# Basic values and left-right: report

Companion 1.3a of The Public Mind, by Vishal Singh (NYU Stern). Generated from the chapter's data files; the reading version is at https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right. Table n of this report is figure n of the chapter.

## Identification

- Title: Basic values and left-right
- Chapter: Companion 1.3a (Part I, Labels and beliefs; Labels, sorting and partisan feeling)
- Question: Which basic human values lean left or right, and does the pattern hold outside Western Europe?
- Dek: People who rate universalism higher place themselves further left in all 18 Western European countries in the ESS from 2002 to 2024, with a mean correlation of −0.19.
- Grain: countries
- Status: draft
- Published: 2026-09-30
- Updated: not revised
- Data sources:
  - European Social Survey. European Social Survey rounds 1 to 11 (2002-2024): human values scale (Portrait Values Questionnaire) and left-right placement; round 11 value items rebuilt from the raw file; years: 2002-2023 (rounds 1 to 11; round 11 was fielded in 2023 and 2024); weights: analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries
  - World Values Survey and EVS. World Values Survey waves 5 and 6 (2005-2016): ten single-item value portraits and left-right placement; Human Development Index from the country context file; years: 1981-2023 (7 unified waves); weights: weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries
- Canonical URL: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right
- Report: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right/report
- Markdown: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right/report.md
- BibTeX key: singh2026basicvaluesandleftright

```bibtex
@misc{singh2026basicvaluesandleftright,
  author = {Singh, Vishal},
  title = {Basic values and left-right},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right},
  note = {In The Public Mind. Published 30 September 2026.}
}
```

## Principal estimates

The facts the dek and the opening prose cite, in order of appearance.

| Estimand | Population | Period | Value | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Fact id |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| count of countries in the group, fixed by geography and history | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 18 |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey | n_west |
| mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Universalism (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | −0.19 | 95% CI −0.22 to −0.16 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey | mean_west_universalism |
| mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Conformity (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | +0.11 | 95% CI 0.09 to 0.13 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey | mean_west_conformity |
| mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Tradition (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | +0.10 | 95% CI 0.08 to 0.12 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey | mean_west_tradition |

## Findings

In the European Social Survey (ESS), people who rate universalism as more important place themselves further left on the left-right scale in every one of the 18 countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe (Western Europe below), in rounds pooled from 2002 to 2024. The average correlation across these countries is −0.19 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.16), and in each country the 95% confidence interval of the correlation lies below zero. Conformity and tradition run the other way, at +0.11 and +0.10. The correlations are small, and outside Western Europe they are uneven. In post-communist Europe the values sit on their predicted sides of left-right in some countries and on the opposite sides in others.

The chapter compares the ten values of Shalom Schwartz's theory with left-right placement, first across Western Europe, then country by country in post-communist Europe, and then in the World Values Survey (WVS), which reaches countries outside Europe.

### Theory, measures and country groups

Schwartz's theory arranges ten basic values in a circle in which neighboring values are compatible and opposite values conflict [1]. Conformity, tradition and security (conservation) face self-direction and stimulation (openness to change), and universalism and benevolence (self-transcendence) face power and achievement (self-enhancement). Hedonism sits between openness and self-enhancement. Applied to politics, the circle predicts that conservation and self-enhancement values go with the right and that openness and self-transcendence values go with the left. A study of Italian voters found that supporters of the center-left coalition rated universalism, benevolence and self-direction higher, and security, power, achievement, conformity and tradition lower, than supporters of the center-right [2]. A comparison of countries in the first round of the ESS found universalism and benevolence going with a left orientation and conformity and tradition with a right orientation in liberal and traditional countries [3].

This chapter estimates every pattern with one estimator and counts the countries on the predicted side instead of relying on averages. The ESS measures the ten values with short portraits of a person, for example someone for whom thinking up new ideas and being creative is important, which respondents rate from very much like me to not like me at all. Each value score is centred on the respondent's own mean rating of all the portraits. Centring removes differences in how freely people use the top of the scale and leaves the priority of one value relative to the others, so every score is a relative priority [4]. The left-right question asks respondents to place themselves on a scale from left to right (left-right self-placement). In each country the chapter takes the correlation between a value score and the placement, called a loading, and a positive loading means that people who rate the value as more important place themselves further right. Rounds from 2002 to 2024 are pooled inside each country, which gives 432,669 respondents in 39 countries. (Note: A loading is a survey-weighted correlation computed inside one country. Its interval is model based, from the Fisher z transformation [5] of the Kish effective sample size [6], and it treats the weighted sample as a simple random sample; intervals for averages across countries come from resampling countries [7].)

The countries are grouped by geography and history and not by anything in the data. The 18 Western European countries are those outside the former communist bloc and include Greece, Portugal and Spain. Germany is one country in this group and includes the former East Germany. The 18 post-communist countries had communist party rule in the twentieth century, and Cyprus, Israel and Turkey (3 countries) belong to neither group.

### Universalism leans left and conformity right in Western Europe

Table 1 plots the mean loading of each value across the Western European countries. Universalism is at −0.19 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.16) and conformity at +0.11 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.13). Tradition, power and security lean right and benevolence, self-direction and stimulation lean left, each by less than universalism and with an interval that excludes zero. Achievement follows the theory least clearly, at +0.010 (95% CI 0.001 to 0.017), an interval that barely clears zero. Hedonism, to which the theory assigns no side, leans left at −0.02.

Table 1. Across Western Europe universalism leans left and conformity, tradition and power lean right

The loadings are small. Squared, the universalism loading averages 4% (95% CI 3% to 5%) across Western countries, which is the share of the variance in left-right placement that the two answers have in common. That share is the largest of the ten values. Conformity and tradition are the values closest to the obedience and respect for custom that Companion 1.3b, The obedience-autonomy disposition (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/the-obedience-autonomy-disposition) measures with a child-rearing question. Security is the conservation value with the least consistent sign, which Planned, Order, security and threat (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/order-security-and-threat; planned) takes up with measures of threat.

The averages hide little disagreement between countries. Table 2 counts the countries on the predicted side. Conformity, tradition, power, universalism and benevolence are on the predicted side in all 18 Western countries, and achievement, the lowest, in 12. Judged by the interval and not by the point estimate, universalism is on the predicted side in 18 countries and conformity in 18, and tradition, power and benevolence in 17 each. The figure also shows the post-communist countries, which the next section takes up.

Table 2. Conformity, tradition, power, universalism and benevolence have the predicted sign in all 18 Western European countries, and only universalism does in as many as 15 of 18 post-communist countries

Grouped into Schwartz's four higher-order types, the pattern is the same. Conservation loads right at +0.14 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.16) and self-transcendence loads left at −0.16 (95% CI −0.19 to −0.14), and both have an interval on the predicted side in all 18 Western countries.

### Post-communist countries split three ways

The same estimator gives a different result in the 18 post-communist countries. Table 3 shows every value in every country. Its first view sets the Western mean beside each post-communist country, and the other views list the Western countries and all countries. The Western countries repeat one pattern, and the post-communist countries do not.

Table 3. Western European countries show one pattern of correlations and post-communist countries show several

Take the conservation values. In Croatia the conservation loading is +0.16 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.18), in Slovenia +0.14 and in Poland +0.12, so the values lean right, as in Western Europe, where the mean is +0.14. In Bulgaria the loading is −0.24, in Czechia −0.22 and in Slovakia −0.18, so the values lean left. People who give more weight to conformity, tradition and security place themselves further left than other people in the same country. In each of these countries the interval excludes zero. Table 4 shows all 18 countries. The interval is on the predicted side in 4, includes zero in 7 and is on the opposite side in 7.

Table 4. By the 95% interval, conservation values go with the right in 4 post-communist countries and with the left in 7

The post-communist mean in the top rows of the figure is −0.02 (95% CI −0.07 to 0.03), which by itself reads as no link. That mean averages countries with opposite signs. The standard deviation of the country loadings is 0.11 in post-communist Europe against 0.06 in Western Europe, so a single figure for post-communist Europe hides the spread that the countries show.

Universalism holds up better than conservation. It is on its predicted side in 15 of the 18 post-communist countries, has an interval on that side in 12 and has an interval on the opposite side in 0 (Table 4, universalism view).

The alignment score gives one number per country. It averages the loadings of the eight values that have a predicted side and are measured in both surveys. Each loading is multiplied by a sign, positive for a value predicted to lean right and negative for a value predicted to lean left, so a positive score means the values sit on their predicted sides. Hedonism has no predicted side and is left out, and so is benevolence, which the WVS asked in too few places. The Western mean of the score is +0.08 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.09), and the interval is above zero in all 18 Western countries. In post-communist Europe the interval is above zero in 4 countries (Croatia, Slovenia, Poland and Hungary), includes zero in 10 and is below zero in 4 (Bulgaria, Czechia, Slovakia and Estonia). Hungary's score is +0.010 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.016), so the lower end of its interval is close to zero.

Earlier work found the same division. In the first ESS round the values were only weakly associated with left-right placement in post-communist countries [3]. A study of Western and former communist countries in two later rounds found that conservatism, measured through values, could go with the left or the right depending on the cultural, political and economic situation of a society [8].

The country mean of the centred conservation score is higher in post-communist Europe (0.21 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.24)) than in Western Europe (0.02), so post-communist publics rate conservation values higher. Across all 39 ESS countries the country mean and the conservation loading correlate at −0.43 (95% CI −0.65 to −0.13). Inside Western Europe the correlation is −0.06 and inside post-communist Europe +0.03, both close to zero. Each interval includes the correlation across all countries, so with only 18 countries per group the data cannot rule out a link of that size inside a group. (Note: A comparison of country means assumes that respondents in different countries read the items in the same way. A test on the first ESS round found that the means of the value scale can be compared only across subsets of countries [9], and this chapter does not repeat the test. Planned, Countries in value space (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/countries-in-value-space; planned) places countries by their values.)

One account of why the left-right label attaches differently holds that leftist parties in post-communist governments had stronger incentives than rightist parties to hold spending down [10]. On that account, economic left and right did not mean what they meant in the West. The chapter does not test it. Chapter 1.3, Left and right across countries (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/left-and-right-across-countries) shows which attitudes the left-right scale tracks in each country.

### In the WVS the link is clearest at high human development

The WVS asked one short portrait per value in the fifth and sixth waves, fielded from 2005 to 2016, such as "It is important to this person to be rich" for power. Each value rests on a single item, with universalism measured by an item on looking after the environment and benevolence by an item on helping people nearby. The items are centred on each respondent's mean rating of the items that every respondent in the sample answered, which are all except benevolence. The sample is 113,253 respondents with a left-right answer in 71 countries and territories. (Note: The WVS carries a ten-item battery inspired by Schwartz's questionnaire [11]. The cleaned file holds the items for the fifth and sixth waves and for no other wave, including the seventh. The two waves have 73 countries and territories in the sample, and Jordan and Yemen, with 555 respondents between them, fall below the effective-sample floor and are dropped. No respondent answered the benevolence item in 13 countries and territories, and a subsample answered it in 20, which is why the alignment score leaves benevolence out.)

Countries are grouped into thirds by the Human Development Index (HDI), a country score that uses no answer from the survey, so the grouping does not depend on how values and left-right relate. The WVS country file has one HDI value per country and no year, and the fieldwork spans 2005 to 2016. The cut points between the thirds are 0.74 and 0.83. Table 5 gives the mean loading of each item, first by third of countries and then for all countries. Across all countries tradition is at +0.06 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.08) and the environment item at −0.03, both on their predicted sides and small, while security and achievement have intervals that include zero. Counted by country, tradition has the predicted sign in 56 of 71 countries, the environment item in 44 and security in 33. The counts for every item are in the data table of the figure.

