45 to 64",
      "conf_high": 52.4309,
      "conf_low": 45.3465,
      "estimate": 48.8887,
      "n": 1559,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 61.8288,
      "conf_low": 48.0722,
      "estimate": 54.9505,
      "n": 202,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1952
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 59.6057,
      "conf_low": 44.8886,
      "estimate": 52.2472,
      "n": 178,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1956
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 58.0514,
      "conf_low": 41.191,
      "estimate": 49.6212,
      "n": 184,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1960
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 59.8498,
      "conf_low": 46.5722,
      "estimate": 53.211,
      "n": 218,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1964
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 67.6881,
      "conf_low": 55.3245,
      "estimate": 61.5063,
      "n": 239,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1968
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 60.4462,
      "conf_low": 50.4913,
      "estimate": 55.4688,
      "n": 384,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 63.1238,
      "conf_low": 52.7599,
      "estimate": 57.9418,
      "n": 364,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 68.3113,
      "conf_low": 56.3946,
      "estimate": 62.3529,
      "n": 255,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 56.732,
      "conf_low": 46.3492,
      "estimate": 51.5406,
      "n": 357,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 61.2999,
      "conf_low": 50.5542,
      "estimate": 55.9271,
      "n": 329,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 65.1083,
      "conf_low": 55.8607,
      "estimate": 60.4845,
      "n": 433,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1992
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 65.3475,
      "conf_low": 53.685,
      "estimate": 59.5163,
      "n": 323,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 66.3347,
      "conf_low": 53.6951,
      "estimate": 60.0149,
      "n": 280,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 65.5453,
      "conf_low": 49.4906,
      "estimate": 57.518,
      "n": 181,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 59.3052,
      "conf_low": 46.7392,
      "estimate": 53.0222,
      "n": 369,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 54.3774,
      "conf_low": 46.4575,
      "estimate": 50.4174,
      "n": 1079,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 53.7233,
      "conf_low": 45.7568,
      "estimate": 49.7401,
      "n": 855,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 52.2837,
      "conf_low": 46.5451,
      "estimate": 49.4144,
      "n": 2042,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "band": "65 and over",
      "conf_high": 57.516,
      "conf_low": 50.4817,
      "estimate": 53.9989,
      "n": 1617,
      "survey": "anes",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "pid_by_age",
  "notes": [
    "A cell is plotted only when it has {fact:floor_n} or more respondents and a Kish effective sample size (the sample size after weighting) of {fact:floor_n} or more, the floor of this chapter. A blank cell leaves a gap in the line. Party identification counts Democrats and Republicans with leaners included and leaves out pure independents.",
    "The ANES estimates for 2012, 2016 and 2024 mix face-to-face and web interviews and the 2020 study has no interview-mode weights. In 2024 the web sample alone gives a gap of {fact:anes_pid_web_gap_2024}.",
    "The CES is an opt-in online panel, so its intervals describe sampling variation among panel members and leave out how respondents joined the panel. Intervals are model based: they treat the weighted sample as a simple random sample and ignore clustering and stratification."
  ],
  "source": "CES Cumulative File, even-year waves 2006-2024; weighted (weight_cumulative); party identifiers, leaners included; the ANES view: ANES Cumulative Data File, presidential-election years 1952-2024; weighted (VCF0009z); party identifiers, leaners included",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "Even split",
        "type": "y-rule",
        "y": 50
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "18 to 29": "cat3",
      "30 to 44": "cat2",
      "45 to 64": "cat1",
      "65 and over": "highlight"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "band",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      2006,
      2024
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "xTicks": "data",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      35,
      80
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Democratic share of party identifiers (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Democratic share of party identifiers (leaners included) by age group, CES even-year waves 2006 to 2024; the ANES view covers presidential-election years 1952 to 2024; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "survey",
        "label": "Survey"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "key": "band",
        "label": "Age group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Democratic share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "95% interval low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "95% interval high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Identifiers"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Among party identifiers in the CES the youngest group was more Democratic than the oldest in every wave from 2006 to 2024",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "survey": "ces"
      },
      "id": "ces",
      "label": "CES"
    },
    {
      "caption": "In the ANES the youngest and oldest groups are far apart in party identification in 2020 and close together in 2024, where the gap has an interval that includes zero. The ANES line for each group is noisier than the CES line because the survey is smaller. The estimates are weighted shares of party identifiers with leaners included, and the bands are 95% intervals.",
      "filter": {
        "survey": "anes"
      },
      "id": "anes",
      "label": "ANES",
      "spec": {
        "xDomain": [
          1952,
          2024
        ],
        "xTicks": [
          1952,
          1964,
          1976,
          1988,
          2000,
          2012,
          2024
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          35,
          80
        ]
      },
      "title": "The ANES gap in party identification between the youngest and oldest groups was {fact:anes_pid_gap_2020} in 2020 and {fact:anes_pid_gap_2024} in 2024"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}