Table 5. The mean correlation has the predicted sign for all 9 items with a predicted side in the highest-HDI third of countries and for 4 of them in the lowest third

The averages hide large differences between thirds. In the highest-HDI third every item with a predicted side has the predicted sign, with tradition at +0.12 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.15) and the environment item at −0.10, and security and achievement are closest to zero. In the lowest third most intervals include zero, while the environment item leans right at +0.04 and security leans left at −0.025, the opposite of their predicted sides. Without centring, tradition rises from +0.06 to +0.08 across all countries and the environment item from −0.03 to +0.01 (Table 5, uncentred view), because a respondent who rates every item as important adds to every loading. Only the centred version tests relative priorities.

The alignment score condenses the items into one number per country. Its interval is above zero in 30 of 71 countries, includes zero in 32 and is below zero in 9 (Table 6). The score is +0.08 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.10) in the United States and +0.07 in Japan, so values sit on their predicted sides there. It is −0.05 in Malaysia and −0.04 in Egypt, so values sit on the opposite sides there. The interval of each of these scores excludes zero.

Table 6. Values sit on their predicted sides in 30 of 71 countries and on the opposite sides in 9

By thirds of the HDI, the interval is above zero in 19 of the 23 countries in the highest third, in 7 of 23 in the middle third and in 3 of 24 in the lowest, where it is below zero in 5. Across the 70 countries with an index value, the alignment score and the index correlate at +0.60 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.73). The WVS covers countries outside Europe. The correlation is +0.64 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.79) across the 41 countries outside the World Bank region of Europe and Central Asia and +0.79 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.89) across the 29 countries inside it. That region counts Central Asia, the South Caucasus, Turkey and Cyprus with Europe. The correlation is a pattern across countries. It does not show that development changes how values relate to left-right. Countries with higher human development differ in other ways that could also move the score, such as the age of the party system, education and the meaning of the left-right label, and the chapter does not separate them.

Table 7. Alignment is higher in countries with higher human development, with a correlation of +0.60 across 70 countries

### The pattern repeats in round 11 and the WVS

Two checks compare estimates built from separate respondents. The alignment score estimated from round 11 alone, in 30 countries, correlates at +0.92 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.96) with the score from the earlier rounds. The loadings of single values correlate at +0.77 across country-value cells after each value's average across countries is removed, which takes out the differences between values that repeat in every country. The WVS and the ESS use different items, years and interviewers, yet the alignment scores of the 20 countries in both surveys correlate at +0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.96) (Table 7, view against the ESS). Leaving the WVS items uncentred moves every item's mean loading toward the right and changes the order of countries by alignment little, with a correlation of +0.95 between the two versions across the same countries.

### What these data cannot show

The loadings are associations between two answers given in one interview. They do not show whether values shape left-right placement, whether placement shapes the values a person reports, or whether a third influence such as a party system, a church or an education shapes both. A country's alignment says how tightly the scale and the values move together and nothing about which comes first. How self-direction and stimulation differ by birth cohort is in Planned, The silent revolution (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/the-silent-revolution; planned).

The scores are relative priorities. Because each value is centred on the respondent's own mean rating, the ten loadings cannot all lie on one side of zero, and a value that leans left partly reflects other values that lean right. The WVS measures each value with one item, which is noisier than the ESS scale, and the WVS universalism item is about the environment only. The alignment score leaves out hedonism and benevolence. The theory's prediction for achievement holds only weakly in Western Europe, where its mean interval sits barely above zero and it is on the predicted side in 12 of 18 countries.

The intervals are model based. They treat each survey as a weighted simple random sample and ignore clustering in the sampling designs, and the bootstrap over countries treats the countries as a sample from a population of countries, which they are not. A count of countries by interval moves when a country's interval ends close to zero, as Hungary's does in the ESS and Estonia's, Georgia's and Uzbekistan's do in the WVS. A different bootstrap draw could place such a country in a neighboring group of the count. Countries appear in different rounds and waves, so a loading pools different years, and the chapter does not follow loadings over time. Round 10 of the ESS has no value items in 9 countries, so their loadings rest on the other rounds. The groups are historical and geographic labels. The post-communist group holds countries with different party systems and different histories after 1990, and Western Europe holds countries with long democratic histories and countries with recent ones. Left-right also means different things in different places, as Chapter 1.3, Left and right across countries (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/left-and-right-across-countries) shows, so a loading describes the tie between the label and a value among people who answer the question. The data hold no party manifestos, expert placements of parties or vote choices, so they cannot say why the tie is reversed in the 4 post-communist countries whose interval is below zero or unclear in the 10 whose interval includes zero.

## Tables

### Table 1. Across Western Europe universalism leans left and conformity, tradition and power lean right

Mean across countries of the correlation between each value's importance and left-right self-placement (0 = left, 10 = right), Western Europe, with 95% intervals from resampling countries

| Value | Mean correlation | Interval low | Interval high | Countries in the mean | Predicted side | Countries on the predicted side | Countries with the interval on the predicted side |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Conformity | +0.11 | +0.09 | +0.13 | 18 | Predicted to lean right | 18 | 18 |
| Tradition | +0.10 | +0.08 | +0.12 | 18 | Predicted to lean right | 18 | 17 |
| Security | +0.07 | +0.04 | +0.10 | 18 | Predicted to lean right | 17 | 14 |
| Power | +0.09 | +0.07 | +0.11 | 18 | Predicted to lean right | 18 | 17 |
| Achievement | +0.01 | 0.00 | +0.02 | 18 | Predicted to lean right | 12 | 8 |
| Hedonism | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 18 | No predicted side | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 18 | Predicted to lean left | 16 | 13 |
| Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | 18 | Predicted to lean left | 16 | 14 |
| Universalism | −0.19 | −0.22 | −0.16 | 18 | Predicted to lean left | 18 | 18 |
| Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.06 | 18 | Predicted to lean left | 18 | 17 |

Note: Each score is centred on the respondent's own mean rating of all 21 items, so the ten correlations cannot all lie on one side of zero.

Note: Hedonism has no predicted side and is left out of the counts of countries on the predicted side.

Note: Country cells need an effective sample of 300 respondents or more.

Source: European Social Survey, rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024; weighted (analysis weight within each country, every country counted once across countries); Western Europe only

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/value_circle_west.json

### Table 2. Conformity, tradition, power, universalism and benevolence have the predicted sign in all 18 Western European countries, and only universalism does in as many as 15 of 18 post-communist countries

Number of countries where the correlation between a value and left-right self-placement has the predicted sign, by value and country group; ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024

| countries | group | measure | n_countries | value |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 18 | Conformity |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 18 | Conformity |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 8 | Conformity |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 3 | Conformity |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 18 | Tradition |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 17 | Tradition |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 8 | Tradition |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 4 | Tradition |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 17 | Security |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 14 | Security |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 6 | Security |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 5 | Security |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 18 | Power |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 17 | Power |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 12 | Power |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 7 | Power |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 12 | Achievement |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 8 | Achievement |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 12 | Achievement |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 5 | Achievement |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 16 | Stimulation |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 13 | Stimulation |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 6 | Stimulation |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 2 | Stimulation |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 16 | Self-direction |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 14 | Self-direction |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 9 | Self-direction |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 3 | Self-direction |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 18 | Universalism |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 18 | Universalism |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 15 | Universalism |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 12 | Universalism |
| 18 | Western Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 18 | Benevolence |
| 18 | Western Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 17 | Benevolence |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | Correlation has the predicted sign | 10 | Benevolence |
| 18 | Post-communist Europe | 95% interval on the predicted side | 7 | Benevolence |

Views: Sign of the correlation (measure = Correlation has the predicted sign); Interval excludes zero (measure = 95% interval on the predicted side).

Note: The two groups have the same number of countries. The first view counts countries by the sign of the correlation and the second view counts countries whose 95% interval excludes zero on the predicted side.

Note: In a tooltip, n is the group total.

Note: Country cells need an effective sample of 300 respondents or more.

Source: European Social Survey, rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024; weighted (analysis weight within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/countries_on_predicted_side.json

### Table 3. Western European countries show one pattern of correlations and post-communist countries show several

Correlation between each value and left-right self-placement (0 = left, 10 = right), by country; columns run from the values predicted to lean right, through the values predicted to lean left, to hedonism; ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024

| Country | Value | Correlation | Interval low | Interval high | Respondents | Countries in the mean | Group |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Western mean | Achievement | +0.01 | 0.00 | +0.02 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Power | +0.09 | +0.07 | +0.11 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Security | +0.07 | +0.04 | +0.10 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Conformity | +0.11 | +0.09 | +0.13 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Tradition | +0.10 | +0.08 | +0.12 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.06 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Universalism | −0.19 | −0.22 | −0.16 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Stimulation | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Western mean | Hedonism | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.01 | n/a | 18 | Western mean |
| Switzerland | Achievement | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 16,955 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Power | +0.10 | +0.09 | +0.12 | 16,955 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Security | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.18 | 16,945 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Conformity | +0.14 | +0.12 | +0.15 | 16,927 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Tradition | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.18 | 16,960 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Benevolence | −0.11 | −0.13 | −0.10 | 16,956 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Universalism | −0.30 | −0.31 | −0.28 | 16,971 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Self-direction | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 16,963 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Stimulation | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 16,958 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Switzerland | Hedonism | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 16,958 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 13,695 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Power | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.10 | 13,699 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Security | +0.12 | +0.10 | +0.14 | 13,689 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Conformity | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.18 | 13,678 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Tradition | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.18 | 13,699 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Benevolence | −0.12 | −0.14 | −0.10 | 13,698 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Universalism | −0.22 | −0.24 | −0.20 | 13,706 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Self-direction | −0.11 | −0.13 | −0.09 | 13,700 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Stimulation | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.05 | 13,695 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Austria | Hedonism | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 13,698 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Achievement | +0.03 | +0.02 | +0.05 | 16,347 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Power | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.08 | 16,365 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Security | +0.12 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 16,369 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Conformity | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.17 | 16,380 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Tradition | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 16,378 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 16,373 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Universalism | −0.17 | −0.19 | −0.16 | 16,377 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Self-direction | −0.11 | −0.12 | −0.09 | 16,363 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Stimulation | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.08 | 16,366 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Spain | Hedonism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 16,364 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Achievement | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 19,026 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Power | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.09 | 19,035 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Security | +0.17 | +0.16 | +0.19 | 19,033 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Conformity | +0.12 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 19,018 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Tradition | +0.11 | +0.09 | +0.12 | 19,027 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 19,026 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Universalism | −0.22 | −0.24 | −0.21 | 19,040 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.04 | 19,038 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Stimulation | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 19,031 | n/a | Western Europe |
| France | Hedonism | −0.08 | −0.10 | −0.06 | 19,024 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Achievement | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 18,727 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Power | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.15 | 18,732 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Security | +0.10 | +0.08 | +0.11 | 18,729 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Conformity | +0.12 | +0.10 | +0.13 | 18,731 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Tradition | +0.09 | +0.08 | +0.11 | 18,731 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Benevolence | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 18,734 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Universalism | −0.27 | −0.28 | −0.25 | 18,734 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Self-direction | −0.08 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 18,723 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Stimulation | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 18,731 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Netherlands | Hedonism | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.02 | 18,732 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Achievement | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.01 | 26,141 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Power | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.06 | 26,157 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Security | +0.12 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 26,141 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Conformity | +0.11 | +0.10 | +0.13 | 26,132 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Tradition | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 26,152 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 26,141 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Universalism | −0.20 | −0.22 | −0.19 | 26,160 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.04 | 26,149 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Stimulation | −0.08 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 26,144 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Germany | Hedonism | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 26,145 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.05 | +0.07 | 1,336 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Power | +0.03 | −0.04 | +0.09 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Security | +0.08 | +0.01 | +0.14 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Conformity | +0.15 | +0.09 | +0.22 | 1,337 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Tradition | +0.13 | +0.07 | +0.19 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Benevolence | −0.04 | −0.10 | +0.03 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Universalism | −0.10 | −0.16 | −0.04 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Self-direction | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.03 | 1,337 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Stimulation | −0.09 | −0.16 | −0.03 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Luxembourg | Hedonism | −0.10 | −0.16 | −0.04 | 1,338 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Achievement | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.01 | 11,701 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Power | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.15 | 11,713 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Security | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.05 | 11,704 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Conformity | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.15 | 11,699 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Tradition | +0.10 | +0.08 | +0.12 | 11,711 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Benevolence | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 11,700 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Universalism | −0.27 | −0.28 | −0.25 | 11,714 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Self-direction | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 11,717 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Stimulation | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.02 | 11,697 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Denmark | Hedonism | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 11,703 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Achievement | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 19,557 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Power | +0.07 | +0.06 | +0.09 | 19,572 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Security | +0.09 | +0.08 | +0.11 | 19,559 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Conformity | +0.13 | +0.12 | +0.15 | 19,562 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Tradition | +0.12 | +0.10 | +0.14 | 19,559 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 19,565 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Universalism | −0.19 | −0.20 | −0.17 | 19,570 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Self-direction | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 19,571 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Stimulation | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.04 | 19,560 | n/a | Western Europe |
| United Kingdom | Hedonism | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 19,555 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Achievement | +0.03 | +0.02 | +0.05 | 18,948 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Power | +0.11 | +0.10 | +0.13 | 18,962 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Security | 0.00 | −0.01 | +0.02 | 18,955 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Conformity | +0.11 | +0.10 | +0.13 | 18,933 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Tradition | +0.12 | +0.10 | +0.13 | 18,941 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Benevolence | −0.08 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 18,923 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Universalism | −0.20 | −0.21 | −0.18 | 18,968 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Self-direction | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 18,965 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Stimulation | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 18,939 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Finland | Hedonism | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 18,928 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Achievement | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.02 | 4,430 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Power | +0.15 | +0.12 | +0.18 | 4,436 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Security | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.05 | 4,428 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Conformity | +0.10 | +0.07 | +0.14 | 4,429 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Tradition | +0.12 | +0.09 | +0.15 | 4,434 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Benevolence | −0.08 | −0.11 | −0.05 | 4,435 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Universalism | −0.25 | −0.28 | −0.22 | 4,437 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Self-direction | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.02 | 4,436 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Stimulation | −0.01 | −0.05 | +0.02 | 4,433 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Iceland | Hedonism | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | 4,431 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Achievement | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.01 | 19,303 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Power | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 19,308 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Security | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.09 | 19,306 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Conformity | +0.15 | +0.13 | +0.17 | 19,292 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Tradition | +0.11 | +0.09 | +0.12 | 19,306 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Benevolence | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.04 | 19,287 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Universalism | −0.10 | −0.11 | −0.08 | 19,311 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Self-direction | −0.08 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 19,307 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Stimulation | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 19,301 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Ireland | Hedonism | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 19,287 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Achievement | +0.02 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 16,216 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Power | +0.14 | +0.12 | +0.16 | 16,225 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Security | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.03 | 16,219 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Conformity | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.07 | 16,223 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Tradition | +0.06 | +0.05 | +0.08 | 16,216 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Benevolence | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 16,212 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Universalism | −0.26 | −0.27 | −0.24 | 16,231 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Self-direction | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.01 | 16,220 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Stimulation | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 16,221 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Norway | Hedonism | +0.02 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 16,209 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Achievement | +0.02 | −0.01 | +0.04 | 12,385 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Power | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 12,396 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Security | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 12,395 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Conformity | +0.11 | +0.09 | +0.13 | 12,391 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Tradition | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.09 | 12,396 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Benevolence | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | 12,396 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Universalism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.05 | 12,397 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Self-direction | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 12,395 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Stimulation | −0.08 | −0.10 | −0.06 | 12,391 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Greece | Hedonism | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.01 | 12,393 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.02 | 17,920 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Power | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.08 | 17,920 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Security | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.09 | 17,922 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Conformity | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.08 | 17,919 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Tradition | +0.04 | +0.02 | +0.05 | 17,921 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Benevolence | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 17,921 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Universalism | −0.17 | −0.18 | −0.15 | 17,923 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Self-direction | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 17,919 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Stimulation | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 17,921 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Belgium | Hedonism | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.02 | 17,921 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Achievement | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.05 | 8,517 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Power | +0.09 | +0.06 | +0.11 | 8,528 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Security | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.11 | 8,531 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Conformity | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.06 | 8,514 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Tradition | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.05 | 8,535 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Benevolence | −0.09 | −0.12 | −0.07 | 8,535 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Universalism | −0.19 | −0.21 | −0.16 | 8,539 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 8,521 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Stimulation | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.04 | 8,525 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Italy | Hedonism | +0.04 | +0.01 | +0.06 | 8,527 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Achievement | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.05 | 15,308 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Power | +0.17 | +0.15 | +0.19 | 15,309 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Security | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.05 | 15,305 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Conformity | +0.09 | +0.08 | +0.11 | 15,305 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Tradition | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 15,308 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Benevolence | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 15,276 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Universalism | −0.23 | −0.25 | −0.22 | 15,326 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Self-direction | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 15,313 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Stimulation | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 15,312 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Sweden | Hedonism | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 15,302 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Achievement | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.02 | 14,498 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Power | +0.04 | +0.02 | +0.06 | 14,519 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Security | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.05 | 14,508 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Conformity | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.08 | 14,495 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Tradition | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 14,513 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Benevolence | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 14,518 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Universalism | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 14,518 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Self-direction | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.03 | 14,513 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Stimulation | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 14,508 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Portugal | Hedonism | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 14,500 | n/a | Western Europe |
| Croatia | Achievement | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | 6,686 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Power | +0.02 | −0.01 | +0.05 | 6,690 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Security | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.08 | 6,687 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Conformity | +0.08 | +0.05 | +0.10 | 6,681 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Tradition | +0.19 | +0.16 | +0.21 | 6,684 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Benevolence | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 6,683 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Universalism | −0.06 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 6,694 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Self-direction | −0.10 | −0.13 | −0.07 | 6,687 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Stimulation | −0.06 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 6,683 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Croatia | Hedonism | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.01 | 6,680 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Achievement | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 11,283 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Power | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.05 | 11,291 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Security | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 11,288 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Conformity | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.10 | 11,286 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Tradition | +0.15 | +0.13 | +0.17 | 11,288 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Benevolence | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 11,286 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Universalism | −0.10 | −0.12 | −0.08 | 11,293 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Self-direction | −0.08 | −0.10 | −0.06 | 11,289 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Stimulation | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 11,284 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovenia | Hedonism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 11,283 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Achievement | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 14,177 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Power | +0.02 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 14,199 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Security | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 14,198 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Conformity | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.09 | 14,182 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Tradition | +0.14 | +0.12 | +0.15 | 14,196 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Benevolence | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 14,187 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Universalism | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 14,205 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Self-direction | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.04 | 14,197 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Stimulation | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 14,192 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Poland | Hedonism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.06 | 14,180 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Achievement | +0.03 | −0.02 | +0.08 | 2,972 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Power | −0.06 | −0.11 | −0.02 | 2,972 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Security | +0.10 | +0.05 | +0.15 | 2,972 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Conformity | −0.03 | −0.08 | +0.01 | 2,967 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Tradition | +0.01 | −0.04 | +0.06 | 2,972 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Benevolence | +0.08 | +0.03 | +0.12 | 2,971 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Universalism | +0.04 | 0.00 | +0.09 | 2,976 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Self-direction | −0.04 | −0.09 | 0.00 | 2,976 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Stimulation | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.00 | 2,969 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Montenegro | Hedonism | −0.03 | −0.08 | +0.02 | 2,967 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Achievement | +0.01 | 0.00 | +0.03 | 15,163 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Power | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.06 | 15,176 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Security | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 15,172 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Conformity | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 15,169 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Tradition | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 15,177 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Benevolence | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.02 | 15,164 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Universalism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.05 | 15,179 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Self-direction | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 15,185 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Stimulation | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 15,166 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Hungary | Hedonism | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 15,170 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Achievement | +0.10 | +0.07 | +0.13 | 7,211 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Power | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.06 | 7,233 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Security | −0.06 | −0.09 | −0.03 | 7,232 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Conformity | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.02 | 7,216 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Tradition | −0.02 | −0.05 | +0.01 | 7,235 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Benevolence | −0.02 | −0.05 | +0.01 | 7,229 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Universalism | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.04 | 7,251 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Self-direction | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.02 | 7,232 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Stimulation | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.06 | 7,224 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Ukraine | Hedonism | +0.06 | +0.03 | +0.09 | 7,196 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Achievement | −0.03 | −0.08 | +0.02 | 2,294 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Power | +0.01 | −0.04 | +0.05 | 2,298 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Security | −0.04 | −0.08 | +0.01 | 2,295 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Conformity | 0.00 | −0.05 | +0.05 | 2,295 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Tradition | +0.05 | 0.00 | +0.10 | 2,298 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Benevolence | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.00 | 2,299 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Universalism | −0.07 | −0.11 | −0.02 | 2,298 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Self-direction | −0.02 | −0.07 | +0.03 | 2,299 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Stimulation | +0.04 | −0.01 | +0.09 | 2,292 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Serbia | Hedonism | +0.06 | +0.01 | +0.11 | 2,295 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.04 | 9,097 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Power | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 9,117 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Security | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.03 | 9,112 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Conformity | +0.02 | −0.01 | +0.04 | 9,101 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Tradition | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.02 | 9,121 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Benevolence | −0.01 | −0.03 | +0.02 | 9,104 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Universalism | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 9,126 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Self-direction | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.04 | 9,120 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Stimulation | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.01 | 9,113 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Lithuania | Hedonism | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.06 | 9,113 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Achievement | +0.06 | −0.04 | +0.15 | 879 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Power | −0.01 | −0.11 | +0.09 | 877 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Security | −0.05 | −0.14 | +0.05 | 878 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Conformity | +0.01 | −0.08 | +0.11 | 878 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Tradition | −0.01 | −0.10 | +0.09 | 878 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Benevolence | +0.01 | −0.08 | +0.11 | 877 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Universalism | −0.03 | −0.12 | +0.07 | 879 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Self-direction | +0.05 | −0.05 | +0.14 | 879 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Stimulation | −0.03 | −0.13 | +0.07 | 878 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| North Macedonia | Hedonism | +0.01 | −0.09 | +0.11 | 878 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Achievement | +0.03 | −0.02 | +0.07 | 3,133 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Power | +0.02 | −0.03 | +0.06 | 3,134 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Security | −0.01 | −0.06 | +0.03 | 3,135 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Conformity | −0.02 | −0.06 | +0.02 | 3,130 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Tradition | −0.03 | −0.08 | +0.01 | 3,137 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Benevolence | +0.03 | −0.01 | +0.07 | 3,132 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Universalism | −0.05 | −0.09 | −0.01 | 3,138 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Self-direction | 0.00 | −0.05 | +0.04 | 3,137 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Stimulation | +0.04 | 0.00 | +0.08 | 3,134 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Latvia | Hedonism | +0.03 | −0.02 | +0.07 | 3,134 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Achievement | −0.06 | −0.16 | +0.03 | 806 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Power | −0.07 | −0.16 | +0.02 | 807 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Security | +0.10 | +0.01 | +0.19 | 804 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Conformity | +0.04 | −0.06 | +0.13 | 802 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Tradition | +0.06 | −0.04 | +0.15 | 808 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Benevolence | +0.02 | −0.07 | +0.11 | 807 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Universalism | +0.01 | −0.08 | +0.11 | 808 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Self-direction | +0.06 | −0.03 | +0.15 | 806 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Stimulation | +0.01 | −0.08 | +0.11 | 801 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Kosovo | Hedonism | −0.11 | −0.20 | −0.01 | 804 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Achievement | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.06 | 7,967 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Power | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.04 | 7,982 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Security | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | 7,982 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Conformity | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.01 | 7,969 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Tradition | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 7,985 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Benevolence | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.03 | 7,975 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Universalism | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 7,992 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Self-direction | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.03 | 7,986 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Stimulation | +0.04 | +0.01 | +0.07 | 7,962 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Russia | Hedonism | +0.06 | +0.03 | +0.08 | 7,962 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Achievement | +0.03 | −0.03 | +0.09 | 1,463 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Power | +0.05 | −0.01 | +0.11 | 1,462 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Security | −0.04 | −0.10 | +0.02 | 1,463 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Conformity | +0.01 | −0.04 | +0.07 | 1,463 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Tradition | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.04 | 1,464 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Benevolence | −0.06 | −0.12 | −0.01 | 1,462 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Universalism | −0.06 | −0.11 | 0.00 | 1,464 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Self-direction | +0.04 | −0.02 | +0.10 | 1,464 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Stimulation | +0.05 | 0.00 | +0.11 | 1,463 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Romania | Hedonism | +0.04 | −0.02 | +0.10 | 1,463 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.07 | +0.10 | 1,031 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Power | −0.05 | −0.13 | +0.04 | 1,040 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Security | −0.05 | −0.13 | +0.04 | 1,037 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Conformity | −0.02 | −0.11 | +0.06 | 1,035 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Tradition | +0.06 | −0.02 | +0.15 | 1,039 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Benevolence | +0.02 | −0.06 | +0.11 | 1,034 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Universalism | +0.06 | −0.03 | +0.14 | 1,041 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Self-direction | −0.05 | −0.13 | +0.03 | 1,035 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Stimulation | +0.04 | −0.04 | +0.13 | 1,022 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Albania | Hedonism | −0.01 | −0.09 | +0.08 | 1,032 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Achievement | −0.01 | −0.02 | +0.01 | 15,020 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Power | −0.01 | −0.02 | +0.01 | 15,027 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Security | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 15,026 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Conformity | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 15,020 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Tradition | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.03 | 15,028 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Benevolence | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.03 | 15,024 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Universalism | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | 15,033 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Self-direction | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.07 | 15,025 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Stimulation | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.08 | 15,015 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Estonia | Hedonism | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.09 | 15,016 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Achievement | +0.10 | +0.08 | +0.12 | 10,981 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Power | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.11 | 10,980 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Security | −0.12 | −0.14 | −0.10 | 10,989 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Conformity | −0.13 | −0.15 | −0.10 | 10,973 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Tradition | −0.14 | −0.16 | −0.12 | 10,982 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Benevolence | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.01 | 10,975 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Universalism | −0.06 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 10,993 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Self-direction | +0.09 | +0.07 | +0.11 | 10,988 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Stimulation | +0.12 | +0.09 | +0.14 | 10,979 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Slovakia | Hedonism | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.11 | 10,977 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Achievement | +0.12 | +0.10 | +0.14 | 17,119 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Power | +0.09 | +0.07 | +0.11 | 17,142 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Security | −0.16 | −0.17 | −0.14 | 17,139 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Conformity | −0.16 | −0.18 | −0.15 | 17,122 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Tradition | −0.15 | −0.17 | −0.13 | 17,130 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Benevolence | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.04 | 17,135 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Universalism | −0.11 | −0.13 | −0.10 | 17,162 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Self-direction | +0.13 | +0.12 | +0.15 | 17,060 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Stimulation | +0.16 | +0.14 | +0.18 | 17,117 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Czechia | Hedonism | +0.13 | +0.11 | +0.14 | 17,116 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Achievement | +0.09 | +0.06 | +0.11 | 11,580 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Power | +0.14 | +0.12 | +0.16 | 11,602 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Security | −0.17 | −0.19 | −0.15 | 11,607 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Conformity | −0.17 | −0.20 | −0.15 | 11,578 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Tradition | −0.21 | −0.23 | −0.18 | 11,615 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Benevolence | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.06 | 11,590 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Universalism | −0.15 | −0.18 | −0.13 | 11,618 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Self-direction | +0.15 | +0.13 | +0.17 | 11,581 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Stimulation | +0.18 | +0.16 | +0.20 | 11,560 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Bulgaria | Hedonism | +0.17 | +0.15 | +0.19 | 11,563 | n/a | Post-communist Europe |
| Turkey | Achievement | −0.01 | −0.05 | +0.03 | 3,449 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Power | +0.05 | +0.01 | +0.09 | 3,462 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Security | +0.08 | +0.04 | +0.12 | 3,454 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Conformity | +0.12 | +0.08 | +0.16 | 3,450 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Tradition | +0.12 | +0.08 | +0.16 | 3,457 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Benevolence | +0.07 | +0.03 | +0.10 | 3,460 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Universalism | −0.04 | −0.08 | 0.00 | 3,466 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Self-direction | −0.06 | −0.09 | −0.02 | 3,446 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Stimulation | −0.11 | −0.15 | −0.07 | 3,449 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Turkey | Hedonism | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.08 | 3,445 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Achievement | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 13,802 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Power | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 13,829 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Security | +0.07 | +0.05 | +0.09 | 13,814 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Conformity | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 13,795 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Tradition | +0.14 | +0.12 | +0.16 | 13,806 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Benevolence | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 13,768 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Universalism | −0.15 | −0.17 | −0.13 | 13,832 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Self-direction | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 13,824 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Stimulation | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 13,792 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Israel | Hedonism | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 13,779 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Achievement | +0.04 | +0.01 | +0.08 | 4,629 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Power | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.05 | 4,636 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Security | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.04 | 4,636 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Conformity | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.04 | 4,624 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Tradition | −0.02 | −0.06 | +0.01 | 4,634 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Benevolence | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.03 | 4,635 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Universalism | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.01 | 4,634 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Self-direction | −0.01 | −0.05 | +0.02 | 4,632 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Stimulation | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.05 | 4,630 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |
| Cyprus | Hedonism | +0.05 | +0.01 | +0.08 | 4,632 | n/a | Cyprus, Israel, Turkey |

Views: Post-communist Europe (in_post_view = true); Western Europe (group = Western Europe); All countries (is_country = true).

Note: Every country cell rests on an effective sample of at least 300 respondents. Hover for the interval and the sample size.

Note: The Western mean row is the mean of the 18 Western country correlations, with a 95% interval from resampling countries.

Source: European Social Survey, rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024; weighted (analysis weight within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/country_value_heatmap.json

### Table 4. By the 95% interval, conservation values go with the right in 4 post-communist countries and with the left in 7

Correlation between conservation values (conformity, tradition and security) and left-right self-placement, by post-communist country, with the Western and post-communist means; 95% intervals; ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024

| conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | label | metric | n_units |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | --- | ---: |
| 0.161 | 0.111 | 0.135 | Western mean | Western mean | Conservation | 18 |
| 0.027 | −0.073 | −0.020 | Post-communist mean | Post-communist mean | Conservation | 18 |
| 0.184 | 0.131 | 0.158 | Interval above zero (leans right) | Croatia | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.154 | 0.117 | 0.136 | Interval above zero (leans right) | Slovenia | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.136 | 0.102 | 0.119 | Interval above zero (leans right) | Poland | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.187 | 0.004 | 0.096 | Interval above zero (leans right) | Kosovo | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.084 | −0.013 | 0.036 | Interval includes zero | Montenegro | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.060 | −0.038 | 0.011 | Interval includes zero | Serbia | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.034 | −0.019 | 0.008 | Interval includes zero | Lithuania | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.086 | −0.082 | 0.002 | Interval includes zero | Albania | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.007 | −0.030 | −0.011 | Interval includes zero | Hungary | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.079 | −0.115 | −0.019 | Interval includes zero | North Macedonia | Conservation | n/a |
| 0.005 | −0.079 | −0.037 | Interval includes zero | Latvia | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.015 | −0.072 | −0.043 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Russia | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.029 | −0.089 | −0.059 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Ukraine | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.002 | −0.118 | −0.061 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Romania | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.047 | −0.080 | −0.063 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Estonia | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.153 | −0.198 | −0.176 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Slovakia | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.201 | −0.235 | −0.218 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Czechia | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.220 | −0.262 | −0.241 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Bulgaria | Conservation | n/a |
| −0.162 | −0.224 | −0.193 | Western mean | Western mean | Universalism | 18 |
| −0.024 | −0.071 | −0.049 | Post-communist mean | Post-communist mean | Universalism | 18 |
| −0.133 | −0.176 | −0.155 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Bulgaria | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.096 | −0.131 | −0.114 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Czechia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.079 | −0.117 | −0.098 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Slovenia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.055 | −0.091 | −0.073 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Hungary | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.038 | −0.094 | −0.066 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Russia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.017 | −0.115 | −0.066 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Serbia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.035 | −0.095 | −0.065 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Ukraine | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.037 | −0.091 | −0.064 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Croatia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.040 | −0.086 | −0.063 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Slovakia | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.002 | −0.114 | −0.056 | Interval includes zero | Romania | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.010 | −0.095 | −0.053 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Latvia | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.035 | −0.068 | −0.051 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Estonia | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.069 | −0.125 | −0.028 | Interval includes zero | North Macedonia | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.003 | −0.051 | −0.024 | Interval includes zero | Lithuania | Universalism | n/a |
| −0.001 | −0.035 | −0.018 | Interval below zero (leans left) | Poland | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.105 | −0.080 | 0.013 | Interval includes zero | Kosovo | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.092 | −0.005 | 0.044 | Interval includes zero | Montenegro | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.142 | −0.026 | 0.059 | Interval includes zero | Albania | Universalism | n/a |
| 0.094 | 0.074 | 0.084 | Western mean | Western mean | Alignment | 18 |
| 0.015 | −0.016 | 0.000 | Post-communist mean | Post-communist mean | Alignment | 18 |
| 0.077 | 0.057 | 0.067 | Interval above zero (predicted sides) | Croatia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.070 | 0.053 | 0.062 | Interval above zero (predicted sides) | Slovenia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.047 | Interval above zero (predicted sides) | Poland | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.030 | −0.010 | 0.010 | Interval includes zero | Montenegro | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.010 | Interval above zero (predicted sides) | Hungary | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.018 | −0.004 | 0.007 | Interval includes zero | Ukraine | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.027 | −0.016 | 0.006 | Interval includes zero | Serbia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.016 | −0.008 | 0.004 | Interval includes zero | Lithuania | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.040 | −0.032 | 0.002 | Interval includes zero | North Macedonia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.016 | −0.018 | −0.002 | Interval includes zero | Latvia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.046 | −0.042 | −0.003 | Interval includes zero | Kosovo | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.007 | −0.014 | −0.004 | Interval includes zero | Russia | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.016 | −0.034 | −0.010 | Interval includes zero | Romania | Alignment | n/a |
| 0.016 | −0.040 | −0.011 | Interval includes zero | Albania | Alignment | n/a |
| −0.019 | −0.034 | −0.026 | Interval below zero (opposite sides) | Estonia | Alignment | n/a |
| −0.035 | −0.052 | −0.044 | Interval below zero (opposite sides) | Slovakia | Alignment | n/a |
| −0.048 | −0.062 | −0.055 | Interval below zero (opposite sides) | Czechia | Alignment | n/a |
| −0.054 | −0.071 | −0.062 | Interval below zero (opposite sides) | Bulgaria | Alignment | n/a |

Views: Conservation (metric = Conservation); Universalism (metric = Universalism); Alignment score (metric = Alignment).

Note: The two mean rows are means of country correlations with a 95% interval from resampling countries; country rows use the Fisher z interval on the effective sample size.

Note: Country cells need an effective sample of 300 respondents or more.

Source: European Social Survey, rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024; weighted (analysis weight within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/post_communist_countries.json

### Table 5. The mean correlation has the predicted sign for all 9 items with a predicted side in the highest-HDI third of countries and for 4 of them in the lowest third

Mean across countries of the correlation between each value item and left-right self-placement (0 = left, 10 = right), by third of countries on the Human Development Index (HDI); items centred on each respondent's mean rating; WVS waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016; 95% intervals from resampling countries

| Item | Item wording | Countries | Coding | Mean correlation | Interval low | Interval high | Countries in the mean | Countries on the predicted side | Countries with the interval on the predicted side |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Conformity (behaving well) | It is important to this person to always behave properly | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.08 | 23 | 19 | 15 |
| Tradition | Tradition is important to this person | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.12 | +0.09 | +0.15 | 23 | 23 | 18 |
| Security (safety) | It is important to this person to live in secure surroundings | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.03 | 0.00 | +0.05 | 23 | 15 | 7 |
| Power (wealth) | It is important to this person to be rich | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.05 | +0.02 | +0.07 | 23 | 16 | 9 |
| Achievement (success) | It is important to this person to be very successful | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 23 | 11 | 3 |
| Hedonism (good time) | It is important to this person to have a good time | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.04 | 23 | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation (adventure) | It is important to this person to seek adventure and take risks | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.03 | 23 | 20 | 11 |
| Self-direction (new ideas) | It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.08 | −0.10 | −0.05 | 23 | 22 | 14 |
| Universalism (environment) | It is important to this person to look after the environment | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.10 | −0.14 | −0.07 | 23 | 20 | 15 |
| Benevolence (helping others) | It is important to this person to help the people nearby | Highest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 21 | 17 | 11 |
| Conformity (behaving well) | It is important to this person to always behave properly | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.02 | 23 | 13 | 4 |
| Tradition | Tradition is important to this person | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.02 | −0.01 | +0.05 | 23 | 15 | 8 |
| Security (safety) | It is important to this person to live in secure surroundings | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.05 | +0.01 | 23 | 11 | 2 |
| Power (wealth) | It is important to this person to be rich | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.03 | 23 | 14 | 4 |
| Achievement (success) | It is important to this person to be very successful | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.03 | 23 | 17 | 3 |
| Hedonism (good time) | It is important to this person to have a good time | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.04 | 23 | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation (adventure) | It is important to this person to seek adventure and take risks | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.02 | 23 | 12 | 8 |
| Self-direction (new ideas) | It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.01 | 23 | 12 | 7 |
| Universalism (environment) | It is important to this person to look after the environment | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 23 | 17 | 5 |
| Benevolence (helping others) | It is important to this person to help the people nearby | Middle third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 17 | 14 | 5 |
| Conformity (behaving well) | It is important to this person to always behave properly | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.01 | −0.02 | +0.04 | 24 | 12 | 4 |
| Tradition | Tradition is important to this person | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.04 | +0.01 | +0.07 | 24 | 17 | 8 |
| Security (safety) | It is important to this person to live in secure surroundings | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 24 | 6 | 2 |
| Power (wealth) | It is important to this person to be rich | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.02 | 24 | 10 | 4 |
| Achievement (success) | It is important to this person to be very successful | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 24 | 11 | 2 |
| Hedonism (good time) | It is important to this person to have a good time | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.04 | +0.01 | 24 | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation (adventure) | It is important to this person to seek adventure and take risks | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.01 | −0.04 | +0.02 | 24 | 14 | 6 |
| Self-direction (new ideas) | It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.03 | 24 | 10 | 4 |
| Universalism (environment) | It is important to this person to look after the environment | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.04 | +0.01 | +0.06 | 24 | 7 | 1 |
| Benevolence (helping others) | It is important to this person to help the people nearby | Lowest third by HDI | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.03 | +0.03 | 19 | 11 | 5 |
| Conformity (behaving well) | It is important to this person to always behave properly | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.02 | 0.00 | +0.04 | 71 | 45 | 24 |
| Tradition | Tradition is important to this person | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.06 | +0.04 | +0.08 | 71 | 56 | 35 |
| Security (safety) | It is important to this person to live in secure surroundings | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.01 | −0.02 | +0.01 | 71 | 33 | 12 |
| Power (wealth) | It is important to this person to be rich | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | +0.02 | +0.01 | +0.03 | 71 | 41 | 17 |
| Achievement (success) | It is important to this person to be very successful | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | 0.00 | −0.01 | +0.01 | 71 | 39 | 8 |
| Hedonism (good time) | It is important to this person to have a good time | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 71 | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation (adventure) | It is important to this person to seek adventure and take risks | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 71 | 47 | 26 |
| Self-direction (new ideas) | It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 71 | 45 | 26 |
| Universalism (environment) | It is important to this person to look after the environment | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 71 | 44 | 21 |
| Benevolence (helping others) | It is important to this person to help the people nearby | All countries | Centred on the respondent's mean | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 58 | 42 | 21 |
| Conformity (behaving well) | It is important to this person to always behave properly | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 71 | 52 | 28 |
| Tradition | Tradition is important to this person | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.08 | +0.06 | +0.10 | 71 | 59 | 41 |
| Security (safety) | It is important to this person to live in secure surroundings | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 71 | 49 | 20 |
| Power (wealth) | It is important to this person to be rich | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.05 | +0.03 | +0.06 | 71 | 53 | 26 |
| Achievement (success) | It is important to this person to be very successful | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.03 | +0.01 | +0.04 | 71 | 44 | 20 |
| Hedonism (good time) | It is important to this person to have a good time | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 71 | n/a | n/a |
| Stimulation (adventure) | It is important to this person to seek adventure and take risks | All countries | Uncentred items | 0.00 | −0.01 | +0.02 | 71 | 34 | 17 |
| Self-direction (new ideas) | It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative | All countries | Uncentred items | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.02 | 71 | 36 | 17 |
| Universalism (environment) | It is important to this person to look after the environment | All countries | Uncentred items | +0.01 | −0.01 | +0.03 | 71 | 32 | 15 |
| Benevolence (helping others) | It is important to this person to help the people nearby | All countries | Uncentred items | 0.00 | −0.02 | +0.01 | 58 | 32 | 10 |

Views: By HDI third (view = thirds); All countries (view = all); Uncentred items (view = uncentred).

Note: Each estimate is the mean of country correlations, every country counted once. Countries without a Human Development Index value (Taiwan) are in the all-countries and uncentred views only.

Note: Benevolence is estimated in fewer countries: no respondent answered the item in 13 countries and territories, and a subsample answered it in 20.

Note: Item labels are short forms; the wording of each item is in the data table. In a tooltip, n is the number of countries in the mean.

Note: Country cells need an effective sample of 300 respondents or more.

Source: World Values Survey, waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016; weighted (S017 within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/wvs_items_by_hdi.json

### Table 6. Values sit on their predicted sides in 30 of 71 countries and on the opposite sides in 9

Average correlation between eight values and left-right self-placement, signed so that a positive score is the side the theory predicts; WVS waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016

| Country | ISO code | Interval of the score | Alignment score | Interval low | Interval high | Respondents |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Algeria | DZA | Includes zero | +0.032 | −0.003 | +0.069 | 496 |
| Andorra | AND | Above zero | +0.103 | +0.071 | +0.133 | 906 |
| Argentina | ARG | Above zero | +0.092 | +0.070 | +0.115 | 1,438 |
| Armenia | ARM | Includes zero | −0.010 | −0.041 | +0.022 | 629 |
| Australia | AUS | Above zero | +0.082 | +0.063 | +0.100 | 2,683 |
| Azerbaijan | AZE | Includes zero | +0.009 | −0.024 | +0.040 | 1,001 |
| Belarus | BLR | Includes zero | −0.019 | −0.041 | +0.003 | 1,454 |
| Brazil | BRA | Above zero | +0.031 | +0.016 | +0.046 | 2,517 |
| Bulgaria | BGR | Includes zero | −0.019 | −0.051 | +0.014 | 634 |
| Burkina Faso | BFA | Above zero | +0.024 | +0.002 | +0.047 | 958 |
| Canada | CAN | Above zero | +0.095 | +0.066 | +0.120 | 1,585 |
| Chile | CHL | Above zero | +0.032 | +0.011 | +0.055 | 1,319 |
| Colombia | COL | Above zero | +0.037 | +0.017 | +0.056 | 1,238 |
| Cyprus | CYP | Includes zero | +0.017 | −0.001 | +0.035 | 1,846 |
| Ecuador | ECU | Includes zero | +0.014 | −0.006 | +0.035 | 1,140 |
| Egypt | EGY | Below zero | −0.041 | −0.057 | −0.025 | 4,209 |
| Estonia | EST | Below zero | −0.026 | −0.049 | −0.002 | 1,230 |
| Ethiopia | ETH | Includes zero | −0.020 | −0.046 | +0.004 | 1,249 |
| Finland | FIN | Above zero | +0.043 | +0.016 | +0.072 | 887 |
| France | FRA | Above zero | +0.052 | +0.022 | +0.078 | 905 |
| Georgia | GEO | Below zero | −0.020 | −0.040 | −0.002 | 1,594 |
| Germany | DEU | Above zero | +0.065 | +0.044 | +0.085 | 3,523 |
| Ghana | GHA | Includes zero | −0.001 | −0.018 | +0.018 | 2,299 |
| Haiti | HTI | Includes zero | −0.009 | −0.026 | +0.009 | 1,932 |
| Hong Kong SAR | HKG | Includes zero | −0.009 | −0.031 | +0.015 | 964 |
| Hungary | HUN | Includes zero | −0.006 | −0.028 | +0.017 | 856 |
| India | IND | Includes zero | +0.011 | −0.003 | +0.022 | 3,515 |
| Indonesia | IDN | Includes zero | +0.015 | −0.007 | +0.036 | 1,339 |
| Iraq | IRQ | Includes zero | +0.010 | −0.019 | +0.037 | 936 |
| Japan | JPN | Above zero | +0.066 | +0.048 | +0.084 | 2,237 |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ | Includes zero | +0.004 | −0.014 | +0.023 | 1,500 |
| Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | Includes zero | −0.010 | −0.028 | +0.008 | 1,435 |
| Lebanon | LBN | Includes zero | −0.008 | −0.037 | +0.018 | 750 |
| Libya | LBY | Includes zero | −0.001 | −0.026 | +0.021 | 1,319 |
| Malaysia | MYS | Below zero | −0.050 | −0.070 | −0.031 | 1,300 |
| Mali | MLI | Below zero | −0.029 | −0.049 | −0.010 | 977 |
| Mexico | MEX | Above zero | +0.022 | +0.010 | +0.034 | 3,127 |
| Moldova | MDA | Below zero | −0.045 | −0.073 | −0.018 | 786 |
| Morocco | MAR | Includes zero | −0.002 | −0.031 | +0.027 | 685 |
| Netherlands | NLD | Above zero | +0.109 | +0.090 | +0.126 | 2,470 |
| New Zealand | NZL | Above zero | +0.110 | +0.069 | +0.150 | 583 |
| Nigeria | NGA | Below zero | −0.031 | −0.052 | −0.010 | 1,759 |
| Norway | NOR | Above zero | +0.079 | +0.054 | +0.106 | 991 |
| Pakistan | PAK | Includes zero | −0.021 | −0.053 | +0.008 | 1,129 |
| Palestine | PSE | Includes zero | +0.009 | −0.017 | +0.036 | 705 |
| Peru | PER | Includes zero | +0.001 | −0.014 | +0.016 | 2,022 |
| Philippines | PHL | Includes zero | 0.000 | −0.024 | +0.022 | 1,186 |
| Poland | POL | Above zero | +0.057 | +0.037 | +0.079 | 1,428 |
| Romania | ROU | Below zero | −0.022 | −0.039 | −0.006 | 1,822 |
| Russia | RUS | Includes zero | −0.009 | −0.032 | +0.014 | 903 |
| Rwanda | RWA | Includes zero | +0.012 | −0.001 | +0.027 | 2,456 |
| Serbia | SRB | Includes zero | −0.023 | −0.050 | +0.003 | 815 |
| Slovenia | SVN | Above zero | +0.053 | +0.031 | +0.075 | 1,304 |
| South Africa | ZAF | Includes zero | −0.013 | −0.027 | +0.001 | 5,449 |
| South Korea | KOR | Above zero | +0.088 | +0.065 | +0.113 | 2,347 |
| Spain | ESP | Above zero | +0.072 | +0.052 | +0.090 | 2,013 |
| Sweden | SWE | Above zero | +0.083 | +0.062 | +0.104 | 2,053 |
| Switzerland | CHE | Above zero | +0.109 | +0.084 | +0.136 | 1,083 |
| Taiwan ROC | TWN | Above zero | +0.047 | +0.030 | +0.064 | 2,308 |
| Thailand | THA | Includes zero | 0.000 | −0.014 | +0.012 | 2,664 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TTO | Above zero | +0.027 | +0.006 | +0.048 | 1,177 |
| Tunisia | TUN | Above zero | +0.052 | +0.022 | +0.079 | 667 |
| Turkey | TUR | Above zero | +0.053 | +0.037 | +0.070 | 2,491 |
| Ukraine | UKR | Includes zero | −0.016 | −0.032 | +0.002 | 2,026 |
| United Kingdom | GBR | Above zero | +0.067 | +0.038 | +0.091 | 857 |
| United States | USA | Above zero | +0.083 | +0.065 | +0.101 | 3,250 |
| Uruguay | URY | Above zero | +0.048 | +0.030 | +0.068 | 1,663 |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | Below zero | −0.033 | −0.064 | −0.002 | 566 |
| Vietnam | VNM | Above zero | +0.053 | +0.031 | +0.077 | 1,277 |
| Zambia | ZMB | Includes zero | −0.009 | −0.033 | +0.014 | 891 |
| Zimbabwe | ZWE | Includes zero | −0.012 | −0.037 | +0.013 | 1,500 |

Note: Jordan and Yemen have an effective sample below 300 respondents and draw as no data. China, Iran, Kuwait, Qatar and Singapore have no left-right answers with the value items.

Source: World Values Survey, waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016; weighted (S017 within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/alignment_map.json

### Table 7. Alignment is higher in countries with higher human development, with a correlation of +0.60 across 70 countries

Alignment of values with left-right self-placement against the Human Development Index, by country, World Values Survey, waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016

| alignment | country | ess_alignment | n | panel | region |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | --- | --- |
| −0.019 | Bulgaria | −0.062 | 634 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.017 | Cyprus | 0.011 | 1,846 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.026 | Estonia | −0.026 | 1,230 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.043 | Finland | 0.083 | 887 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.052 | France | 0.106 | 905 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.065 | Germany | 0.093 | 3,523 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.006 | Hungary | 0.010 | 856 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.109 | Netherlands | 0.105 | 2,470 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.079 | Norway | 0.070 | 991 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.057 | Poland | 0.047 | 1,428 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.022 | Romania | −0.010 | 1,822 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.009 | Russia | −0.004 | 903 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.023 | Serbia | 0.006 | 815 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.053 | Slovenia | 0.062 | 1,304 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.072 | Spain | 0.109 | 2,013 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.083 | Sweden | 0.059 | 2,053 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.109 | Switzerland | 0.132 | 1,083 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.053 | Turkey | 0.071 | 2,491 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.016 | Ukraine | 0.007 | 2,026 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.067 | United Kingdom | 0.083 | 857 | ess | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.032 | Algeria | n/a | 496 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| 0.103 | Andorra | n/a | 906 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.092 | Argentina | n/a | 1,438 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.010 | Armenia | n/a | 629 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.082 | Australia | n/a | 2,683 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.009 | Azerbaijan | n/a | 1,001 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.019 | Belarus | n/a | 1,454 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.031 | Brazil | n/a | 2,517 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.019 | Bulgaria | n/a | 634 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.024 | Burkina Faso | n/a | 958 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 0.095 | Canada | n/a | 1,585 | hdi | North America |
| 0.032 | Chile | n/a | 1,319 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 0.037 | Colombia | n/a | 1,238 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 0.017 | Cyprus | n/a | 1,846 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.014 | Ecuador | n/a | 1,140 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.041 | Egypt | n/a | 4,209 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| −0.026 | Estonia | n/a | 1,230 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.020 | Ethiopia | n/a | 1,249 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 0.043 | Finland | n/a | 887 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.052 | France | n/a | 905 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.020 | Georgia | n/a | 1,594 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.065 | Germany | n/a | 3,523 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.001 | Ghana | n/a | 2,299 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| −0.009 | Haiti | n/a | 1,932 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.009 | Hong Kong SAR | n/a | 964 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| −0.006 | Hungary | n/a | 856 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.011 | India | n/a | 3,515 | hdi | South Asia |
| 0.015 | Indonesia | n/a | 1,339 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.010 | Iraq | n/a | 936 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| 0.066 | Japan | n/a | 2,237 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.004 | Kazakhstan | n/a | 1,500 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.010 | Kyrgyzstan | n/a | 1,435 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.008 | Lebanon | n/a | 750 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| −0.001 | Libya | n/a | 1,319 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| −0.050 | Malaysia | n/a | 1,300 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| −0.029 | Mali | n/a | 977 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 0.022 | Mexico | n/a | 3,127 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.045 | Moldova | n/a | 786 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.002 | Morocco | n/a | 685 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| 0.109 | Netherlands | n/a | 2,470 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.110 | New Zealand | n/a | 583 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| −0.031 | Nigeria | n/a | 1,759 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 0.079 | Norway | n/a | 991 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.021 | Pakistan | n/a | 1,129 | hdi | South Asia |
| 0.009 | Palestine | n/a | 705 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| 0.001 | Peru | n/a | 2,022 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 0.000 | Philippines | n/a | 1,186 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.057 | Poland | n/a | 1,428 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.022 | Romania | n/a | 1,822 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.009 | Russia | n/a | 903 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.012 | Rwanda | n/a | 2,456 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| −0.023 | Serbia | n/a | 815 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.053 | Slovenia | n/a | 1,304 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.013 | South Africa | n/a | 5,449 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 0.088 | South Korea | n/a | 2,347 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.072 | Spain | n/a | 2,013 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.083 | Sweden | n/a | 2,053 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.109 | Switzerland | n/a | 1,083 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.000 | Thailand | n/a | 2,664 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| 0.027 | Trinidad and Tobago | n/a | 1,177 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 0.052 | Tunisia | n/a | 667 | hdi | Middle East & North Africa |
| 0.053 | Turkey | n/a | 2,491 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| −0.016 | Ukraine | n/a | 2,026 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.067 | United Kingdom | n/a | 857 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.083 | United States | n/a | 3,250 | hdi | North America |
| 0.048 | Uruguay | n/a | 1,663 | hdi | Latin America & Caribbean |
| −0.033 | Uzbekistan | n/a | 566 | hdi | Europe & Central Asia |
| 0.053 | Vietnam | n/a | 1,277 | hdi | East Asia & Pacific |
| −0.009 | Zambia | n/a | 891 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| −0.012 | Zimbabwe | n/a | 1,500 | hdi | Sub-Saharan Africa |

Views: Against human development (panel = hdi); Against the ESS (panel = ess).

Note: Taiwan has no Human Development Index value and is left out of the first view.

Note: The alignment score averages eight values in both surveys. The ESS scale has 21 items and the WVS scale has one item per value.

Note: The fit uses robust standard errors, which allow the spread around the line to differ across countries, and treats the countries as the sample.

Note: Country cells need an effective sample of 300 respondents or more.

Source: World Values Survey, waves 5 and 6, 2005-2016; weighted (S017 within each country, every country counted once across countries); Human Development Index from the country context file (one value per country); second view also uses the European Social Survey, rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024; weighted (analysis weight within each country, every country counted once across countries)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/alignment_hdi_agreement.json

## All estimates

Every fact in facts.json (101), sorted by id.

| Fact id | Value | Unit | Estimand | Population | Period | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Note |
| --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| al_post | 0.00 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | mean across countries of the alignment score (bootstrap over countries) | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.02 to 0.01 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| al_west | +0.08 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | mean across countries of the alignment score (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.07 to 0.09 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| alcount_post_above | 4 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| alcount_post_below | 4 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is below zero | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| alcount_post_includes | 10 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is including zero | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| alcount_west_above | 18 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| chance_count | 9 | countries | number of countries on the predicted side of a value if its correlation with left-right were zero in every country (half of the group) | countries in a European group of 18 (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (expected count) | European Social Survey |   |
| ciincl_post_ax_conservation | 7 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval including zero for Conservation | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| ciopp_post_ax_conservation | 7 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the opposite side of the predicted one for Conservation | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| ciopp_post_universalism | 0 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the opposite side of the predicted one for Universalism | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_post_ax_conservation | 4 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Conservation | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_post_conformity | 3 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Conformity | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_post_tradition | 4 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Tradition | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_post_universalism | 12 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Universalism | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_west_conformity | 18 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Conformity | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_west_tradition | 17 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Tradition | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| cipred_west_universalism | 18 | countries | count of countries with the 95% interval on the predicted side for Universalism | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_al_hu | +0.010 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | alignment score: mean of predicted sign x weighted correlation of left-right with eight values (respondent bootstrap) | respondents in Hungary with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI 0.004 to 0.016 | 15,197 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_bg | −0.24 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Bulgaria with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI −0.26 to −0.22 | 11,629 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_cz | −0.22 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Czechia with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI −0.23 to −0.20 | 17,177 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_hr | +0.16 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Croatia with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI 0.13 to 0.18 | 6,692 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_pl | +0.12 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Poland with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI 0.10 to 0.14 | 14,207 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_si | +0.14 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Slovenia with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI 0.12 to 0.15 | 11,293 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| ess_conservation_sk | −0.18 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | weighted correlation of left-right with Conservation | respondents in Slovakia with a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024 | 95% CI −0.20 to −0.15 | 10,996 | ESS analysis weight within the country | European Social Survey |   |
| hdi_cut_high | 0.83 | Human Development Index, from 0 to 1 | upper bound of the middle third of countries by the index (countries above it are in the highest third) | WVS countries with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (cut point) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| hdi_cut_low | 0.74 | Human Development Index, from 0 to 1 | upper bound of the lowest third of countries by the index | WVS countries with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (cut point) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| mean_post_ax_conservation | −0.02 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with higher-order axis Conservation (bootstrap over countries) | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.07 to 0.03 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_post_universalism | −0.05 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Universalism (bootstrap over countries) | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.07 to −0.02 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_achievement | +0.010 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Achievement (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.001 to 0.017 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_ax_conservation | +0.14 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with higher-order axis Conservation (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.11 to 0.16 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_ax_selftranscendence | −0.16 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with higher-order axis Self-transcendence (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.19 to −0.14 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_conformity | +0.11 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Conformity (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.09 to 0.13 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_hedonism | −0.02 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Hedonism (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.04 to −0.01 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_tradition | +0.10 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Tradition (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.08 to 0.12 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| mean_west_universalism | −0.19 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with value Universalism (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.22 to −0.16 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| n_ess_countries | 39 | countries | count of countries | countries in the ESS human-values sample | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_ess_resp | 432,669 | respondents | count of respondents | ESS respondents with a human-values score and a left-right answer | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_other | 3 | countries | count of countries in the group | Cyprus, Israel and Turkey (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_post | 18 | countries | count of countries in the group, fixed by history | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_pvq_items | 21 | items | count of items in the scale | ESS human-values scale (Portrait Values Questionnaire) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (constant) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_r10_no_items | 9 | countries | count of countries with no answered value item in round 10 | ESS countries with round 10 rows and no value items | ESS round 10, 2020-2022 |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_west | 18 | countries | count of countries in the group, fixed by geography and history | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| n_wvs_benev_none | 13 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories in which no respondent answered the benevolence item | WVS countries with the value items and a left-right answer | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_benev_part | 20 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories in which under 90% of respondents answered the benevolence item | WVS countries with the value items and a left-right answer | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_countries | 71 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories | WVS countries with an alignment score | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_dropped_resp | 555 | respondents | count of respondents with a left-right answer and all nine core value items in the countries that are dropped | WVS respondents in countries whose effective sample is below the floor | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_firm | 9 | items | count of items with a predicted side | WVS value items that have a predicted side | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_resp | 113,253 | respondents | count of respondents in the countries that are estimated (an effective sample of 300 or more) | WVS respondents with a left-right answer and all nine core value items in the countries with an alignment score | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| n_wvs_sample | 73 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories | WVS countries with the value items and a left-right answer | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| neff_floor | 300 | respondents (Kish effective sample size) | minimum effective sample for a country to be estimated | country-value cells | all fieldwork years |   |   | none (constant) | European Social Survey |   |
| pred_post_security | 6 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for Security | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| pred_post_universalism | 15 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for Universalism | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| pred_west_achievement | 12 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for Achievement | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| pri_post_conservation | 0.21 | points on the value scale (1 to 6 scale, centred on each respondent's mean rating) | mean across countries of the country mean of the centred conservation score (bootstrap over countries) | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 0.18 to 0.24 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| pri_west_conservation | 0.02 | points on the value scale (1 to 6 scale, centred on each respondent's mean rating) | mean across countries of the country mean of the centred conservation score (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.04 to 0.08 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| priority_loading_r | −0.43 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the country mean of the centred conservation score and the conservation loading (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | countries in the ESS human-values sample | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.65 to −0.13 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| priority_loading_r_post | +0.03 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across the countries of the group of the country mean of the centred conservation score and the conservation loading (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.44 to 0.49 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| priority_loading_r_west | −0.06 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across the countries of the group of the country mean of the centred conservation score and the conservation loading (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI −0.51 to 0.42 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| r11_agree_r | +0.92 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment estimated from round 11 alone and from rounds 1 to 10 (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | countries in ESS round 11 | ESS round 11 (2023-2024) against rounds 1 to 10 | 95% CI 0.84 to 0.96 |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| r11_cells_r | +0.77 | correlation across country-value cells, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across country-value cells of the loading estimated from round 11 alone and from rounds 1 to 10, after subtracting each value's mean across countries from each set of loadings (no interval: the ten cells of a country are not independent) | country-value cells in ESS round 11 | ESS round 11 (2023-2024) against rounds 1 to 10 |   |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| r11_n_countries | 30 | countries | count of countries | countries in ESS round 11 | ESS round 11, 2023-2024 |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| r2_west_universalism | 4% | percent of the variance of left-right placement | mean across countries of the squared within-country weighted correlation of left-right with universalism (bootstrap over countries) | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country | 95% CI 3% to 5% |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| sd_post_ax_conservation | 0.11 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | standard deviation across countries of the loading of left-right on higher-order axis Conservation | post-communist European countries (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| sd_west_ax_conservation | 0.06 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | standard deviation across countries of the loading of left-right on higher-order axis Conservation | countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe outside the former communist bloc (ESS) | ESS rounds 1 to 11, 2002-2024, rounds pooled within country |   |   | ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) within each country; every country counted once across countries | European Social Survey |   |
| wvs_al_egy | −0.04 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | alignment score: mean of predicted sign x weighted correlation of left-right with eight items, centred on the respondent's mean (respondent bootstrap) | respondents in Egypt with a left-right answer | WVS fieldwork 2008, 2013 | 95% CI −0.06 to −0.03 | 4,209 | WVS weight within the country | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_al_jpn | +0.07 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | alignment score: mean of predicted sign x weighted correlation of left-right with eight items, centred on the respondent's mean (respondent bootstrap) | respondents in Japan with a left-right answer | WVS fieldwork 2005, 2010 | 95% CI 0.05 to 0.08 | 2,237 | WVS weight within the country | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_al_mys | −0.05 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | alignment score: mean of predicted sign x weighted correlation of left-right with eight items, centred on the respondent's mean (respondent bootstrap) | respondents in Malaysia with a left-right answer | WVS fieldwork 2012 | 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03 | 1,300 | WVS weight within the country | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_al_usa | +0.08 | average signed loading (alignment), in correlation units | alignment score: mean of predicted sign x weighted correlation of left-right with eight items, centred on the respondent's mean (respondent bootstrap) | respondents in United States with a left-right answer | WVS fieldwork 2006, 2011 | 95% CI 0.06 to 0.10 | 3,250 | WVS weight within the country | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_all_above | 30 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_all_below | 9 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is below zero | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_all_includes | 32 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is including zero | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_high_above | 19 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | countries in the highest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_low_above | 3 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_low_below | 5 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is below zero | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_alcount_mid_above | 7 | countries | count of countries whose alignment interval is above zero | countries in the middle third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_ess_k | 20 | countries | count of countries | countries in both the ESS and the WVS value samples | ESS rounds 1 to 11 and WVS waves 5 and 6 |   |   | none (count) | European Social Survey |   |
| wvs_ess_r | +0.90 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment score from the ESS 21-item scale and from the WVS ten-item scale (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | countries in both the ESS and the WVS value samples | ESS rounds 1 to 11 and WVS waves 5 and 6 | 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96 |   | survey weight within each country | European Social Survey |   |
| wvs_hdi_k | 70 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories | WVS countries with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_hdi_k_in | 29 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories | WVS countries inside the World Bank region Europe and Central Asia with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_hdi_k_out | 41 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories | WVS countries outside the World Bank region Europe and Central Asia with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_hdi_r | +0.60 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment score and the Human Development Index (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | WVS countries with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.43 to 0.73 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_hdi_r_in | +0.79 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment score and the Human Development Index (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | WVS countries inside the World Bank region Europe and Central Asia with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.59 to 0.89 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_hdi_r_out | +0.64 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment score and the Human Development Index (Fisher z interval on the number of countries) | WVS countries outside the World Bank region Europe and Central Asia with an alignment score and a Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.42 to 0.79 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_k_high | 23 | countries | count of countries with an alignment score | countries in the highest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_k_low | 24 | countries | count of countries with an alignment score | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_k_mid | 23 | countries | count of countries with an alignment score | countries in the middle third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_all_benevolence | −0.04 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the benevolence item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI −0.05 to −0.02 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_all_tradition | +0.06 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the tradition item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.04 to 0.08 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_all_universalism | −0.03 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the universalism item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI −0.05 to −0.01 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_high_tradition | +0.12 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the tradition item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the highest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.09 to 0.15 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_high_universalism | −0.10 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the universalism item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the highest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI −0.14 to −0.07 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_low_security | −0.025 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the security item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI −0.046 to −0.004 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_mean_low_universalism | +0.04 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the universalism item (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.01 to 0.06 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_n_all_tradition | 71 | countries and territories | count of countries and territories in which the tradition item is estimated | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_pred_all_security | 33 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for the security item | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_pred_all_tradition | 56 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for the tradition item | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_pred_all_universalism | 44 | countries | count of countries with the point estimate on the predicted side for the universalism item | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_raw_all_tradition | +0.08 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the tradition item, not centred (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI 0.06 to 0.10 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_raw_all_universalism | +0.01 | correlation coefficient (loading), from −1 to +1 | mean across countries of the within-country weighted correlation of left-right with the universalism item, not centred (bootstrap over countries) | countries in the WVS value sample | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country | 95% CI −0.01 to 0.03 |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_raw_r | +0.95 | correlation across countries, from −1 to +1 | Pearson correlation across countries of the alignment score from items centred on the respondent's mean and from the raw items (no interval: the two versions use the same respondents) | WVS countries with an alignment score | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | WVS weight (S017) within each country; every country counted once across countries | World Values Survey and EVS |   |
| wvs_sign_low | 4 | items | count of the items with a predicted side whose mean correlation with left-right across countries has the predicted sign | countries in the lowest third of the Human Development Index | WVS waves 5 and 6, fieldwork 2005-2016, waves pooled within country |   |   | none (count) | World Values Survey and EVS |   |

## Definitions

- Correlation: A number from minus 1 to plus 1 for how closely two measures move together in a straight-line pattern. Zero means no straight-line pattern; a correlation does not say that one measure causes the other.
- Confidence interval: A range around an estimate that would contain the true value in 95% of repeated samples if the sampling model held. The book reports 95% intervals unless it says otherwise.
- Schwartz basic values: Ten broad motivations, such as security, tradition, achievement and universalism, that Shalom Schwartz's theory arranges in a circle. Neighboring values are compatible and opposite values conflict.
- Left-right self-placement: A survey question that asks people to place themselves on a scale from left to right. The scale is the same for everyone, but the meaning attached to left and right differs across people, countries and years.
- Loading: The correlation, inside one country, between a survey scale such as left-right self-placement and an attitude. A loading of zero means the attitude says nothing about where people place themselves, and a positive loading means people who hold it place themselves further right.
- Effective sample size: The number of equally weighted respondents that would give the same precision as the weighted sample. It is smaller than the raw count when the weights vary a lot, and it sets how wide the confidence interval is.
- Survey weights: Numbers that scale each respondent so the sample matches the population on known traits such as age, race, education and region. A weighted average counts a respondent with a large weight for more than one with a small weight.
- Standard deviation: A measure of how far values typically fall from their average. A larger standard deviation means the values are more spread out.
- Human Development Index: A country score from 0 to 1 that combines life expectancy, years of schooling and income per person, published by the United Nations Development Programme. Higher scores mean higher human development.

## Methods

Sample: ESS respondents in rounds 1 to 11 (2002-2024) with a human-values score and a left-right answer (0 = left, 10 = right) and a positive analysis weight, 432,669 respondents in 39 countries; WVS respondents in waves 5 and 6 (fieldwork 2005-2016) with a left-right answer (1 to 10) and all nine core value items, 113,253 respondents in 71 countries and territories (113,808 respondents in 73 countries before Jordan and Yemen are dropped for an effective sample below 300). Round 10 of the ESS has no value items in 9 countries (Austria, Cyprus, Germany, Spain, Israel, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden), which is a gap in the raw file and not a cleaning loss, so their loadings rest on the other rounds. Germany is one country and includes the former East Germany. Values: the ten Schwartz basic values from the 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire, each the mean of its answered items minus the respondent's mean over all answered items (reverse coded so higher means more important); the four higher-order axes are means of their member values. Rounds 1 to 10 come from the cleaned ESS file and the build reproduces its own value columns exactly; round 11 has no value items in the cleaned file, so they are rebuilt from the raw file (the items with the suffix a) and joined to the cleaned file's left-right answers and weights on country and respondent number, one to one. The WVS has one item per value (waves 5 and 6 only in the cleaned file), centred on the respondent's mean over the nine core items (all but benevolence, which no respondent answered in 13 countries and territories and a subsample answered in 20); the cleaned WVS file restores ten EVS countries with a blank label, and none carries the value items. Estimand: the loading of a value is the survey-weighted Pearson correlation between its score and left-right inside one country, with all fielded rounds or waves pooled. The predicted side of each value is fixed before estimation from the value circle (conservation and self-enhancement lean right, openness to change and self-transcendence lean left, hedonism has no predicted side). Weights: ESS analysis weight (pspwght x pweight) and WVS weight (S017) within each country; averages across countries count each country once. Intervals: country loadings have 95% Fisher z intervals on the Kish effective sample size of the complete cases, which are model based and ignore clustering; a mean across countries has a 95% percentile interval from a bootstrap over countries (2,000 replicates, seed 12345); the alignment of a country is the mean over eight values of the predicted sign times the loading, with a 95% percentile interval from a bootstrap over respondents (1,000 replicates, seed 12345); correlations across countries use Fisher z on the number of countries, the correlations across country-value cells (after subtracting each value's mean across countries) and between the centred and raw WVS scores are reported without an interval, and the line in the last figure is least squares with HC3 errors. Counts: a country is on the predicted side when its point estimate has the predicted sign, and its interval is on the predicted side when the interval excludes zero on that side. Suppression: a country-value cell needs a Kish effective sample of at least 300; no ESS cell fell below it, and Jordan and Yemen fall below it in the WVS. Country groups: Western Europe (18 countries outside the former communist bloc), post-communist Europe (18 countries) and Cyprus, Israel and Turkey, fixed by geography and history. Human Development Index: one value per country from the WVS country context file (year not recorded), thirds among the countries with an alignment score and a value (Taiwan has none); the region is the World Bank region in the same file, in which Europe and Central Asia includes Central Asia, the South Caucasus, Turkey and Cyprus.

## What these data cannot show

- The loadings are associations between two answers given in one interview.
- They do not show whether values shape left-right placement, whether placement shapes the values a person reports, or whether a third influence such as a party system, a church or an education shapes both.
- A country's alignment says how tightly the scale and the values move together and nothing about which comes first.
- How self-direction and stimulation differ by birth cohort is in Planned, The silent revolution (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/the-silent-revolution; planned).
- The scores are relative priorities.
- Because each value is centred on the respondent's own mean rating, the ten loadings cannot all lie on one side of zero, and a value that leans left partly reflects other values that lean right.
- The WVS measures each value with one item, which is noisier than the ESS scale, and the WVS universalism item is about the environment only.
- The alignment score leaves out hedonism and benevolence.
- The theory's prediction for achievement holds only weakly in Western Europe, where its mean interval sits barely above zero and it is on the predicted side in 12 of 18 countries.
- The intervals are model based.
- They treat each survey as a weighted simple random sample and ignore clustering in the sampling designs, and the bootstrap over countries treats the countries as a sample from a population of countries, which they are not.
- A count of countries by interval moves when a country's interval ends close to zero, as Hungary's does in the ESS and Estonia's, Georgia's and Uzbekistan's do in the WVS.
- A different bootstrap draw could place such a country in a neighboring group of the count.
- Countries appear in different rounds and waves, so a loading pools different years, and the chapter does not follow loadings over time.
- Round 10 of the ESS has no value items in 9 countries, so their loadings rest on the other rounds.
- The groups are historical and geographic labels.
- The post-communist group holds countries with different party systems and different histories after 1990, and Western Europe holds countries with long democratic histories and countries with recent ones.
- Left-right also means different things in different places, as Chapter 1.3, Left and right across countries (https://vishalsingh.org/politics/left-and-right-across-countries) shows, so a loading describes the tie between the label and a value among people who answer the question.
- The data hold no party manifestos, expert placements of parties or vote choices, so they cannot say why the tie is reversed in the 4 post-communist countries whose interval is below zero or unclear in the 10 whose interval includes zero.

## References

1. Schwartz, Shalom H. (1992). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25: 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
2. Caprara, Gian Vittorio; Schwartz, Shalom; Capanna, Cristina; Vecchione, Michele; Barbaranelli, Claudio (2006). Personality and Politics: Values, Traits, and Political Choice. Political Psychology 27(1): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00447.x
3. Piurko, Yuval; Schwartz, Shalom H.; Davidov, Eldad (2011). Basic Personal Values and the Meaning of Left-Right Political Orientations in 20 Countries. Political Psychology 32(4): 537-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x
4. Schwartz, Shalom H. (2003). A Proposal for Measuring Value Orientations across Nations. Chapter 7 in the Questionnaire Development Report of the European Social Survey. https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/ESS_core_questionnaire_human_values.pdf
5. Fisher, Ronald A. (1921). On the Probable Error of a Coefficient of Correlation Deduced from a Small Sample. Metron 1(4): 3-32.
6. Kish, Leslie (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley and Sons.
7. Efron, Bradley (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics 7(1): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176344552
8. Aspelund, Anna; Lindeman, Marjaana; Verkasalo, Markku (2013). Political Conservatism and Left-Right Orientation in 28 Eastern and Western European Countries. Political Psychology 34(3): 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12000
9. Davidov, Eldad; Schmidt, Peter; Schwartz, Shalom H. (2008). Bringing Values Back In: The Adequacy of the European Social Survey to Measure Values in 20 Countries. Public Opinion Quarterly 72(3): 420-445. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn035
10. Tavits, Margit; Letki, Natalia (2009). When Left Is Right: Party Ideology and Policy in Post-Communist Europe. American Political Science Review 103(4): 555-569. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990220
11. Kaasa, Anneli; Welzel, Christian (2023). Elements of Schwartz's Model in the WVS: How Do They Relate to Other Cultural Models?. Cross-Cultural Research 57(5): 431-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231179792

## Provenance

- Pipeline version: 1.0.0
- Build script: book3/chapters/basic-values-and-left-right/build.py (sha256 4783ace187627f86e2a29b2af10963ec3ea566d31c9f2c197d7e5e52df09ffac)
- Built on: 2026-09-30
- Site commit: 16414b2c7257546a7042d0b1734657f208999f60

Inputs:

| File | Size (bytes) | SHA-256, first 1 MB | SHA-256, last 1 MB |
| --- | ---: | --- | --- |
| data/ess/Datafile.sav | 1,771,059,844 | 277e9393b493b0a4e8d0cc8db99db78ddd0b48333fbf4487e54638427ba55abd | eaeb795cfa656529b28f6d0f579e1e6146c0dc45a9555a3249f983ab6433851b |
| data/ess/ess_clean.parquet | 45,592,290 | 9487eead6817f028f5dd525709aa1b989ccd384384ef3700b9657cf68dd0b529 | 6def6b8c99fe6dbaf6abc744db6cabf584b900084600909b651870d99208e338 |
| data/wvs/wvs_clean.parquet | 71,974,374 | cef4479481f8a48d6c765d39dc5438d31daa32fcecee3f181aaaf8e257f41f0b | 59a8e3c369176b7e1a2cb37fc10b87985ed79b02fab2eae1cca08e7a972db061 |

Outputs:

| File | SHA-256 |
| --- | --- |
| facts.json | b3f8fa4caf9f19bd4db0bdee3b550b87ec15ad816fb6ea0c94474aa0d3ac6401 |
| figures/alignment_hdi_agreement.json | 70cd369aa6bf86f10cd8866e5ab8b058d271bfed8616ce7d544ecf557dd18bd8 |
| figures/alignment_map.json | 543e28e65b865843768e4d1fa02d13454f99836b5893b04b321784a684e24939 |
| figures/countries_on_predicted_side.json | 711d1f14f03069d77a6218691975b80d6a61ca98643c0721aa6227d1ed058fb4 |
| figures/country_value_heatmap.json | 19bf23880f3afd7737b812672dee9f4c5044d2572be5a1f9968ae8d22eadeae4 |
| figures/post_communist_countries.json | a56b771ecf07066f9f1280e2524bc4861ca6ff8e12369d521915332cfc5c3064 |
| figures/value_circle_west.json | 1755711fb0460184358392bc6e9962901fe833a08a2c2cd99dc1f338f80cebbf |
| figures/wvs_items_by_hdi.json | 9a68d4f9e613781b63d9f60585959b7d6cc99dbd6486c2ac1a3f5e3390cd7d71 |
| meta.json | 8b7fc9e16f33eb1364baadf339e81821adfd31d3945959e6aaac77427579ebac |
| refs.json | c445f16b078e8aea1544bd209165e9ca9cd9fe99cd90c98b2e81daa48c7d5f6c |

## Machine formats

- Report (HTML): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right/report
- Report (Markdown): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/basic-values-and-left-right/report.md
- Every estimate (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/facts.json
- Table 1, figure "value_circle_west" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/value_circle_west.json
- Table 2, figure "countries_on_predicted_side" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/countries_on_predicted_side.json
- Table 3, figure "country_value_heatmap" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/country_value_heatmap.json
- Table 4, figure "post_communist_countries" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/post_communist_countries.json
- Table 5, figure "wvs_items_by_hdi" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/wvs_items_by_hdi.json
- Table 6, figure "alignment_map" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/alignment_map.json
- Table 7, figure "alignment_hdi_agreement" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/politics/report/basic-values-and-left-right/figures/alignment_hdi_agreement.json
- Index of every report: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/llms.txt; all reports in one file: https://vishalsingh.org/politics/llms-full.txt